Real-time Form Research Articles

CONTROL SYSTEM SIMULATION DESIGN NODEMCU ESP 8266 MICROCONTROLLER BASED HOME LIGHTING

This learning tool is made with the aim that readers can learn or get to know about microcontrollers and one of their uses and applications. In addition, the author tried something new, namely simulating a home lighting control system based on the NodeMCU ESP 8266 microcontroller which works automatically by utilizing RTC (Real Time Clock) so that it can work according to the time and conditions that have been determined so that when left at home as in an inhabited state. The working principle of this design is programming on a microcontroller that has been set with certain time settings, which will be processed and the result is in the form of real time and the state of the lights will be displayed in the LCD and mock up. By simulating a home lighting control system based on the nodemcu esp 8266 microcontroller, the author has several conclusions, namely this tool can be operated to turn on porch lights and living room lights remotely without having to be in place using the android application, namely Blynk, The ability of this tool can detect objects using PIR sensors so as to make the living room lights turn on automatically to minimize the occurrence theft, The porch light can turn on automatically every 5:00 p.m. and turn itself off at 6:00 a.m.

Negatively charged residues in the membrane ordering activity of SARS-CoV-1 and -2 fusion peptides

Entry of coronaviruses into host cells is mediated by the viral spike protein. Previously, we identified the bona fide fusion peptides (FPs) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (“SARS-1”) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (“SARS-2”) using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We also found that their FPs induce membrane ordering in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. Here we study which negatively charged residues in SARS-1 FP are involved in this binding, to build a topological model and clarify the role of Ca2+. Our systematic mutation study on the SARS-1 FP shows that all six negatively charged residues contribute to the FP’s membrane ordering activity, with D812 the dominant residue. The corresponding SARS-2 residue D830 plays an equivalent role. We provide a topological model of how the FP binds Ca2+ ions: its two segments FP1 and FP2 each bind one Ca2+. The binding of Ca2+, the folding of FP (both studied by isothermal titration calorimetry experiments), and the ordering activity correlate very well across the mutants, suggesting that the Ca2+ helps the folding of FP in membranes to enhance the ordering activity. Using a novel pseudotyped viral particle-liposome methodology, we monitored the membrane ordering induced by the FPs in the whole spike protein in its trimer form in real time. We found that the SARS-1 and SARS-2 pseudotyped viral particles also induce membrane ordering to the extent that separate FPs do, and mutations of the negatively charged residues also significantly suppress the membrane ordering activity. However, the slower kinetics of the FP ordering activity versus that of the pseudotyped viral particle suggest the need for initial trimerization of the FPs.

Telemetering of Rainfall Measurement Results Using 433 MHz Wireless Transmission

The line of sight (LOS) microwave communication system, especially those operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, is very susceptible to rain attenuation, particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Therefore, it is essential to calculate rain attenuation estimation values as a basis for consideration in designing a line of sight microwave communication system to get stable communication. In this study, telemetering was designed to measure the rainfall intensity from a rain gauge device through a 433 MHz wireless transceiver. Measurement of rainfall intensity values via an Arduino-controlled rain gauge was transmitted directly to the monitoring room, which then processed to be displayed in graphical form in real time and can also be stored as data loggers. The rainfall telemetering device users can measure rainfall remotely and without having to wait for the rain like the rainfall manual measurement.

MICROSOFT FORMS CLOUD APPLICATION IN COLLECTION AND ANALYTICS OF STUDENT ATTENDANCE REPORTS

Вступ. В роботі працівника деканату факультету підготовки іноземних громадян багато важких моментів. Більшість з них пов’язані з транс культурними конфліктами, різниці в системі цінностей учасників педагогічного процесу, несумісності релігій та психологій, що нашаровується на значний об’єм внутрішнього і зовнішнього документообігу та щомісячної аналітики.
 Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Одне з таких завдань - контроль відвідування студентами навчальних занять. Проблема полягає в необхідності помісячно обробляти значний об’єм розрізненої за способом доставки, слабко уніфікованої інформації. В такій ситуації в нагоді може стати доступний за підпискою Office365 інструмент Microsoft Forms, який передбачає створення опитувань та тестувань. В попередньо створеній формі, ми використаємо можливість отримання файлів. Це перетворить інструмент опитування в систему збору звітів з можливістю автоматизованого маркування документів, розміщення їх в захищеному сховищі, попередньої перевірки на відповідність умові формату та розміру, спільної обробки групами допущених осіб, та зведенням опитаної інформації до формату таблиці Microsoft Excel, де можливо, з легкістю, застосовувати сортування за необхідним критерієм, для контролю факту виконання завдання окремими респондентами.
 Для уніфікації звітньої інформації та забезпечення її придатності до автоматизованої обробки рекомендуємо звіти приймати у форматі захищеної таблиці Excel залишаючи доступними для зміни лише необхідні комірки. Для забезпечення спільного перегляду результатів членами контролюючої команди необхідно роздати права доступу на перегляд форми та можливість перегляду папки, де акумулюються файли звітів.
 Висновки. За період впровадження отримано 390 звітів від 50 кафедр на яких викладається 106 предметів. Завдяки двох сторонньому контролю підвищилась ефективність та вчасність подачі документів. Скоротився час затрачений на зведення інформації представниками деканату. Зросла достовірність кінцевих даних, завдяки зменшенню числа механічних помилок, а відповідно ефективність контролю успішності студентів факультету.

Nonlinear Quadratic Fractional Transportation Problem for Optimal Solution Deduction

The manifold non-linear programming problems (NLPP) are dealt by people in their daily routines in the form of real time uses. The non-linear problem could deliver a remedies on the problems that require decision making, for instance corporate planning as well as finance, production and marketing, sales and inventory etc. this makes the fractional programing a research area of predominance. The fractional programming in transportation problem of disposing a one type of goods to various endpoint with varying quantities would enable to identify probable solution at a minimized cost and duration. The paper with the research study on the one such NLPP is coined as the fractional-quadratic transportation problem. (FQTP). The NLPP are highly popular since they deliver a supreme depictions of distribution problems for the real-life applications were the transportation cost remains changing. The proposed strides in the paper emphasis on deducing the solutions that are optimal for such difficulty. The proposed algorithm is examined with the numerical instance to demonstrate the proficiency of the algorithm and its benefits in the transportation structure belonging to different area of application

Development assistive technology for students with hearing impairments

Lip reading is a technique of understanding speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lip when normal sound is not avalaible. Also as a primary method for individuals with hearing impairment to understand others speech. Lip reading requires constant attention to obtain complete information. The fact is that students with hearing impairments have difficulty to doing this in the class, because they have to do other activities such as writing or asking a friend. So it cause some of the information conveyed by the lecturer is not to be captured. Considering that technology plays an important role in clouded communication and information needs for individuals with hearing impairment. It is necessary to develop assistive technology that can help students with hearing impairment to more easily receive material delivered by lecturers by converting sound to text form in real time that can be accessed and stored by student cellphones. This research involved 2 programmers, 3 validators, 2 lecturers and 3 students with hearing impairment. Based on the results of validation and testing, it shows that this assistive technology can be used easily for lecturers and help students to understand the material more easily.

Risk Methods Applied to Electricity Distribution System in the UAE Electricity Markets

Electricity distribution systems (EDSs) are essential pieces of infrastructure for nations worldwide. However, the key assets constituting these systems can be exposed to various forms of risk. The purpose of this research was to explore and explicate the risk management methods applied to electricity distribution system asset management in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) electricity markets. It was a secondary research that encompassed the use of the existing data to explore this issue and address the research questions. The research findings revealed the electricity distribution system asset management exists in the form of real time, mid-term, and long-term. Moreover, it was found that this system could be exposed to economic, environmental, quality, reputational, vulnerability and regulatory risks. Finally, the research findings revealed risk management methods that could be used to the system in the UAE electricity markets are categorized as simplified, standard, and model-based. This study recommended that UAE companies operating in the electricity industry should apply a holistic risk analysis in their electricity distribution system asset management.

Design and Implementation of a Connection between Augmented Reality and Sensors

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used by engineers to record the behavior of structures. The sensors provide data to be used by engineers to make informed choices and prioritize decisions concerning maintenance procedures, required repairs, and potential infrastructure replacements. However, reliable data collection in the field remains a challenge. The information obtained by the sensors in the field frequently needs further processing, either at the decision-making headquarters or in the office. Although WSN allows data collection and analysis, there is often a gap between WSN data analysis results and the way decisions are made in industry. The industry depends on inspectors’ decisions, so it is of vital necessity to improve the inspectors’ access in the field to data collected from sensors. This paper presents the results of an experiment that shows the way Augmented Reality (AR) may improve the availability of WSN data to inspectors. AR is a tool which overlays the known attributes of an object with the corresponding position on the headset screen. In this way, it allows the integration of reality with a virtual representation provided by a computer in real time. These additional synthetic overlays supply data that may be unavailable otherwise, but it may also display additional contextual information. The experiment reported in this paper involves the application of a smart Strain Gauge Platform, which automatically measures strain for different applications, using a wireless sensor. In this experiment, an AR headset was used to improve actionable data visualization. The results of the reported experiment indicate that since the AR headset makes it possible to visualize information collected from the sensors in a graphic form in real time, it enables automatic, effective, reliable, and instant communication from a smart low-cost sensor strain gauge to a database. Moreover, it allows inspectors to observe augmented data and compare it across time and space, which then leads to appropriate prioritization of infrastructure management decisions based on accurate observations.

DATA LOGGER DAN PENGONTROL TEMPERATUR OTOMATIS PADA PEMANAS AIR (HEATER)

Temperature settings (or other physical quantities) are often found in the field as a condition so that the system works on predetermined measurement parameters. The physical quantity setting can be done by getting the value of the measuring parameter by using a sensor and processed so that the results obtained can be used to control the desired amount through the actuator. In this article a system is used to function as a data logger and temperature controller on a water heater (heater) automatically using a microcontroller and LabVIEW as a processor and presentation of the data. The temperature physical temperature is obtained by using an LM35 sensor. Then LabVIEW and the microcontroller will communicate for data retrieval so that the temperature data can be displayed in graphical form in real time. This data is then processed by LabVIEW to be compared with the desired temperature value so that LabVIEW will control the heater through a relay as the actuator. Relay will be ON when the temperature is below the lower limit of the temperature set before and will be OFF when the temperature is higher than the upper limit of the temperature that has been set previously. So that the heating temperature will be stable at the desired temperature.

How beginning handwriting is influenced by letter knowledge: Visual–motor coordination during children’s form copying

Even with recent technological advances, handwriting remains the developmental foundation from which communication via written language unfolds. Despite the importance of handwriting to academic success, previous research with beginning school-age children has only indirectly measured the processes of handwriting using post hoc assessments of legibility and accuracy. We adapted new head-mounted eye-tracking methods to directly measure visual–motor coordination of preschool and early elementary school children (N = 40) as they copied familiar (English letters) and unfamiliar (Cyrillic symbols) letter-like forms in real time. Results indicated that younger children needed more time to visually process a letter or symbol and initiate a writing action compared with older children despite children of all ages writing letters in a similar amount of time. Analyses also revealed that children copied familiar English letters more efficiently than they copied unfamiliar Cyrillic symbols: They spent more time on and made more visual fixations to the Cyrillic symbols compared with the English letters during the copying task. Finally, children made more visual fixations to less frequently occurring English letters than to more frequently occurring ones. Results are considered in relation to how letter recognition influences the development of automaticity in early handwriting.

Low-cost virtual instrumentation of PV panel characteristics using Excel and Arduino in comparison with traditional instrumentation

This paper presents a low-cost solution of virtual instrumentation to provide a new technique for real-time instrumentation of the PV panel characteristics such as voltage, current and power. The system design is based on a low-cost Arduino acquisition board. The acquisition is made through a low-cost current and voltage sensors, and data are presented in Excel by using the PLX-DAQ data acquisition Excel Macro, which allows communication between the ATMega328 microcontroller of an Arduino UNO board and the computer by UART bus. Hence, the I–V and P–V characteristics, which processed under real-time conditions, can be obtained directly and plotted on an Excel spreadsheet without needing to reprogram the microcontroller. A comparison between this low-cost virtual instrumentation and the traditional instrumentation is drawn in this work. It is found that our solution presents several benefits compared to the traditional solution such as the data can be presented in graphical form in real time. Thus, several experimental tests to confirm the effectiveness of the developed virtual instrumentation system are presented in this study.

Monitoring of multiple solvent induced form changes during high shear wet granulation and drying processes using online Raman spectroscopy

Form changes during drug product processing can be a risk to the final product quality in terms of chemical stability and bioavailability. In this study, online Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the form changes in real time during high shear wet granulation of Compound A, a highly soluble drug present at a high drug load in an extended release formulation. The effect of water content, temperature, wet massing time and drying technique on the degree of drug transformation were examined. A designed set of calibration standards were employed to develop quantitative partial least square regression models to predict the concentration of each drug form during both wet granulation and the drying process. Throughout all our experiments we observed complex changes of the drug form during granulation, manifest as conversions between the initial non-solvated form of Compound A, the hemi-hydrate form and the “apparent” amorphous form (dissolved drug). The online Raman data demonstrate that the non-solvated form converts to an “apparent” amorphous form (dissolved drug) due to drug dissolution with no appearance of the hemi-hydrate form during water addition stage. The extent of conversion of the non-solvated form was governed by the amount of water added and the rate of conversion was accelerated at higher temperatures. Interestingly, in the wet massing zone, the formation of the hemi-hydrate form was observed at a rate equivalent to the rate of depletion of the non-solvated form with no change in the level of the “apparent amorphous” form generated. The level of hemi-hydrate increased with an increase in wet massing time. The drying process had a significant effect on the proportion of each form. During tray drying, changes in drug form continued for hours. In contrast fluid bed drying appeared to lock the final proportions of drug form product attained during granulation, with comparatively small changes observed during drying. In conclusion, it was possible to simultaneously monitor the three forms in real time during wet granulation and drying using online Raman spectroscopy. The results regarding the effect of process parameters on the degree of transformation are critical for designing a robust process that ensures a consistent form in the final drug product.

Mathematical Model for Detection of Leakage in Domestic Water Supply Systems by Reading Consumption from an Analogue Water Meter

In this article we introduce the principles to detect leakage using a mathematical model based on machine learning and domestic water consumption monitoring in real time. The model uses data which is measured from a water meter, analyzes the water consumption, and uses two criteria simultaneously: deviation from the average consumption, and comparison of steady water consumptions over a period of time. Simulation of the model on a regular household consumer was implemented on Antileaks - device that we have built that designed to transfer consumption information from an analogue water meter to a digital form in real time.

Photofragmentation of nitro-based explosives with chemiluminescence detection

A simple, fast, reliable, sensitive and potentially portable explosive detection device was developed employing laser photofragmentation (PF) followed by heterogeneous chemiluminescence (CL) detection. The PF process involves the release of NO(x(x = 1,2)) moieties from explosive compounds such as TNT, RDX, and PETN through a stepwise excitation-dissociation process using a 193 nm ArF laser. The NO(x(x = 1,2)) produced upon PF is subsequently detected by its CL reaction with basic luminol solution. The intensity of the CL signal was detected by a thermoelectrically cooled photomultiplier tube with high quantum efficiency and negligible dark current counts. The system was able to detect trace amounts of explosives in various forms in real time under ambient conditions. Detection limits of 3 ppbv for PETN, 2 ppbv for RDX, and 34 ppbv for TNT were obtained. It was also demonstrated that the presence of PETN residue within the range of 61 to 186 ng/cm(2) can be detected at a given signal-to-background ratio of 10 using a few microjoules of laser energy. The technique also demonstrated its potential for the direct analysis of trace explosive in soil. An LOD range of 0.5-4.3 ppm for PETN was established, which is comparable to currently available techniques.

Optical strain sensor using position-sensitive detector and diffraction grating: error analysis

A new optical strain sensor is developed to rival the traditional electrical strain gauge. It directly measures in-plane strains using a high frequency grating and two position-sensitive detectors (PSDs). The strain measurement is independent of the rigid body motion of the grating. A high frequency diffraction grating attached to the surface of a specimen is illuminated by a focused or collimated laser beam. The centroids of the two symmetric diffracted beam spots from the grating are determined by the PSD sensors connected to a personal computer. The shift of diffracted beam spots due to the specimen deformation is transformed to strain components. Several measures are taken to improve strain sensitivity including residual strain error due to the misalignment of laser and grating. The measured strain is directly displayed on the monitor in both digital and graphical forms in real time. Strain sensitivity of 1 x strain and a spatial resolution of 0.1 mm can be achieved.

The Role of a Digital Intelligent Camera in Automating Industrial Photogrammetry

In the past few years the automation of digital industrial photogrammetric systems has increased dramatically. Due to digital image processing software, coded targets and automatic matching methods, a huge number of photogrammetric measurement tasks can be fully automated. In many cases a “one button click” is enough to provide the three dimensional co‐ordinates of measured points without any manual interaction, immediately after acquiring the images. The technology of intelligent cameras is a logical step towards automated photogrammetric measurements. An intelligent camera, which has an integrated computer, analyses the image immediately after it is taken. This technology provides not only a much shorter processing time for the images but also more control over the measurement process just when it is needed, during image acquisition. This takes place in the form of real time feedback.This paper describes the role of a digital intelligent camera in the automation of an industrial photogrammetric measurement system and gives an overview of existing automation techniques in industrial photogrammetry. As an example of an intelligent camera, the performance of the new INCA digital intelligent camera, developed and manufactured by Geodetic Services, Inc. (GSI) and distributed by Leica, is described.

Mapping Algorithms for Real-Time Control of an Avatar Using Eight Sensors

In a virtual environment for small groups of interacting participants, it is important that the physical motion of each participant be replicated by synthetic human forms in real time. Sensors on a user's body are used to drive an inverse kinematics algorithm. Such iterative algorithms for solving the general inverse kinematics problem are too slow for a real-time interactive environment. In this paper we present analytic, constant time methods to solve the inverse kinematics problem and drive an avatar figure. Our sensor configuration has only eight sensors per participant, so the sensor data is augmented with information about natural body postures. The algorithm is fast, and the resulting avatar motion approximates the actions of the participant quite well. This new analytic solution resolves a problem with an earlier iterative algorithm that had a tendency to position knees and elbows of the avatar in awkward and unnatural positions.

Real-time separation of multineuron recordings with a DSP32C signal processor

We have developed a hardware and software package for real-time discrimination of multiple-unit activities recorded simultaneously from multiple microelectrodes using a VME-Bus system. Compared with other systems cited in literature or commercially available, our system has the following advantages. (1) Each electrode is served by its own preprocessor (DSP32C); (2) On-line spike discrimination is performed independently for each electrode. (3) The VME-bus allows processing of data received from 16 electrodes. The digitized (62.5 kHz) spike form is itself used as the model spike; the algorithm allows for comparing and sorting complete wave forms in real time into 8 different models per electrode.

New visualization tool to operate high energy physics detectors

The new high energy physics detectors like ALEPH are very complex and run for years. Their operation requires new tools. In this approach we give to the operator all the relevant information in graphical form in real time on the workstation screen in front of him. The pictorial form is necessary both to ensure an high communication bandwidth and to allow the immediate understanding of the detector status. This approach has been applied to two subdetectors of ALEPH, an apparatus taking data in one of the collision points of the LEP accellerator in the CERN laboratory on the Swiss-French border near Geneva. The two subdetectors are the hadron calorimeter and the muon detector. Together they have around 250 000 sensors: electronic channels that must individually be monitored for malfunction. A program has been developed to monitor them: the Hcal monitoring display which makes use of a 2D representation of the detector and displays on it the status of each channel in pseudocolor. This is similar to the representation of geographical data in atlases. The complex 3D structure of the apparatus is flattened in a 2D picture. Malfunctions appear as empty zones, strange colors, odd shapes.

Role of the product in the transformation of a catalyst to its active state

OXIDE catalysts, which are used in a broad range of important industrial processes1–4, are generally prepared in the form of a precursor which is converted into the active catalytic form only under well defined reaction conditions. A vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst is used to effect selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride: (VO)2P2O7 is considered5–7 to be the main active component, and is prepared from the precursor VOHPO4·0.5H2O. Here we use in situ Raman spectroscopy to study the conversion of this precursor to the active form in real time. We find that, during this process, the crystalline structure of VOHPO4·0.5H2O becomes totally disordered at the same time as selectivity for maleic anhydride becomes apparent. Furthermore, our results indicate that this product seems to play a role in bringing about this change; thus, it seems that the selective reaction product assists in the creation of the active sites. We suggest that this phenomenon might be quite general in oxide catalysis.