Formation Of Urinary Calculi Research Articles

Urolithiasis and its Interplay with the Urinary Microbiome: A Comprehensive Exploration

Urolithiasis, the formation of urinary calculi, remains a prevalent and clinically significant urological disorder worldwide. Despite extensive research, the etiology of urolithiasis remains multifactorial and not entirely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the urinary microbiome, previously considered sterile, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of urolithiasis. This article delves into the intricate relationship between urolithiasis and the urinary microbiome, elucidating the key microbial players, their potential mechanisms of action, and the clinical implications of this association. We explore recent advancements in metagenomics, metabolomics, and microbial profiling techniques that have revolutionized our understanding of the urinary microbiome in urolithiasis. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between urolithiasis and the urinary microbiome holds promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the prevention and management of this debilitating condition.

Association of formation of urinary calculi with blood lipid levels.

We aimed to analyze the composition of urinary calculi and its correlations with blood lipids such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C), and high-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol (HDL -C). Three hundred patients with urinary calculi treated from January 2020 to July 2021 were selected retrospectively into a urinary calculi group, while three hundred healthy individuals who received physical examina-tion in our hospital during the same period were enrolled in a control group. Us-ing the Spearman correlation analysis, we investigated the correlation between the composition of urinary calculi and dyslipidemia and explored the factors affecting urinary calculi through multivariate logistic regression analysis.The serum levels of TG and TC were significantly higher (p<0.05), the serum HDL -C level was significantly lower (p<0.05), while the serum LDL -C level displayed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the urinary calculi group compared with those in the control group. The proportion of uric acid calculi was significantly higher in urinary calculi patients with dyslipidemia than that in those with normal blood lipids (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the proportions of infectious calculi and calcium calculi between urinary calculi patients with dyslipidemia and those with normal blood lipids (p>0.05). Dyslipidemia was positively correlated with uric acid calculi (p<0.05) but not associated with infectious calculi or calcium calculi (p>0.05). TG was a risk factor for urinary calculi (p<0.05). The formation of urinary calculi is closely associated with blood lipid levels. Dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceride-mia, can easily induce the formation of uric acid calculi.

Consideration of Comparing Empirical and Evidence-Based Knowledge on Nephrology in the Example of Ahi Çelebi's Fifteenth Century Turkish Treatise on the Urinary Calculus.

The objective of the study is to discuss the question, "how did physicians come to grasp some facts in the absence of scientific experimentation and medical technology?" within the framework of examples from Ahı? Ahmed Çelebi's fifteenth century Turkish treatise on the urinary calculus. Çelebi's monograph on the urinary calculus in the kidneys and the bladder written in Turkish in Arabic alphabet is transliterated and studied within the framework of the medical theory of the period. The sample information for this study was randomly chosen. Examples of epidemiological information, diets against urinary calculus formation, diagnoses of kidney and urinary bladder calculi, and symptomatic therapies noted in Çelebi's treatise are discussed, with results briefly compared with today's data. The study of Çelebi's treatise shows that it was possible to reach some medical facts with the methods of the period.

Does the mineral content of tap water correlate with urinary calculus composition?

The association between the mineral content of drinking water and urolithiasis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the mineral composition of tap water correlates with urinary calculus composition. Patients with calculi that underwent biochemical analysis at two urological centres in the North-West of England between November 2015 and December 2020 were included. Calculus composition was reviewed with respect to patient demographics, serum biochemical variables, and water mineral composition data obtained from the local water supply company using patient postcodes. 1711 urinary tract calculi from 1518 patients, living in 87 water supply zones were included. Water sodium concentration was an independent predictor of mixed calcium oxalate/uric acid calculi (OR 1.157, p < 0.001) and a negative independent predictor of calcium oxalate monohydrate (OR 0.896, p = 0.001) and dihydrate (OR 0.742, p = 0.034) calculi. Moreover, the magnesium-to-calcium ratio of tap water was a negative independent predictor of calcium oxalate monohydrate calculi (OR < 0.001, p = < 0.001), while tap water magnesium concentration inversely correlated with the percentage of calcium oxalate within calculi (rs = -0.054, p = 0.026). Total water hardness did not independently predict calculus type. Many factors are implicated in the formation of urinary calculi. This study is the first to assess calculus composition in relation to tap water mineral content using postcode data on a case-by-case basis. Though total water hardness did not independently predict calculus composition, the interesting findings relating to water sodium and magnesium concentrations are in need of closer scrutiny in larger scale studies.

A Clinical Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Cap Ashma: 6 Hypothetical and Varunadi Kashya in the Management of Mootra Ashmari w.s.r.to Urolithiasis: A Research Article

Abstract: Mutrasmari is one of the most common urinary disorders . Acharya Susruta , the pioneer in the art and science of surgery has described widely and comprehensively About Mutrasmari along with its classification , symptomatology , etiology , pathology , complications and its management.³ Formation of urinary calculi is described in Ayurvedika scriptures Mutrasmari . The diagnostic part in case of calculi by ancient Acharya seems to be true even at present . Formation ofMutrasmari , according to Susruta , is due to SrotoVaigunya resulting from DusitaKapha localized in Basti , in conjunction with PradusitaVata and Pitta . Mootraashmari or urinary stone is a most painful &amp; common disease in our country &amp; pain due to kidney stone is known as worse condition than that of labour pain It is the third most common disease of the urinary tract . Mootraashmari is very high incidence occurring due to the high mineral content of water and hot climate. Key points: Asmari, Ashma -6 , Varunadi kashya,

A Case Report of a Self-Inserted Foreign Body in the Urethra/Bladder Causing Urinary Calculus Formation

A Case Report of a Self-Inserted Foreign Body in the Urethra/Bladder Causing Urinary Calculus Formation

Bisphosphonate Use May Reduce the Risk of Urolithiasis in Astronauts on Long-Term Spaceflights.

ABSTRACTLong‐duration spaceflight is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis, and the pain caused by urinary calculi could result in loss of human performance and mission objectives. The present study investigated the risk of urolithiasis in astronauts during 6 months on the International Space Station, and evaluated whether the suppression of bone resorption by the bisphosphonate, alendronate (ALN), can reduce the risk. A total of 17 astronauts were included into the analysis: exercise using the advanced resistive exercise device (ARED) plus weekly oral 70 mg alendronate (ARED+ALN group, n = 7) was compared to resistive exercise alone (ARED group, n = 10). Urine volume decreased in both groups during spaceflight but recovered after return. The ARED group showed increased urinary calcium excretion from the 15th to 30th day of spaceflight, whereas urinary calcium was slightly decreased in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary N‐terminal telopeptide (NTX) and helical peptide (HP) of type I collagen, as bone resorption markers, were elevated in the ARED group during and until 0 days after spaceflight, while there was no elevation in these parameters in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary oxalate and uric acid excretion tended to be higher in the ARED group than in the ARED+ALN group during spaceflight. These results demonstrate that astronauts on long‐duration spaceflights may be at high risk for the formation of urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones through increased urinary excretion of oxalate and uric acid, from degraded type I collagen, as well as of calcium from enhanced bone resorption. Our findings suggest that increased bone resorption during spaceflight, as a risk factor for urinary calculus formation, could be effectively prevented by an inhibitor of bone resorption. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Effect of magnesium ammonium phosphate on the expression of adhesion molecules in sheep renal tubular epithelial cells

Adhesion molecules play an important role in urinary calculus formation. The expressions of adhesion molecules in renal tubular has been reported in some animals. However, the role of adhesion molecules in the process of sheep urinary calculus formation is still unclear. The magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is the main component of sheep urinary calculus. In this paper, the sheep renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were isolated and treated with MAP, the expressions of osteopontin (OPN), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and apoptosis-related indicators caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in RTECs were observed, the viability of RTECs was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8).The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expressions of inflammatory factors Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). The histopathological observation of kidney in urolithiasis sheep was made. The results showed that MAP could reduce the viability and SOD activity, enhance the activity of MDA significantly and promote the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α of RTECs. By western blot and qPCR methods, the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and OPN increased in 48 h. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 increased significantly and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax reduced with exposure to MAP. The renal tissue structure was seriously damaged, the RTECs in urolithiasis sheep were degenerative and necrotic.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of stone composition: a single-center retrospective study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of stone components in patients with urolithiasis and analyze the associations between stone components with patients' clinical characteristics. A total of 7126 patients with urolithiasis between July 2005 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. In this research, calcium oxalate stones (74.6%) accounted for the highest proportion, followed by infection stones (11.8%), uric acid (10.6%), brushite (2.0%), and others (1.1%). The change in trend in the composition of urinary stones revealed that the proportion of uric acid declined steadily, while the content of infection stones increased gradually over 15years. The results also suggested that stone composition was significantly associated with PM2.5, gender, age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, CCVD, alcohol consumption, albumin, creatinine, WBCHP, leukocyte, urine pH, nitrite and urine culture (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between stone composition with smoking, WBC and NEU% (P > 0.05). Our study concluded that calcium oxalate represented the highest proportion, followed by infection stones, uric acid, brushite, and others. The proportion of uric acid declined steadily, while the infection stones increased gradually. Furthermore, the factors influencing the formation of urinary calculi are PM2.5, gender, age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, CCVD, alcohol consumption, albumin, creatinine, WBCHP, leukocyte, urine pH, nitrite and urine culture. Collectively, these results may provide clues to establish effective prevention and management strategies for urinary calculi.

Geoenvironmental controls on the formation of human urinary calculi: a case study from Jordan

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the prevalence of urinary stones disease among the inhabitants of selected regions in northern Jordan and to trace the extent of their link with the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the area in addition to geoenvironmental factors and some certain dietary habits. By comparing the disease spread in the studied areas, results showed that the elevated areas (Irbid and Amman) are the most affected regions with the disease. One hundred and thirty water samples collected from 15 wells were distributed across the three studied regions to identify urinary stone patients among individuals. All samples were analyzed for percentages of cations and anions to assess water quality. Anions are distributed in the following order: HCO3− >Cl− >SO42− >NO3− >F− >PO43−, while the cations are distributed as follows: Ca2+ >Mg2+ >Na+ >K+ >Fe2+. The hydrogeochemical analysis results for the three regions compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The significant difference in the values of TDS, TH, Cl−, NO3−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ is p < 0.05 compared with water quality in the regions of Amman–Mafraq and Irbid–Mafraq. Depending on Gibbs’ diagram and the factor analysis, elements ratio plots strongly suggest that the source of chemical ions in the groundwater is the interaction of water with carbonate rocks. Therefore, this study confirms the strong relationship between urinary stones formation and the geochemistry of drinking water during the high calcium content and increase of the water hardness used by the residents of the study areas. The effect of temperature on the formation of urinary stones was observed through the direct correlation with the amount of water consumed by individuals. In winter, the daily water intake decreases, which leads to an increase in the concentration of Ca, Na, and P ions in the bladder. The high temperature in the summer increases the dehydration process in the body, which increases the concentration of calcium and other ions to create an opportunity for urine stones to form.

Role of Osteoprotegerin as Novel Marker in Urinary Stone Formers: A Pilot Study

Background: Urinary tract calculus formation can be prevented by identifying molecules and metabolic disturbances that affect this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine of the TNF receptor superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate vascular calcification and intimal calcification. Endothelial injury and oxidative stress are known to play a role in urolithiasis in the form of Randall’s plaques. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare 24-h urinary and serum OPG levels of patients with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 24-h urinary levels of OPG (pg/mL), serum levels of OPG (pg/mL), and creatinine (mg/dL) were measured in both groups. Urinary and serum levels of OPG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using human OPG kits. Results: Mean serum creatinine was 0.86 ± 0.21 mg/dL in the case group and 0.77± 0.16 mg/dL in controls. The difference in the mean serum OPG levels between the cases (227.13 ± 98.02 pg/mL) and controls (47.28 ± 29.61 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value &lt; 0.0001). The difference in the mean 24-h urinary OPG levels between the cases (156.12 ± 174.31 pg/mL) and controls (9.32 ± 23.72 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There were significantly higher levels of OPG in serum and 24-h urine samples of cases than in controls. Hence, it requires further large studies to make OPG a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Preliminary Evaluation of Nanobacteria on Crystal Retention, CaSR, and Claudin‐14 Expression in HK‐2 Cells

To evaluate cell morphology, crystal adhesion, cell damage, Calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR), and Claudin protein‐14 (Claudin‐14) expression at different time intervals and explore the role of nanobacteria in the formation of urinary calculi. In this experiment, HK‐2 cells were cocultured with nanobacteria (NB) in the absence or presence of tetracycline (Tet). Cells treated with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals were used as a positive control of urinary stone‐induced cell damage. After which, cell morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin staining in comparison to untreated HK‐2 cells (negative control). Use different methods to assess cell damage, crystal adhesion, and protein expression. (The degree of cell damage, crystal adhesion, and protein expression were evaluated by various methods). It was found that the degree of cell damage observed in Tet + NB‐treated cells was significantly lower than that in NB‐treated cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was higher in COM‐exposed than in control cells (P &lt; 0.05). However, LDH release from both NB‐ and Tet + NB‐treated cells was significantly lower than from COM‐treated cells (P &lt; 0.05). The relative expression of CaSR and Claudin‐14 proteins was higher in NB, COM, and TET + NB cells than in control cells (P &lt; 0.001) and was lower in Tet + NB than in NB cells (P &lt; 0.01). And P &lt; 0.05 means that the difference was statistically significant, and P &lt; 0.001 means that there was a significant difference between the both things. From the cell morphology, the cell damage in the COM group was greater than that in the NB group, and the cell damage markers in the COM group and the NB group were elevated. NB caused damage to HK‐2 cells by inducing lipid peroxidation, and the degree of damage was increased in processing time. The adhesion of HK‐2 cells to COM crystals increased after injury and was proportional to the duration of NB coculture. NB upregulated the expression of CaSR and Claudin‐14 in HK‐2 cells.

Aggregation of Nanochemical Microcrystals in Urine Promotes the Formation of Urinary Calculi

With the increasing incidence and recurrence rate of urinary calculi, urinary calculi have become a serious health risk, and the research on urinary calculi has become the focus of public attention. At present, the research results on the formation mechanism of urinary calculi are not ideal, and there is no unified conclusion. In order to further study the influencing factors of the formation of urinary calculi and provide new ideas for the prevention and clinical treatment of urinary calculi, the influence of agglomeration of nanochemical microcrystals in urine on urinary calculi was studied in this paper. In this study, fresh morning urine was collected from 10 urological stone patients and 10 healthy controls without urological stone in the urology department of a hospital. After processing the experimental specimens, we first use flame atomic absorption spectrometry and alcian blue colorimetric method to detect the content of Ca2+ and citrate in the urine and then use the nanoparticle size analyzer to detect the microcrystals in the urine. Diameter, distribution, degree of aggregation and potential, and finally HRTEM observation to observe the morphology, chemical composition, and element composition of the nanocrystals. The results showed that the content of Ca2+ and lemon hydrochloric acid in the urine of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The particle size of the nanocrystals increased with the increase in the pore size of the membrane. The average particle size of the experimental group increased gradually from 163 ± 31 nm to 3219 ± 863 nm, while the average particle size of the control group increased from 183 ± 65 nm to 997 ± 522 nm. The mean value of the potential decreased with the increase in the pore size of the filter membrane. The change amplitude of the experimental group was 6.57 mV, while the change amplitude of the control group was only 1.75 mV. In the composition of nanocrystals, element O accounts for the most, accounting for 42.54% of all elements. This indicates that the aggregation of nanocrystals in urine will lead to the rapid increase in the size of nanocrystals, which will eventually lead to the formation of stones.

Successful management of hair follicles following urethroplasty with holmium:YAG laser epilation: A case report

A 27-year-old male presented with recurrent urinary tract infections, calculus formation and hair follicles in urine following urethroplasty. The patient was treated with urethroscopic holmium laser in 2012, which was performed by Beiko for the first time in the literature to remove stones and epilate hair follicles. At 3-month, 3-year and 6-year follow-ups, the patient was symptom and infection-free. Urethrocystoscopy was performed in the 6-year follow-up, and no stone formation was observed. There were only a few hair follicles that were too short to require re-surgery. Urethral hair follicles and stone formation are uncommon long term complications following urethroplasty. Endoscopic holmium laser hair epilation is a rarely performed treatment option for hair follicles and urethral stone. Holmium:YAG laser epilation may be an alternative, minimally invasive treatment option with successful long term outcomes.

Correlation analysis between urinary system stone formation and dietary factors in Hainan province

Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary calculi formation and dietary factors in Hainan province. Methods From March 2017 to June 2018, 100 patients with urinary calculi in the hospital were selected as the observation group, and 100 non-calculus patients admitted to the hospital were selected as a control group. Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the dietary structure of the subjects and to analyze the correlation with the occurrence of stones. Results Univariate analysis showed that patients with stones and non-calculus patients had sweets. The frequency, sea fish diet, old fire soup, beverage and other dietary habits were significantly different (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that sea fish diet, sweets, old soup, and beverage were the main risk factors for urinary stones (P< 0.05). Conclusions There is a certain correlation between urinary calculi and dietary factors in Hainan province. It is necessary to pay attention to dietary balance and increase the amount of exercise in time to reduce the risk of urinary calculi. Key words: Urinary Calculi; Diet; HAINAN

Interactive effect of nitrogen nutrition, nitrate reduction and seasonal variation on oxalate synthesis in leaves of Napier-bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum)

Oxalate may cause hypocalcaemia or formation of urinary calculi in animals with prolonged grazing of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) × pearl millet (bajra, P. glaucum) hybrid (NBH). We investigated the influence of nitrate metabolism, nitrogen (N) nutrition, N forms and seasonal variation on oxalate accumulation in leaves of NBH in a field experiment in Ludhiana, India. The experiment was a randomised block design with three N sources (nitrate, amide and ammonium), three application rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), four seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter) and three replicates. Applied N nutrition induced oxalate synthesis and activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymes. A positive association of N nutrition with both oxalate accumulation and nitrate-reducing enzymes was found. Nitrate-N increased oxalate accumulation and NiR activity more than ammonium and amide. A differential effect of seasons on NR and NiR activities, as well as on oxalate accumulation, was observed. Among different harvest seasons, NR and NiR activities were positively associated with oxalate accumulation in summer and the monsoon season. These results suggest that N fertilisation, particularly in nitrate form, is associated with upregulation of nitrate-reducing enzymes, leading to oxalate accumulation in NBH leaves.

E-cadherin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to urolithiasis in Iraqi children.

This case/control study aimed to assess the impact of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of CDH1 gene (-160C>A and -347G>GA) on urinary stone formation in a sample of Iraqi children. Forty-seven children with urolithiasis and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and direct sequencing was used for genotyping. The homozygous genotype of the SNP CHD1 -160C>A was more frequent in control than cases (18% vs. 6.38%) with significant difference (OR = 0.229, 95%CI = 0.056-0.943, P = 0.041). Furthermore, cases showed significantly less frequency of the mutant allele (allele A) of this SNP (OR = 0.403, 95%C = 0.210-0.776, P = 0.007). These results strongly indicate a protective role of allele A of the SNP CHD1 -160C>A against urinary calculi formation in children.

Risk Factors and Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in the Azorean Population (São Miguel Island - Portugal): A Preliminary Study

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. However, the main risk factors and chemical composition of urinary stones in the population of the Azores are unknown. The objective of this study was to define the most important factors associated with the formation of urinary calculi, investigating eating habits, family history and chemical composition of the calculi in the population of the Azores.&#x0D; Methods: The data were collected from 46 patients of the Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo and 48 healthy volunteers. A questionnaire was recorded on the medical and family history of the participants and on their life habits. The chemical composition of the calculi was evaluated by ICP-MS.&#x0D; Results: It was observed that the study group has a higher prevalence of diabetes and cases of urinary calculi in the family compared to the reference group. A positive correlation was found between calcium in the stones and the contents of sodium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and strontium.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study reveals that family history, diabetes and water consumption play an important role in the development of urinary calculi in the population of the Azores. The chemical content of the stones should also be considered since these data could help the medical community to understand the causes of urinary stone formation and adapt the medication and preventive measures to the patient and to the type of kidney stone produced.

In Adult Dogs, Does Feeding a Raw Food Diet Increase the Risk of Urinary Calculi Formation Compared to Feeding a Complete Dry Kibble Diet?

&lt;strong&gt;PICO question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;In adult dogs, does feeding a raw food diet alter urine composition compared to a kibble diet?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical bottom line&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The evidence provided by the single study identified is weak and the outcomes can neither support nor challenge the hypothesis that a raw food diet increases the risk of urinary calculi compared to a kibble diet. Therefore, professionals working within the veterinary science or nutrition field should proceed with caution when advising clients and rely on their professional experience until more evidence is generated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /&gt; &lt;img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" /&gt;

Lunar Phases and Emergency Department Visits for Renal Colic Due to Ureteral Calculus.

BackgroundUrolithiasis affects an estimated 5% of the population and the lifetime risk of passing a stone in the urinary tract is estimated to be 8–10%. Urinary calculus formation is highly variable and while certain risk factors such as age, gender, seasonality, anatomic abnormality, and metabolic diseases have been identified, not much is known regarding the association of environmental factors such as lunar phases on renal colic. We conducted a retrospective study to test the hypothesis that full moon phase is an environmental factor associated for increased emergency department (ED) visits for renal colic due to ureteral calculus.MethodsWe analyzed 559 renal colic diagnoses by the ED at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in a 24-month period and compared them with corresponding lunar phases as well as supermoon events. The lunar phases were defined as full moon ± two days, new moon ± two days, and the days in-between as normal days according to the lunar calendar. Supermoon event dates were obtained from NASA.Results90 cases (16.1%) were diagnosed during full moon phase, 89 cases (15.9%) were diagnosed during new moon phase, and 380 cases (68.0%) were diagnosed during normal days. The incidence of renal colic showed no statistically significant association with lunar phases or supermoon events.ConclusionIn this retrospective longitudinal study with adequate power, neither full moon phase nor supermoon event exhibited an association with increased renal colic diagnoses due to ureteral calculus by the ED at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.