Formative Evaluation Tool Research Articles

Theory-based assessment in environmental education: a tool for formative evaluation

This article reports on the development of a theory-informed assessment instrument for use in evaluating environmental education programs. The instrument involves coding learners’ brief reflective writing on five established educational and social psychological constructs that correspond to five important goals of environmental education: promoting learners’ perceived relevance of environmental content, sense of personal and collective responsibility for sustainability, knowledge of environmental content, readiness for environmental action, and identity exploration around environmental questions. The article describes the development of the instrument and its use for coding the reflective writing of 242 early adolescents who participated in a large-scale environmental education program.

The High-Pressure/High-Temperature Completion Landscape—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Summary High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells demand the highest-performance equipment and services for the safe and successful completion of these high-risk and high-cost projects. The demands associated with logging, shoe-track isolation, equipment longevity and service life, completion and intervention options, and regulatory compliance push the limits of materials and services. The successful completion of HP/HT wells requires advanced materials evaluations, collaboration among many disciplines, and sufficient time for product development and assessment to meet current industry and regulatory standards. The tools used in HP/HT completions are usually developed to meet the demands of a well or a family of wells. These tools include, but are not limited to, wellbore-isolation plugs, production packers, liner hangers, perforating guns, casing-collar-locator (CCL) tools, formation-evaluation tools, seal assemblies, and subsurface safety valves. The methods used for HP/HT tool development are evolving, and the development cycles are lengthening, particularly for ultra-HP/HT applications in which materials screening and stability assessments are required. The development of tools for several recent Gulf of Mexico ultra-HP/HT wells required a multiyear schedule for development to industry and regulatory requirements. Because of their extreme depths, ultra-HP/HT wells are typically constructed architecture emphasizing small production casings across production intervals. This complicates cementing procedures, and severely limits product options. From an intervention standpoint, work-string options also become limited. Achieving mechanical success in these applications requires the operator to manage not only traditional resources such as time, people, and cash, but also the development of new high-performance technologies in an evolving regulatory environment. What can the industry anticipate for future HP/HT wells in terms of architecture, product development, and regulatory challenges? This paper reviews the industry’s history in these areas, identifies current development paradigms, and discusses the future challenges in well planning and product development.

Research of New Driving Motor Power Instrument of Formation Evaluation Tool Hydraulic Pump

In view of existing shortcomings and insufficiency in the current formation test evaluation instrument hydraulic pump drive motor power, this paper designs a new type hydraulic pump drive motor power. This paper first introduces the new hydraulic pump drive motor overall design scheme of power, and then the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the experimental results prove the feasibility and practicability of the new driving motor power instrument.

The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Neonatal Outcomes in Iranian Hospitals: A Review

Context: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a supportive technique that beings at the neonatal period and is one of the skin-to-skin contact methods of holding neonate by mother. This method has an important role in exclusive breastfeeding and thermal care of neonates. This study aimed to investigate the application of KMC and evaluate the effect of this technique in different neonatal outcomes, particularly in Iranian neonates. Moreover, this review can be a tool for formative evaluation for this newly introduced treatment intervention in Iran. Evidence Acquisition: This review was conducted in national and international databases concerning experience with KMC on term and preterm neonates admitted in Iranian hospitals from 2006 to 2014. The measured outcomes included physiologic, psychologic, and clinical effects of this practice on newborn infants. Results: In this study, 42 Persian and English language papers were reviewed and finally 26 articles were selected. Various effects of KMC on different factors such as analgesia; physiological effects, breastfeeding, icterus, length of hospitalization, infection, psychologic effects, and weight gain were found. Conclusions: The results showed that as a simple and suitable strategy for increasing the health status of the mothers and newborns, KMC had an important role in improvement of neonatal outcomes in neonatal wards of Iranian hospitals in recent ten years. Therefore, promoting this technique in all neonatal wards of the country can promote health status of this population.

Family Meeting Behavioral Skills (FMBS) Instrument

1.Describe the use of the FMBS instrument to provide formative and summative evaluation to learners regarding family meeting communication skills. Effective facilitation of family meetings is an essential skill for numerous subspecialty fellowships. Many residents receive limited training in family meeting discussions and feel unprepared when entering their fellowships. The Family Meeting Behavioral Skills (FMBS) instrument was developed to provide both formative feedback and summative assessment for subspecialty fellows. The structure of the instrument is predicated on the importance of trainee-identified learning goals, learner self-assessment, and targeted behaviorally based feedback. To date, there is little published material on the validation of instruments designed specifically to assess competency in the facilitation of family meetings. As part of a larger study, 16 pulmonary/critical care (PCC) fellows were videotaped performing a standardized family meeting at the end of their first year of fellowship. Two communication experts (Psycho-oncology postdoctoral fellows) used the FMBS instrument to evaluate each encounter independently. They coded the number of skills performed, rated the level of performance for each subset of skills, and scored each family meeting using the SECURE communication instrument for comparison. We performed Pearson correlations and Cronbach's Alpha reliabilities to demonstrate evidence of content and construct validity. Intra-Class Correlations (ICC) were performed to evaluate inter-judge reliability. We found internal consistency across the checklist items on the FMBS instrument (α reliability=0.855). Moreover, the number of skills performed (captured by the checklist) and the level of skill (captured by rating the subsets of skills) were strongly correlated (r=+0.827, P<0.01). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the SECURE and the FMBS instrument as a checklist and as a rating scale respectively (0.649 and 0.632, P<0.01). Finally, the FMBS checklist showed better inter-judge reliability (ICC [2,2]=0.571) than the SECURE (ICC [2,2]=0.322) or the FMBS rating scales (ICC [2,2]=0.231). Despite the limited sample size, we found the structure of the FMBS instrument to be consistent with SECURE, another measure of communication. Additionally, these analyses provide evidence for an internally consistent and structurally valid instrument to measure advanced skills in communication during standardized family meetings. Inter-rater reliability was better for the FMBS checklist than the rating scale and SECURE. The FMBS instrument is an effective tool for formative and summative evaluation in the PCC fellowship setting and should be generalizable to other subspecialty fellowships.

Using Benchmark Principles as a Formative Evaluation Strategy to Build a Leadership Development Culture in the Australian Rail Industry

Australian organisations are concerned about the global shortage of leadership talent and the increasing mobility of leaders. At the same time, studies are raising awareness among executives of the need to develop a cohort of leaders for the future. The rail industry is one sector that has been deliberating on how leadership capability can be enhanced by putting aside organisational and/or state differences in favour of a national, harmonised approach to nurture leadership development. At a time when Australian leadership talent is in short supply, this article draws on findings from research involving six major rail organisations working in partnership with universities within an Australian Government Cooperative Research Centre (CRC). The article finds that leadership development programs within the industry are infrequent, undervalued and under-resourced. It highlights the critical importance of gaining executive commitment, and develops a formative evaluation tool of 10 principles and evaluation criteria forming observable, measurable and evidence-based standards that can be appraised at the start of leadership development initiatives and programs and monitored as they unfold. The article illustrates how engaging executives in a ‘formative evaluation’ process before embarking on leadership development initiatives has the potential to promote successful and sustainable programs.

Comparative Analysis Between Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Conventional Examination (CE) As a Formative Evaluation Tool in Pediatrics in Semester Examination for Final MBBS Students

The use of objective structured clinical examination in pediatrics is not common in undergraduate evaluation process. To evaluate the effectiveness of objective structured clinical examination as compare to conventional examination as formative assessment tool in Pediatrics. We conducted a cross sectional comparative study in defined population of 9th semester MBBS students to evaluate the effectiveness of objective structured clinical examination as comparison to conventional examination as formative assessment tool in Pediatrics. We analyzed the perception of objective structured clinical examination among the students. Fifty-two students appeared for the objective structured clinical examination evaluation on the first day and 42 turned up for conventional examination on the next day. The 42 students who turned up for both examinations were asked to respond to the perception evaluation questionnaire. Comparison of the two examination styles showed that students fared better in objective structured clinical examination than in conventional examination both with respect to mean total score (p less than 0.001) as well as mean percentage score. Out of the 42 subjects who appeared in both examinations, all passed in objective structured clinical examination and 35 passed in conventional examination, this difference was significant by McNemar chi-square test (p = 0.016). 73.8% of the students opined in favor of objective structured clinical examination as a better formative assessment tool whereas 9.5% students preferred conventional examination. Objective structured clinical examination a statistically significant better evaluation tool with comparison to conventional examination.

S&amp;T indicators as a tool for formative evaluation of research programs

The aim of this article is to review the potential of Science and Technology (S&amp;T) Indicators for the evaluation of research programs. We suggest that indicators are a useful complement to other evaluation methodologies (surveys, case studies, panels) for summative evaluations, where the focus is on measuring program results and the degree of achievement of program objectives. However, we argue that indicators have a much broader potential to support formative evaluation, where the focus is on learning from past experience in order to design future research programs. Indicators, for example, are a valuable support for debates between social actors concerning strategic choices about research funding. We conclude by suggesting what needs to be done to realize this potential.

Character, Social–Emotional, and Academic Outcomes Among Underachieving Elementary School Students

One purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of a character assessment scale (the Character Assessment for School Age Children; CASAC) based on 6 pillars of character (Josephson Institute, 2009). Many youth development and character education programs utilize some, if not all, of the pillars of character explicitly or implicitly (e.g., Prestwich, 2004), yet few character assessments integrate these components in a comprehensive way (e.g., Character Education Partnership [CEP], 2008). Furthermore, as many of these programs have been utilized to augment academic achievement, emphasis on the importance of formative evaluation has increased (e.g., Berkowitz & Bier, 2004; Zins, Bloodworth, Weissberg, & Walberg, 2004). Hence, a brief assessment of character that is also predictive of academic achievement among underachieving students would be useful as a formative evaluation tool. A second purpose was to examine the significance of character and other social–emotional indexes in predicting academic outcomes among underachieving elementary school students. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 2-dimensional scale. Internal reliability and validity were demonstrated for these CASAC dimensions. Although CASAC dimensions related to academic achievement, the relevance of character and other social-emotional indexes to achievement varied across academic outcomes. The educational implications of the findings for underachieving students were addressed.

Implementing collaborative care for depression treatment in primary care: A cluster randomized evaluation of a quality improvement practice redesign

BackgroundMeta-analyses show collaborative care models (CCMs) with nurse care management are effective for improving primary care for depression. This study aimed to develop CCM approaches that could be sustained and spread within Veterans Affairs (VA). Evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) uses QI approaches within a research/clinical partnership to redesign care. The study used EBQI methods for CCM redesign, tested the effectiveness of the locally adapted model as implemented, and assessed the contextual factors shaping intervention effectiveness.MethodsThe study intervention is EBQI as applied to CCM implementation. The study uses a cluster randomized design as a formative evaluation tool to test and improve the effectiveness of the redesign process, with seven intervention and three non-intervention VA primary care practices in five different states. The primary study outcome is patient antidepressant use. The context evaluation is descriptive and uses subgroup analysis. The primary context evaluation measure is naturalistic primary care clinician (PCC) predilection to adopt CCM.For the randomized evaluation, trained telephone research interviewers enrolled consecutive primary care patients with major depression in the evaluation, referred enrolled patients in intervention practices to the implemented CCM, and re-surveyed at seven months.ResultsInterviewers enrolled 288 CCM site and 258 non-CCM site patients. Enrolled intervention site patients were more likely to receive appropriate antidepressant care (66% versus 43%, p = 0.01), but showed no significant difference in symptom improvement compared to usual care. In terms of context, only 40% of enrolled patients received complete care management per protocol. PCC predilection to adopt CCM had substantial effects on patient participation, with patients belonging to early adopter clinicians completing adequate care manager follow-up significantly more often than patients of clinicians with low predilection to adopt CCM (74% versus 48%%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsDepression CCM designed and implemented by primary care practices using EBQI improved antidepressant initiation. Combining QI methods with a randomized evaluation proved challenging, but enabled new insights into the process of translating research-based CCM into practice. Future research on the effects of PCC attitudes and skills on CCM results, as well as on enhancing the link between improved antidepressant use and symptom outcomes, is needed.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00105820

A Method to Enhance Student Teams in Palliative Care: Piloting the McMaster-Ottawa Team Observed Structured Clinical Encounter

The need for palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC) education in prelicensure education has been identified. PEOLC requires effective collaborative teamwork. The competencies required for effective collaborative teamwork are only now emerging and methods to evaluate them must be developed. The adaptation of the traditional Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for assessment of a student team addressing palliative care issues was undertaken. The McMaster-Ottawa Team Observed Structured Clinical Encounter (TOSCE) is intended as a formative evaluation tool for both competencies in interprofessional collaboration for patient-centered practice and PEOLC. Three stations based on palliative care scenarios were developed. From January 2007 to January 2008, a total of 141 students and 38 observers participated in the evaluation of three stations, with 6-7 students per group and two observers per station. Observers completed checklists for both PEOLC and interprofessional collaborative competencies and, after completing the TOSCEs, students and observers completed questionnaires on their feasibility and acceptability. Eighty-nine percent of the students and 44% of the observers were from medicine. Students and observers found the TOSCE to be an acceptable and feasible assessment tool for both sets of competencies. Reliability and validity data show that the items in both the clinical and interprofessional checklists fit well together, and interrater reliability is readily achieved. The new formative evaluation TOSCE tool, adapted from the traditional OSCE, was acceptable and feasible to students and observers.

The design and development of courseware for MCA students through LMS

The primary objective of this paper is to unveil the specific problems noticed in the quality of the MCA students emerging out of Anna University affiliated colleges and to suggest a research work which may lead to a collective feasible solution for these problems. MCA students enter the professional PG course in computer applications after their UG degree from different arts and science disciplines with just ancillary level mathematics background. So, the course faces heterogeneous entry behaviour. Also due to the advent of more engineering and arts colleges offering MCA, students exhibit a heterogeneous behaviour in their motivation levels, communication skills, logical and reasoning aptitude and computer software skills. But the requirement is to enable them with good academic performance with scope of employability. Employability skills include communication skills, logical aptitude, programming logic, computer-software-based technical skills and so on. Learning management system (LMS) is a software through which students can access the course, enroll, attend and write formative quiz-type exams to assignments and can participate in forums to share their ideas through online. While participating in a forum or quiz or writing to a blog, students with less confidence are able to overcome their inhibition and communicate freely. This is the first step of growth in communication skills which subsequently help them to gain better technical skills. The current research proposes to design, develop and deliver a part of a computer science courseware for 'Object oriented programming with Java' through the Open source LMS Moodle. The design of courseware includes the lecture session of the course, lecture notes, corresponding formative evaluation questions like quiz and other evaluation methods like forum and assignments. Installing an LMS and making the students attend the classes through that media is a matter of hesitation in many of the Indian Universities. Though Open source LMSs like Moodle and Sakai are available and proved good, initial efforts have to be put up not only by the faculty members for content and formative evaluation tool development but also by the administration. Administration has to support the project financially, in gaining the necessary infrastructure and for the internet connectivity throughout the learning period. But, weighing the benefits and limitations of LMS, we understand that for the better future of the students in the national and international level, in the long run LMS-based education will serve the best. A research project to justify the advantages and disadvantages quantifying the various aspects is planned. This paper also suggests that if at least one of the pre-final semester papers is offered through an open-source LMS, the students, institution and the nation will be benefitted.

Upgrading Formation-Evaluation Electronics for High-Temperature Drilling Environments

Technology Update Globally, increasing amounts of hydrocarbon resources are being found in fields that have very high thermal gradients. (It gets hot very quickly as you move downward.) On the drilling side, challenging, high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells customarily have been drilled with the simplest of tools, such as turbines and mud motors, which have minimal electronics and make no measurements. Logging-while-drilling tools, which do contain electronics and require electrical power to operate, have not been used thus far in these wells. Most formation-evaluation tools have lots of electronic components, and so initially couldn’t be used in HP/HT wells. However, these wells are often located offshore, where high rig rates force operators to look for all possible means to increase drilling efficiency and optimize wellbore placement for maximum production. Meeting HT Challenges The main challenges in these environments are preventing the electronics from becoming damaged, maintaining measurement accuracy and precision, and generating or supplying the regulated power to the electronics reliably over the duration of the drilling effort. Several parallel technologies have been developed over the past 5 to 6 years that can be used on their own or in combination to address these issues. The technology developments have concentrated on three main themes: HT electronics and the operating environment, new sensor technologies and measurement methodologies to improve accuracy and precision, and active cooling. In this connection, a 2-year project to develop measurement-while-drilling tools that can record and transmit data at temperatures of 230°C—running for 14 days continuously—has been initiated by Halliburton. The purpose of this project was to finalize some of the ongoing developments in high-temperature electronics and sensor technologies and package them into a tool capable of performing in this environment. In considering the operating life of electronics, one of the main issues in HT environments is the increased rate of chemical reactions that cause the electronics to fail. In 1889, Svante Arrhenius documented the fact that chemical reactions require activation energy to proceed. The Arrhenius equation provides the quantitative relationship between temperature and the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs. This relationship is important for our industry because it governs many of the failure mechanisms for downhole electronics. The rate of chemical reactions is defined by the equation K=Ae–Ea/RT, which documents the exponential relationship between rate (K) and temperature (T). Ea is the activation energy for a particular process, and this value can be changed (by adding catalyst or inhibitor). Ae (pre-exponential factor) and R (gas constant) are empirically derived constants. Many reactions double their rate every 10°C.

Rubric Evaluation of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows

To develop and validate a rubric assessment instrument for use by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) faculty to evaluate PEM fellows and for fellows to use to self-assess. This is a prospective study at a PEM fellowship program. The assessment instrument was developed through a multistep process: (1) development of rubric format items, scaled on the modified Dreyfus model proficiency levels, corresponding to the 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies; (2) determination of content and construct validity of the items through structured input and item refinement by subject matter experts and focus group review; (3) collection of data using a 61-item form; (4) evaluation of psychometrics; (5) selection of items for use in the final instrument. A total of 261 evaluations were collected from 2006 to 2007; exploratory factor analysis yielded 5 factors with Eigenvalues >1.0; each contained ≥4 items, with factor loadings >0.4 corresponding with the following competencies: (1) medical knowledge and practice-based learning and improvement, (2) patient care and systems-based practice, (3) interpersonal skills, (4) communication skills, and (5) professionalism. Cronbach α for the final 53-item instrument was 0.989. There was also significant responsiveness of the tool to the year of training. A substantively and statistically validated rubric evaluation of PEM fellows is a reliable tool for formative and summative evaluation.

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) revisited

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was introduced in 1975 as a standardized tool for objectively assessing clinical competencies - including history-taking, physical examination, communication skills, data interpretation etc. It consists of a circuit of stations connected in series, with each station devoted to assessment of a particular competency using pre-determined guidelines or checklists. OSCE has been used as a tool for both formative and summative evaluation of medical graduate and postgraduate students across the globe. The use of OSCE for formative assessment has great potential as the learners can gain insights into the elements making up clinical competencies as well as feedback on personal strengths and weaknesses. However, the success of OSCE is dependent on adequacy of resources, including the number of stations, construction of stations, method of scoring (checklists and or global scoring), the number of students assessed, and adequate time and money. Lately, OSCE has drawn some criticism for its lack of validity, feasibility, practicality, and objectivity. There is evidence to show that many OSCEs may be too short to achieve reliable results. There are also currently no clear cut standards set for passing an OSCE. It is perceived that OSCEs test the students knowledge and skills in a compartmentalized fashion, rather than looking at the patient as a whole. This article focuses on the issues of validity, objectivity, reliability, and standard setting of OSCE. Presently, the Indian experiences with OSCE are limited and there is a need to sensitise the Indian faculty and students. A cautious approach is desired before it is considered as a supplementary tool to other methods of assessment for the summative examinations in Indian settings.

Student Evaluation of Teaching: A Case Study from School of Medicine (UNZA)

Purpose: This paper presents a case study of an academic department’s experience with evaluation. The purpose is to review the impact of student evaluation of teaching. The paper also introduces a new evaluation scoring method: the University of Zambia Staff Appraisal System (UNZASAS) method. Method: Anonymous 5-point Likert scale evaluation rating forms were administered to 134 third-year medical students in two consecutive years to measure students’ perceptions of teaching quality of four faculty members in an academic department at School of Medicine. The rating forms were scored using the UNZASAS method. Results: The response rate averaged 83%. The group average lecturer rating improved from 120 to 141.5. Individual performance of three lecturers improved while that of one declined. The UNZASAS method was effective in summarizing data to identify the areas of weakness and strength in the faculty members. The specificity and sensitivity of this method were fundamental to its success as a diagnostic tool for formative evaluation of teaching quality. Conclusions & Implications: The quality of teaching in the academic department improved after evaluation of teaching was introduced. The UNZASAS method proved to be an effective tool for scoring evaluation data and for providing faculty with useful and specific formative feedback. Health professionals training institutions can consider using the UNZASAS method for their evaluation of teaching contribution by educators.

Formative Evaluation Alternatives

Traditional formative evaluation methods and tools have a documented history of successful use. Expert, one-to-one, small group, and field-test methods have been used for decades. However, changes in design practice, technology, and lately, in theory, have resulted in alternative evaluation methods that are not as well-known in current design literature. These methods can be used to complement or replace traditional evaluation methods in a formative evaluation project. Some of these alternative methods use different groupings of experts or learners, while others use different evaluation questions or technologies. This article explains each of these formative evaluation alternatives and outlines their advantages, disadvantages, and applicable contexts.

The formation evaluation tool and its application in offshore China

The Formation Evaluation Tool (FET) introduced in the paper represents a new generation of formation evaluation systems developed and manufactured by China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL), CNOOC, using a FET technology transfer from Crocker Research, Australia. The system has been applied successfully in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. For instance, a multilayered oil and water system has been confirmed with the aid of accurate formation pressure tests, even in very thin beds and edge water reservoirs, overcoming the difficulty of determining this kind of oil-water and gas-water contacts. Moreover, the FET pumping and real-time fluid monitoring function allows acquiring a true sample of formation fluid unpolluted by drilling mud which plays an important role in determining the fluid properties of the target stratum and analyzing the fluid component. The principles and purpose of the Formation Evaluation Tool (FET) will be briefly introduced and successful examples of the application of the technology will be described in detail in this paper.

Formative evaluation in health education

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of a simplified version of cognitive response analysis (CRA) as a formative evaluation tool for health education materials developed for small, unfunded projects.Design/methodology/approach – A group of women (n=15), aged between 25 and 50 years, provided cognitive responses (CRs) that communicated their ongoing thoughts after viewing each slide in a narrated, online slide presentation that focused on nutrient content claims. Participants were assigned in a systematic random fashion to one of three CRA variations. In all three variations, participants simultaneously saw a slide and heard its narration and then provided their CRs while still viewing the slide. In Variation 1, a researcher wrote participants' CRs on a log sheet (n=5). Variation 2 participants' audiotaped their CRs which were later transcribed by a researcher (n=5). Variation 3 participants wrote their CRs on a log sheet. To assess the quality and usefulness of the CRs generat...

Integrated Approach To Develop Shaly, Interbedded Sandstone Reservoirs in Greater Burgan Field

Abstract The Greater Burgan Field of Kuwait has been producing for 57 years. The massive sandstone reservoirs have contributed the bulk of oil production. Large reserves are situated in interbedded sandstone reservoirs and will play a critical role in future Greater Burgan development. The current challenge is how to develop these reservoirs that have high uncertainty in net pay. In the recent past, several wells were completed in the interbedded sandstone sequences and no flow was reported. As a result, a review of log, core, fluid, well tests, PLT, pressure data, and the method of net pay determination has been done. The team's objective has been to develop an integrated understanding of the net pay intervals that can contribute to flow at a given API, viscosity, depth, and reservoir pressure. It is assumed that artificial lift may be available, and that drilling, workover, and completion practices do not result in any permeability or perforation damage. A conceptual model has been set up to study all the related parameters and to prove what contributes to making the well flow. Our simulation model includes vertical lift performance for the tubing size, the depth of the reservoir, and the hydrocarbon properties. The model has been calibrated using log, core, PLT, and well test data. This paper represents the details of the integrated study made to redefine net pay by improving and incorporating static and dynamic data. The objective is to guide the well completion strategy for interbedded sandstone reservoirs and reduce the uncertainty of remaining oil in place and reserves. The proposed methodology will influence future investments in infill wells, artificial lift, and improved oil recovery methods. Background The Greater Burgan Field of Kuwait has been in production from the upper Cretaceous Wara and Burgan formations. The bulk of the production has been comprised from the generally massive Third Sand Middle and Fourth Sand members of the Burgan formation. Other reservoirs such as Wara, Third Sand Upper, and Third Sand Lower members are primarily interbedded sand and shale reservoirs. These reservoirs have been deposited under various sedimentary systems typical of a delta plain environment. Some of the examples are distributory channel fills, interdistributory bays, overbank splays, bay fills, distributory mouth bars, delta front, and prodelta deposits. This diverse setting explains the complex heterogeneous nature of these reservoirs in the Greater Burgan Field. Formation Evaluation The development of the Greater Burgan Field has taken place over more than five decades; the petrophysical data demonstrate the evolution of formation evaluation tools and technology. The petrophysical data of the field consists of a wide range of different vintages and quality of data. It includes one of the first ever "electric logs." Petrophysicists have been consolidating, validating, and normalizing these data to ensure reliability and consistency of formation evaluation. Shale Volume Determination Shale volume (Vsh) has been of prime importance in developing an understanding of quality of pay. Vsh curves were calculated mainly on the basis of gamma ray (GR) and spontaneous potential (SP) data.