Form Of Language Research Articles

Hegemoni Balian Desa dalam Aktivitas Ritual Hindu di Desa Pedawa

Balian Desa, a religious ritual leader who is trusted by the Bali Aga community, especially Pedawa Village. The Balian Desa position has vital duties and responsibilities in leading the procession of religious rituals of the Bali Aga community. In the perspective of Sociology, the position of the Balian Desa has the highest authority in terms of religious rituals carried out in Pedawa Village, the Balian Desa has enormous hegemonic power and has a strong influence on the continuity of community life in terms of religious ritual activities. This study aims to examine the hegemonic power possessed by a Balian Desa in the implementation of religious rituals that affect the community, especially in Pedawa Village. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The results of this study show that a person who occupies a position as a Balian Desa has a great influence in the form of hegemony on religious ritual activities in Pedawa Village. This can be seen because the Balian Desa is chosen abstractly and through a sacred procession, and can legitimize every religious ritual. In addition, the hegemony of the village balian that influences the community is very strong through ideology, language, and folklore that strengthens people's trust in the Balian Desa figure, which has an impact on the socio-religious implications of the life of the Pedawa Village community. The conclusion of this research is that the Balian Desa has a strong position because it is chosen abstractly in the ritual aspect, in terms of hegemony, the village balian influences the ideology of the community through the form of language, sacred symbols, and beliefs (folklore) which make his position very strong, and this hegemony will have an impact on the socio-religious life of the Pedawa Village community.

Investigating the Impact of Using TikTok on Listening Comprehension Acquisition for First-year Students at the College of Science and Arts in Unaizah

The present study explores the impact of TikTok on listening comprehension skills among first-year English language students at the College of Science and Arts in Unaizah. With the rise of social media as a learning tool, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok has emerged as a platform for informal language acquisition. The research employs a descriptive survey methodology, comparing two groups of students: one with high engagement (8-10 hours per week) in educational TikTok content and another with minimal or no engagement. The primary research questions investigate the essential listening comprehension skills that students should master and whether significant differences exist between the two groups in acquiring these skills, specifically in skimming, scanning, and critical listening. The findings provide practical insights for educators on integrating modern technology into language instruction. Ultimately, this investigation seeks to fill a gap in existing research regarding TikTok's influence on EFL listening comprehension, offering valuable implications for both theoretical understanding and practical application in language education.

Evaluation of character creation of large language models

In intelligent scenarios, large language models (LLMs) are used to create characters that interact with users, providing guidance and relevant information. The higher the degree of anthropomorphism of these roles, the better the emotional experience they provide, which is beneficial for user interaction and enhances user experience. Therefore, evaluating the character-creation capabilities of LLMs is essential. This study used a questionnaire and used another LLM (ChatGPT-4o) to assess the impact of emoji usage and language style on the anthropomorphism and emotional expression of content generated by LLMs. The results indicate that when using emojis, the characters exhibit higher levels of anthropomorphism and emotional expression. Additionally, informal language styles contribute to enhancing both anthropomorphism and emotional expression.

Translation Strategies for Slang Words in the Subtitles of Film “Inside Out 2”

Translation is the process of conveying the meaning of a text accurately into a target language. Slang refers to informal language commonly used in casual conversations, making it unsuitable for formal situation. This study investigates the types of slang words and the translation strategies used in the subtitles of the movie Inside Out 2. Drawing on Allan and Burridge’s (2006) classification, the research identifies four types of slang—fresh and creative, flippant, imitative, and clipping—across 229 instances in the movie. Additionally, Baker’s (1992) translation strategies were analyzed to determine the most effective methods for rendering these slang expressions into the target language. The findings reveal that "direct translation" was the most frequently employed strategy (45.41%), followed by paraphrasing with related (18.78%) and unrelated words (16.16%). The study highlights the nuanced decision-making process involved in translating culturally specific and idiomatic language, offering practical insights for translators and contributing to the broader academic discourse on subtitling practices.

COping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaire: validated German translation and cross-cultural adaptation for patients with axSpA

BackgroundPatients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), may suffer from stressors like pain and functional impairments leading to limitations in their self-perceived health status. The COping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaire was developed to analyze how patients cope with these stressors. The CORS is currently not available in German.ObjectiveFirst, to translate, cross-culturally adapt and to linguistically validate the original Dutch CORS into German. Second, to test the pre-final German translation through cognitive debriefing in patients with axSpA.MethodologyThe original Dutch CORS underwent a multistep cross-cultural adaptation process, as described by Beaton. It was first independently translated into German by bilingual Dutch-German lay and expert translators. Subsequently, it was translated back from the German version into Dutch. Remaining discrepancies were resolved by a scientific committee, resulting in a pre-final German version. This version was then tested through cognitive debriefing by 10 patients with axSpA across a broad spectrum of sociodemographic backgrounds.ResultsForward and backward translations of the CORS revealed minor discrepancies, mainly based on the degree of formal versus informal language usage, minor semantic errors or unusual syntax, which led to minor modifications in the wording. Reviewed by the scientific committee, the pre-final consensus German version was linguistically validated by cognitive debriefing by 10 patients with axSpA. Cognitive debriefing confirmed and ensured closest linguistic validity for German in Germany and highest equivalence to the Dutch original version.ConclusionThe German CORS was shown to have high cross-cultural and face validity for the assessment of coping with rheumatic stressors.

중국인 한국어 전공자의 초급단계 쓰기 텍스트에 나타난 논리성 고찰

All human languages possess universality, and the human way of thinking is characterized by logical reasoning. On this premise, this study qualitatively analyzed the written texts of Chinese Korean majors at the Beginner level. As a result, a clear logical structure was identified within their text structure, which involves introducing a text, stating a central thought, providing a rationale for this central thought, and confirming or emphasizing this thought. In addition, the study also identified the frequent use of the logical cohesive device, which is the main subject of this paper's analysis. This verifies that humans fundamentally think logically and express themselves in language form. The results of this study suggest that in argumentative text writing education for Chinese Korean learners for academic purposes, more emphasis should be placed on designing effective educational plans for logical cohesive devices rather than on improving thinking ability or text structure. It is suggested that the instructor should understand the universality of language and, as well as the contrasting linguistic knowledge and mediating variables between the learner's native language and Korean, to effectively design instructional plans.

Trauma web-based psychoeducational programme: systematic cultural adaptation and protocol for a feasibility-acceptability study

ABSTRACT Background: Trauma exposure in Indonesia is high despite the fact that there is limited accessibility to mental healthcare. Pulihkan Luka (PL) is a web-based trauma psychoeducation intervention that aims to provide a practical solution to overcome barriers to accessing mental healthcare. Objectives: This article aimed to (1) describe the cultural adaptation process of PL for Indonesian students and (2) describe the design of the pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) that examines the feasibility and acceptability of PL. Methods: First, we describe the cultural adaptation process of PL following the 5-phase Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) approach: (1) knowledge generation, (2) information integration, (3) review and revision, (4) mini-testing, and (5) finalisation. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to gather the views of 15 stakeholders on psychoeducation material and trauma-related mental health problems. Based on the outcomes, we decided to utilise the informal Indonesian language, incorporate practical worksheets and infographics, which include illustrations that reflect Indonesia’s cultural diversity, and provide guidance on seeking help that aligns with the mental health system in Indonesia. Second, we describe the design of a pilot RCT. Undergraduate students (N = 130) will be randomised to (1) four to seven sessions of PL + Enhanced Usual Care (PL + EUC; n = 65) or (2) Enhanced Usual Care only (EUC only; n = 65). Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and three and six-month follow-up. Additionally, 20 participants will be invited for an FGD to explore their experiences with the intervention. Quantitative data will be analysed using linear mixed-effect models, and qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Discussion: Cultural adaptation is crucial for optimally developing and assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based trauma psychoeducation intervention in Indonesia. The outcomes of the RCT will inform the feasibility and acceptability of web-based trauma psychoeducation in the Indonesian undergraduate student population.

THE CULTURE OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT NATIONS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND WAYS TO IMPROVE IT

The article is devoted to the consideration of the culture of communication between representatives of different nations and the main directions for its improvement. In the current situation of geopolitical tension, when the opposing sides actively use hybrid pressure tools, it is important to ensure a balance of interests of all nationalities living in the socio-economic space of Russia. Since ancient times, Russian society has been multinational in nature, based on feelings of respect for the interests of other nationalities. Thus, at the civilizational level, the Russian people strive not to colonize representatives of other nations, but to find common ground with them for support and joint solution of a huge number of problems. Today, unfriendly countries are trying to disunite Russian society along national lines in order to inflict a strategic defeat on our country. An important element of the defensive response to various forms of hybrid aggression is the construction of a high-quality culture of communications between different nations. A positive factor for the successful solution of this problem is the existence of a common basis in the form of the Russian language, which generates an accessible bridge of communications. The replication of effective practices of intercultural communications significantly reduces the risks of ethnopolitical conflicts and leads to the stabilization of the social situation. Political elites, within the framework of their activities and public agenda, should actively engage in this process and in every possible way contribute to the expansion of the potential of intercultural communications. In the context of digital transformation, it is advisable to create new cultural spaces for interethnic dialogue in order to achieve political consensus in solving problematic issues of social, religious and economic nature.

Pola Kalimat Opini Gubernur dalam JawaPos untuk Komunikasikan Hari Guru Nasional

This research highlights the crucial role of governors as regional leaders in conveying messages and policies to the community, especially through opinions published in the mass media. The focus on the use of formal and informal language in the governor's communication, as well as the analysis of sentence patterns in the opinion of the Governor of East Java in the November 25, 2023 edition of Jawa Pos are the main objectives of this study. Content analysis methods are used to evaluate opinion texts, examine sentence types, sentence patterns, and formal and informal language usage. The results showed the dominance of the use of active voice in the governor's opinion, indicating awareness of the subject as the main actor in the message conveyed. Common sentence patterns such as KSPO and SPK are often used, but there are also variations of other patterns that provide a broader dimension in communication. There is also a unique blend of formal and informal language in the governor's text, creating a more personal atmosphere and connecting with the audience more thoroughly. However, the study has limitations, especially in the overall representation of the governor's communication style that may not include all communication strategies in different situations. In conclusion, the study reveals complexity and variation in language use and sentence patterns in governors' opinions.

Contemporary Adaptive Language Models and the Challenges of Literary Translation (in F. Dostoyevsky’s Novel “The Brothers Karamazov”)

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted in 2006, has highlighted the need to find ways of ensuring access to information and full communication for people who have difficulty reading and understanding “standard” literary texts. The authors of the convention highlight the use of specific languages and the development of new methods of presenting text and its formatting. Particular emphasis is placed on the availability of cultural information in appropriate formats. Indeed, this paves the way for a novel approach to language communication. The Convention has provided a catalyst for a new direction in linguistics, namely the comprehension and practical description of the communicative variant of a national language intended for certain groups of its speakers. Practical work has a long history and has undergone significant developments, whereas academic research is still in its infancy. Another parallel process is the general trend towards the need for simplified forms of language, caused by digitalization and the accelerated pace of life, which does not allow for extensive reading and in-depth understanding of texts. As a matter of fact, a revision of the criteria for linguistic norms in "standard" texts is currently being considered. However, it should be noted that the process does not only affect standard texts; the practice of translating complex cultural texts into more comprehensible forms is also on the rise. This encompasses both intralanguage transformations and interlingual translations. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the concepts of "plain" and "easy-to-read" languages, to examine the distinctive characteristics of their operational nuances, and to address the challenges associated with the translation of fictional texts into "easy-to-read language," with a particular focus on F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Brothers Karamazov", translated into Japanese.

The Role of Language in Thought Formation and Personality

Language is a communication tool that plays an important role in social life as a representation of minds and individual and group identity. Language consists of a series of sounds systemized in the form of symbols, and has free, significant, conventional, universal, productive, diverse, dynamic, and humane characteristics. As a communication tool, language allows individuals to interact in social groups, convey messages, and identify themselves in society. In addition, language reflects mental representation, where the form and structure of language follow or mimic minds and ideas. Language is also considered a personality trait that reflects an individual’s beliefs and values. This research aimed to increase understanding of the role of language as a communication tool, mind representation, and identity. The research method involved an in-depth literature review, analysis of linguistic data, and observation of social phenomena in everyday language use. The analysis used a descriptive and interpretive approach to understand the relationship between language, mind, and identity. The results showed that language not only functions as a tool to convey messages but also as a medium that reflects mindset, cultural values, and social identity. The choice of language code was closely related to language ethics, influenced by a community’s social and cultural rules. This research concluded that language was a reflection of human complexity in thinking, communicating, and building identity. Using language in accordance with language ethics contributed to forming a positive image of individuals in society.

Prediction and Detection of Scam Threats on Digital Platforms for Indonesian Users Using Machine Learning Models

Scam threats on digital platforms continue to rise alongside the rapid adoption of technology in Indonesia. The unique characteristics of Indonesian digital users, such as low digital literacy and high social media usage, make them particularly vulnerable to various forms of scams, including phishing, impersonation, and emotional manipulation. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based model for predicting and detecting scams by identifying threat patterns within a local context. The methodology involves collecting a survey-based dataset from Indonesian digital users, capturing language patterns and user interaction behaviors. The dataset was processed through text-cleaning techniques, tokenization, normalization, and representation using TF-IDF and Word Embeddings. The machine learning models employed in this study are Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM), evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Hyperparameter tuning was conducted to optimize model performance, while k-fold cross-validation was utilized to minimize the risk of overfitting. The results indicate that the Random Forest model achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 92.5%, precision of 90.7%, recall of 94.1%, and F1-score of 92.4%. The use of local datasets improved detection accuracy by 7.8% compared to global datasets, highlighting the critical importance of contextual representation in identifying scam patterns specific to Indonesia. The model was also effective in recognizing unique threat patterns, such as the use of informal language and manipulative phrases in scam messages. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of digital security by providing an effective machine learning-based approach to detecting scam threats in Indonesia. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of developing local datasets and educating users as part of a holistic solution to enhance digital security. These insights emphasize the necessity of incorporating cultural and contextual factors into technology-driven approaches for combating scams in developing countries like Indonesia

Train and Constrain: Phonologically Informed Tongue Twister Generation from Topics and Paraphrases

Abstract Previous work in phonologically and phonetically grounded language generation has mainly focused on domains such as puns and poetry. In this article, we present new work on the generation of English tongue twisters—a form of language that is required to be conditioned on a phoneme level to maximize sound overlap, while maintaining semantic consistency with an input topic or phrase and still being grammatically correct. We present TwisterLister, a pipeline for generating phonologically informed tongue twisters from large language models (LLMs) that we use to generate TwistList 2.0, the largest annotated dataset of tongue twisters to date, consisting of 17K+ examples from a combination of human and LLM authors. Our generation pipeline involves the use of a phonologically constrained vocabulary alongside LLM prompting to generate novel, non-derivative tongue twister examples. We additionally present the results of automatic and human evaluation of smaller models trained on our generated dataset to demonstrate the extent to which phonologically motivated language types can be generated without explicit injection of phonological knowledge. Additionally, we introduce a phoneme-aware constrained decoding module (PACD) that can be integrated into an autoregressive language model and demonstrate that this method generates good quality tongue twisters both with and without fine-tuning the underlying language model. We also design and implement a range of automatic metrics for the task of tongue twister generation that is phonologically motivated and captures the unique essence of tongue twisters, primarily based on phonemic edit distance (PED).1

Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Storytelling in Posyandu Lansia Sejahtera Mojosongo Surakarta

Storytelling is a form of spoken language used to convey information or experiences experienced by the communicator to others. Storytelling activities call on cognitive functions such as the ability to think, absorb, capture, and concentrate. Declining cognitive functions certainly have a major impact on older people's ability to think, remember, learn, and use language. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between cognitive ability and the ability to tell stories in the elderly. The research design used was cross-sectional. The respondents in this study were 38 people aged 60, and the collection technique used was purposive sampling. The data analysis used was the contingency coefficient test. The results of this study showed a significant value of 0.003 (p<0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between cognitive ability and storytelling ability in the elderly.

The Impact of Social Media on Language Development: A Linguistic Study of Emerging Online Slang

This study explores the impact of social media on language development, focusing on the emergence of online slang. With the rapid expansion of social media platforms, the language used online has evolved significantly, giving rise to new linguistic patterns, abbreviations, and expressions. This research employs a qualitative approach through an extensive literature review to investigate how social media influences language acquisition, communication styles, and the creation of digital lexicons. By analyzing a range of scholarly articles, studies, and online discourse, the study examines how social media facilitates the evolution of informal language, particularly through the creation and adoption of slang. The research further explores the socio-cultural implications of online slang, discussing its role in shaping youth identity, group dynamics, and communication within digital communities. This paper also reflects on the implications of this language shift for formal language use, education, and communication in both digital and traditional contexts. The findings suggest that while online slang promotes creativity and inclusivity, it also poses challenges in maintaining linguistic norms and understanding across generations. The study contributes to the growing field of linguistic research by highlighting the dual nature of social media’s impact on language—both as a tool for innovation and as a source of linguistic fragmentation.

Deepening Explorations of Racial and Linguistic Representation in Picturebooks through Critical Translingual Literacies

AbstractAmplifying the racial, linguistic, ethnic, and broader sociocultural resources of Black, Latine, and Indigenous communities remains an urgent endeavor during these precarious times in literacy education. In the wake of continued global and U.S. racial reckoning movements and legislation that narrows early literacy curriculum to isolated skills and texts in standardizing English print, foregrounding the linguistic savvy of racialized linguistically diverse communities' experiences becomes imperative. Drawing on data from a 2‐year long teacher and researcher collaborative inquiry and recent scholarship on critical translingual literacies, we feature a linguistically diverse picturebook read‐aloud planning guide designed to support educators' commitments to amplifying the lives, languages, and literacies of Black, Latine, and Indigenous communities. Picturebooks have a long history as a tool for literacy learning, yet the artful and sociopolitical features of these texts are too often sacrificed at the expense of skills‐focused instruction. The practice of “using” picture books solely to teach skills becomes more alarming as picturebooks that feature diverse racial, linguistic, or ethnic communities are “plugged” into scripted curriculum without opportunities for students to respond to the sociocultural and linguistic resources featured. As diverse picturebooks slowly flood our classrooms, guidance regarding the relevant commitments, conditions, collaborations, and classroom practices are needed to ensure that their aesthetic and sociopolitical features are not only considered but deepened. The featured picturebook guide is specifically designed to support teachers as critical picturebook curators who design read‐alouds that build upon the translingual literacies of Black, Latine, and Indigenous communities and affirms the brilliance and beauty of racial, linguistic, and ethnic diversity. This humanizing and liberatory approach to language and literature study resists the replication of singular language forms (standardizing English print) and centers language(s) as system(s) that thrive in the daily lives of real people.

Exploring the Use of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing Among EFL Faculty Members in Digital Learning Environments

This study aims to investigate the use of code-mixing and code-switching by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) faculty members in the digital learning environment. While code-switching and code-mixing have been examined in various educational contexts, there remains a notable gap in understanding their intentional use within the digital learning environment, where faculty members deliberately alternate or mix languages to enhance clarity, engage students, and achieve specific teaching objectives in an online context. This study addresses this gap by examining how faculty members strategically employ these linguistic phenomena to enhance the learning experience in technologically mediated instructional settings. Employing qualitative research design and a case study approach, data were collected through documentation, observation, and semi-structured interviews. Two experienced EFL faculty members from a university in Malang, Indonesia, were selected as participants due to their expertise in code-switching and digital learning environments. The findings reveal complex code-mixing patterns, including inner, outer, and hybrid forms, while code-switching is observed in interlanguage transitions and shifts between formal and informal language. EFL faculty members intentionally utilize these linguistic strategies to enhance student comprehension. Switching between languages helps explain difficult concepts, clarify ideas, and foster better understanding. Bilingualism and situational context emerge as key factors influencing language choices in the digital learning environment, shaping the pedagogical practices for EFL educators. The implications of this study highlight the strategic role of language alternation in technologically mediated instructional settings, emphasizing its potential to enrich the pedagogical approaches of EFL educators in digital learning environments.

Conceptual Metaphor of Measuring Time in Kurdish Language

This research is entitled (Conceptual Metaphor of Measuring Time in Kurdish Language). The study is an attempt to show the Kurdish views about measuring time as a cognitive concept, within the framework of conceptual metaphor in Kurdish language. It refers to the schema of the concept of time as place, and how the abstract concept of time appears in concrete forms (objects, movements and quantities) in Kurdish language. The data were taken from the daily speech of the speakers of the middle dialect of Kurdish. Most of the data were widespread orally and were taken from the ordinary speech of the speakers, while some of them have taken more cultural forms and have been recorded in Kurdish dictionaries. For the data analysis the study relies on schema theory, mapping, proposed by Lakoff and Johnson within the framework of the school of cognitive linguistics/semantics. Moreover, it refers to how it reflects the individual's experience (such as the main views of school of cognitive semantics) and the principle of forming a pictorial mapping of the Kurdish individual's thought system and its reflection in his speeches have been interpreted as necessary.

How is Logical Analysis Viable?

The idea and the actual exercises of logical analysis as a philosophical method are at the heart of the emergence of analytic philosophy in the beginning of the 20th century. Although analytic philosophy is most commonly said to emerge with the critique devised by G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell of the then-dominant idealist currents of philosophy in Britain, the central conception of analysis at work in this process is not the dominant traditional conception of analysis as decomposition of concepts, but a fairly new, distinctive conception which we find to be exemplified exclusively in Frege’s and Russell’s works (specifically Frege 1879, 1893 and Russell 1905). This distincive conception has been specified under a few various rubrics, such as paraphrastic or transformative-interpretive analysis, to separate it not only from the decompositional but the regressive conception as well, the latter characterizing the analysis-synthesis method of ancient Greek geometry. The present paper first locates logical analysis (as a philosophical method) in this picture, by proposing to define it as a definite kind of paraphrastic (or transformative/interpretive) analysis, the kind where the language in the analysans position is a logical language. The paper highlights the fact that the whole point of analyzing natural language forms by means of translating them into a logical language is essentially solving problems of inference – i.e. determining whether certain natural language sentence types follow from/contradict with/entail certain others, and shows that this particular conception of analysis is not as self-consistent a notion as it may first seem to be. The key to the argument is the undeniable connection between the meaning (at large) of a sentence form and the principal inferential relations that the sentence form is supposed (pre-analytically) to enter into with other related forms. The argument employs as a clear example the common modern logical analysis of the so-called problem of existential import of traditional categorical forms in order to problematize the viability of logical analysis, and concludes that one of the necessary conditions of the self-consistency (viability, possibility) of logical analysis is the acceptance of a certain negative thesis about meaning.

2022 개정 영어과 교육과정에 나타난 텍스트와 맥락의 개념 검토

Objectives This study examines the types of texts and contextual knowledge introduced as part of the learning content in the 2022 revised national English curriculum and proposes specific teaching and learning methods to apply these changes in actual school education. Methods To achieve this, the study compares and analyzes the content system of the 2015 and 2022 revised national English curricula and based on this analysis, suggests a text-based English instructional model aimed at enhancing practical language use skills. Results Compared to the 2015 revised national English curriculum, the 2022 curriculum has contributed to systematizing the learning content by newly introducing the concepts of text and context into each area's content elements; however, it has not yet provided specific learning methods required in the actual school education. Therefore, this study proposes an effective text-based English instructional model aimed at constructing meaning through text based on context, in line with the educational intentions of the 2022 curriculum. Conclusions This study presents a text-based English instructional model that can implement the newly introduced concepts of text and context in the 2022 revised national English curriculum in school education. It contributes to bridging the gap between the theory and practice of current English education, which emphasizes language use while still focusing on teaching language form.