Formation Of United Territorial Communities Research Articles

Сучасний стан, юридичні аспекти діяльності, проблеми розвитку об’єднаних територіальних громад та шляхи їх вирішення

The article analyzes the dynamics of formation of united territorial communities in the context of orientation of the national economy to foreign experience. It is proved that united territorial communities are the basis for forming a new policy of sustainable development of the territories of Ukraine. After the completion of the meeting, it was reinstated, but for the rest of the fate, the lawmakers and normative acts were taken, as well as the regulation of the problem of nutrition, the process of formulating and developing effective, strained territorial communities. The problems of development of united territorial communities are considered and the ways of their solution are determined. The experience of finding and raising funds for socio-economic development has been studied. Measures that are expedient to be undertaken by communities to in-crease the investment attractiveness of the territory are justified.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГО РОЗСЕЛЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ХЕРСОНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence and connection of the settlement system on the parameters of the decentralization process. The article used such methods as analysis, generalization, systematization, the method of analysis of interconnections and interdependencies, comparative-geographical, and mathematical. The article considers the main parameters of rural settlement at the regional level (average population of the village, average population of the village council, population density). Analyzed indicators of the system of quantitative parameters of geographical analysis of the process of formation of united territorial communities at the regional level, the administrative coefficient of association, coefficient of population unification, territorial coefficient. The correlation analysis method establishes the link between the quantitative parameters of rural settlement and the process of formation of the united territorial communities. The direct moderate connection between the settlement “Average population of the village council” and all quantitative parameters of the process of formation of the united territorial communities is determined. A grouping of districts of the Kherson region was carried out on the quantitative parameters of geographical analysis of the process of formation of united territorial communities. The main factors influencing the association of territorial communities, which, in our opinion, are: the geographical factors; cultural factors; ethnic factors; historical factors; personality factor; capacity factor; financial capacity of the budgets of territorial communities; the influence of local authorities. A grouping of the districts of Kherson oblast has been carried out on the quantitative parameters of the process of formation of the combined territorial communities at the oblast level, namely, on the modified coefficients of the territorial concentration: the administrative coefficient of the association, the coefficient of population unification and the territorial coefficient of the association. As a result of grouping, we observe a significant identity regarding the distribution of districts of the Kherson region by the quantitative parameters of the territorial community.

Зміцнення ресурсної бази сільських територій в умовах реформування публічної влади

Today, the issue of strengthening the resource base of rural territories in the context of reforming public power is of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical bases and practical recommendations on the resource support for rural development in the conditions of decentralization. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the dynamics of the formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine was analyzed; the structure of state support of communities is characterized; sources of filling the resource base of local budgets of rural territories under decentralization conditions are substantiated. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, modeling, as well as graphical and tabular methods. It is determined that decentralization is a way of moving away from a centralized model of public administration, ensuring the capacity of local self-government and building an effective system of territorial organization of power in Ukraine. In the course of the analysis of formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine, over the last five years, positive dynamics of unification have been established, both by number of inhabitants and by area of communities. The dynamics and structure of state support for local and regional development are characterized. It is proved that rural development depends directly on the amount of available financial and other resources, as well as on the efficiency of their use. The tools and components of strengthening the community resource base have been generalized and a model for enhancing the financial capacity of territorial communities has been proposed. The sources of filling the local budgets of rural territories are substantiated, in particular: own and attracted resources; use of mechanisms of inter-municipal cooperation, public-private partnership; attraction of grants and international technical assistance, etc. The subject of further research is to substantiate the prospects for rural development using strategic planning tools

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ КИЇВСЬКОЇ МІСЬКОЇ АГЛОМЕРАЦІЇ

The role of prerequisites in the development of the transport infrastructure of the capital of Ukraine is revealed. The author formulated methodological approaches to them. A comprehensive geographical description of the prerequisites for the development of the transport infrastructure of the Kyiv city agglomeration was carried out. It has been established that the main limitations are economic factors, which is caused by the highest cost of land resources in Ukraine precisely within this urban agglomeration. Natural factors continue to play a significant role only when carrying out specific prospecting for laying various types of infrastructure objects within it. There are new factors in the functioning and development of transport infrastructure. These include, first of all, the formation of united territorial communities. Their boundaries should be brought to life and their socio-economic development plans and spatial schemes should be developed. Thus, it is necessary to take into account local needs in the development of transport infrastructure with the general needs of the entire Kyiv city agglomeration. A significant role is played by the ownership of land. The concentration of land ownership in the hands of speculators and large developers leads to a sharp rise in the cost of the robot to acquire the necessary land for the construction of a new infrastructure. As a result, many new large residential areas do not have the necessary access roads and they are not connected to the citywide communications system. This leads to significant new problems for the solution of which it is necessary to coordinate new large-scale housing construction with the laying infrastructure. The main problem remains transport accessibility. Laying of highways to new buildings should be carried out at the expense of local budgets. However, there is often a conflict of interest between developers and local authorities. The latter do not want to invest substantial funds in the construction of roads and other types of infrastructure due to the fact that the cost of new relevant construction is much higher than the cost of housing built at the expense of borrowed funds. Thus, the existing suburban transport infrastructure takes on an ever-increasing stream of new daily commuter migrants. As a result, the quality of services provided drops sharply. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of life throughout the urban agglomeration.

Mechanisms for the improvement of the utility sector management efficiency within the local authorities

The key risks and problems in the field of decentralization and formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine in the context of providing transparent and responsible management of utility sector enterprises by local self-government bodies are identified. In the framework of Ukraine’s implementation of the provisions of the Association Agreement with the European Union in domestic practice, the reasonability of reforming the utility sector in Ukraine at the regional level based on the positive experience and best practices of the European countries and on the generally recognized world standards and principles of corporate governance is substantiated. The paper outlines the mechanisms for ensuring the management efficiency of utility sector and for introduction of new standards of transparency and accountability of utility sector enterprises. On the basis of the analysis of the respective provisions of the national legislation the authors conclude that Ukraine has created the legislative preconditions for the transparency and accountability of utility sector enterprises within the territorial communities. However, the changes introduced into the national legislation on accounting and financial reporting, as well as the revision of the Law of Ukraine on Auditing, imposes more stringent requirements for the disclosure of information about the activities of utility companies, recognizing them as companies of public interest and / or as the subjects of natural monopoly within the national market. In order to strengthen the supervision over such enterprises the collegial bodies - audit committees or appropriate supervisory boards - should be established within their management system. The article considers the differences of such bodies’ functioning and the procedural peculiarities of the respective supervisory councils’ establishment that are based on the legislative norm that is of recommendatory nature as for the establishment of such councils for village and city, and for all others - district, region - is of obligatory nature. The paper proves that it is not economically feasible to create supervisory boards within all utility sector enterprises. The author analyzes the competences of the relevant local councils within the national legislation of Ukraine. On the basis of the generalization of the best European experience and practices, criteria for determining the economic justification for the establishment of supervisory boards at domestic utility sector enterprises in Ukraine are proposed. Moreover, the recommendations for local authorities regarding the criteria for the selection of independent auditors (audit firms) for carrying out the statutory audit of annual financial statements of utility sector enterprises are also formulated. The introduction of the proposed recommendations will increase the competitiveness of the utility sector companies of Ukraine compared to the enterprises of private sector of economy, as well as will promote the implementation of international standards and European principles and the best practices of effective management of large corporations in the utility sector of Ukraine.

PROBLEMS OF LABOR POTENTIAL FORMATION IN UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TERRITORIAL DECENTRALIZATION

In the article "Problems of labor potential formation in Ukraine under the conditions of territorial decentralization" the modern tendency of quantitative representation formation of labor potential is considered. The article also deals with the economically active population and the number of people employed under the conditions of prolonged depopulation of the population and the growing ranks of the population migration outside the state. The peculiarity of these processes is that they take place in the context of territorial decentralization. It means the administrative-territorial structure reforming and the formation of united territorial communities. The article examines the regional differences in the process of united territorial communities formation. Some recommendations have been made regarding the consideration of human resources, migration of the population and justification of the capacity of the united territorial communities in terms of land supply for the inhabitants of especially newly formed integrated territorial communities. It is necessary to justify an economic viability of united territorial communities for their successful functioning. At the same time, the primary task is to calculate the existing and prospective population of economically active united territorial communities population, a deep and detailed analysis of the labor market to meet the needs for labor at the expense of own resources of living labor, to assess the possible extent of young age groups migration. We consider it is expedient to set quantitative parameters of future united territorial communities at the state level, that is the optimal size of territories, population, and availability of social infrastructure facilities.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

The article investigates the latest trends in determining the capacity of communities and the possibility of creating united communities. The budgets of communities formed in the process of decentralization have been analyzed. With the help of the analysis, their strengths and weaknesses, the advantages and disadvantages of their creation were determined. To do this, an assessment of the financial capacity of the united territorial communities created by regions in 2017 has been conducted. The assessment of the financial capacity of the 366 united territorial communities was based on the results of local budgets implementation monitoring for 2017 and the four main indicators that reflect: own income per 1 resident; capital expenditures per 1 resident; the level of subsidization of budgets; the specific weight of expenditures on maintenance of the management apparatus in the own resources of the united territorial communities.On the basis of these indicators, the general rating of the combined territorial communities was formed. Moreover, based on the population size, the united territorial communities were ranged in 4 groups: with more than 15 thousand people, from 10 to 15 thousand people, from 5 to 10 thousand people and less than 5 thousand people. According to the results of the conducted research, the leaders of the formation of united territorial communities are Ternopil, Dnipropetrovsk and Zhytomyr regions, outsiders - Zakarpattia, Luhansk and Kiev. An assessment of the financial capacity of the united territorial communities in terms of regions was conducted. One of the main indicators of the financial capacity of the community was the indicator of own income per 1 inhabitant, which increased over the past two years across all united territorial communities.The features of a new mechanism of filling the local budgets introduced within the framework of the current reform of the intergovernmental fiscal relations and the tax system were highlighted. The progressive and problematic aspects of the of territorial communities' unification and determination of their financial capacity were determined.

ADMINISTRATION OF INTEGRATED SOCIAL SERVICES ON THE COMMUNITY LEVEL

In connection with deinstitutionalisation and the formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine, scientists and practioners look for universal approaches aimed at meeting the needs of social services at the community level. The model of integrated social services has been developed and actively implemented. The aim of this paper is to generalise common mechanisms for their administration. The tasks of the study: to describe key mechanisms for administering social services at the level of community, to identify their problematic aspects and prospects. Methods of research used: system analysis (system-structural, system-functional, system-dynamic), analysis of documents, comparison, modeling. The process of implementation of integrated social services has not been completed. Among the most common mechanisms for their administration prevail: the conclusion of agreements on the provision of social services to region/ city institutions and the introduction of a staffing of specialists with relevant powers. In protecting the rights of children much attention is paid to the respective powers of officials of relevant authorities, as opposed to the opening of services for children. This situation is associated with cost savings, lack of staff, lack of experience. This reduces the level of autonomy and control of community, targeting the needs of its members in social services. The situation is associated with cost savings, lack of staff, lack of experience. This reduces the level of autonomy and control of the community, targeting the needs of its members in social services. Described forms of inter-municipal cooperation show its promise: delegation of tasks with the transfer of relevant resources, implementation of joint projects, co-financing (maintenance) of institutions and organisations, formation of a joint management body.

INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT OF THE FORMATION OF UNITED LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN TERMS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS

The article explores the directions of reforming public administration in regional and local development in Ukraine. Mechanisms and ways of improvement of management of regional and local development in Ukraine are revealed. The institutional component of the formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine is revealed. Issues of decentralization reform are outlined. It is noted that, as of today, the Constitution of Ukraine does not foresee the existence of such an administrative-territorial unit as a united territorial community, which makes development of these communities virtually impossible, as they are forced to function in the status of existing rural, town or city councils. Another important problem that substantially limits the effectiveness of the use of formal institutional leverage in the process of developing the united territorial communities at the present stage of decentralization is the inconsistency of certain regulatory procedures and regulations that govern the local self-government bodies of the united territorial communities. It is proved that decentralization of management is one of the key reforms that have been taking place in Ukraine over the last few years. Its main point is the transfer of a significant part of the administrative authority and financial resources from the central (government) level to the level of local self-government bodies. At the same time, the principle of decentralization is the key principle of decentralization. It is noted that the data of the Concept of reform envisage the transition to a new decentralized model of organization of state and regional authorities. The main task of such Concepts is the analysis of actual problems in the field of management, the definition of key management and legal approaches, organizational, financial principles for their solution, alignment in time with the reform of the administrative-territorial system. The key issue of the Concepts is the substantiation of proposals for ensuring the democratic and efficient organization of governance at the regional and local level, and the introduction of a mechanism for optimal self-sufficient functioning of local self-governance bodies.

NECESSITY AND RESULTS OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION

Introduction. Local budgets are the most numerous link of the budget system, the financial base of local authorities, which plays a decisive role in implementing regional policy through financing public expenditures and are the key to the emergence of a capable and efficient local government. However, the unsatisfactory results of the local authorities functioning in previous periods have led to the objective need to reform existing structure of local finances through fiscal decentralization. Purpose.To characterize the essence of financial decentralization from the point of view of its necessity for the economy of territorial and administrative units development and to analyze the success and risks of its implementation in Ukraine. Methods. In the course of writing the article, several methods were used. Among them were the method of analysis and synthesis, scientific comparison, formal logic and dialectics. Results. It has been determined that since the beginning of financial decentralization, the share of local budgets in the consolidated budget of Ukraine has doubled. The local budget revenues has increased in 2.8 times. Facts above indicate increasing in financial resources available to local authorities and, accordingly, more equal distribution of powers and opportunities of local and state authorities. The financial capacity of local budgets is evidenced by the balance of funds on accounts, which at the end of 2017 were amounted to 78.1 billion UAH. As a result, due to the accumulated resources of local budgets, more expenditure responsibilities has been given to local authorities. In addition, since the beginning of 2015, the formation of united territorial communities has begun, of which 699 had been formed by the end of 2017, but only 159 of them are fully operational. However, despite of the results achieved, significant financial, administrative and political factors threaten to continue fiscal decentralization. Conclusion. Despite the successful implementation of financial reform for local budgets, neglecting obvious risks can have a significant impact on the budgetary system of Ukraine. Therefore, the state and local authorities should further strengthen the requirements for the quality of community associations, control over their implementation and more objective planning and analysis of the results achieved, as the shortcomings in the reform will tend to be strengthened and may have a synergistic effect.

ФІНАНСОВА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ В УКРАЇНІ: НАСЛІДКИ РЕФОРМИ

Ukraine's striving for European space is determined by goals and objectives. The Concept of reforming local self-government and the territorial organization of power in Ukraine, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on April 1, 2014, caused by political processes that provide for financial decentralization. Decentralization is the transfer of significant powers and budgets from government bodies to local governments. Local self-government is when residents in cities and villages themselves decide most of the important issues, are themselves responsible for school and preschool education, first-level health care, cultural institutions, and amenities. That is, the main task of decentralization and unification of communities is to give the right to resolve issues to residents of cities and villages. The reform is designed to create a system in which the executive authorities and local self-government bodies can effectively perform their functions, and the communities themselves decide through elections how their region will develop. The article examines the process of decentralization of power and the formation of united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the united territorial communities in the context of financial decentralization. Used general scientific and applied methods (historical, mathematical statistics, system comparison, structural and functional approaches to data analysis). The paper describes two stages of decentralization and their gradual implementation in Ukraine. The article analyzes the dynamics of the formation of united territorial communities, the process of forming their own financial resources of local governments. It has been proven that the reform gave impetus to the full development of communities, the opportunity to improve life in every locality and in the country as a whole. At the same time, there are a number of problematic issues that require solutions for the successful continuation of the reform. Based on the results of the analysis, the main recommendations are presented to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative-territorial reform and the sustainable development of the local government reform.

THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF FORMATION AND MODERN PRAGMATISM OF FINANCING OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Introduction. The association of territorial communities is an effective means of providing financial resources for less developed and financially untenable territorial communities on the basis of equal access to all social services and economic benefits that are the vision of the European future. In modern conditions the implementation of this process is a multi-stage and troublesome work based on the will of representatives of territorial communities, tax capacity and economic development of territories ready for unification, parity in the context of providing social services to all members of the association, as well as distribution and redistribution of financial resources on the basis of a full partnership with the participation of communities in the implementation of powers. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of the formation of united territorial communities, assessment of the formation and implementation of budget revenues of the combined territorial communities on the background of permanent crisis phenomena which significantly affect the indicators of economic and social development of administrative-territorial units and the state as a whole. Result. Defining the essence of territorial communities, debating about the nature, causes of its occurrence, the consequences of its creation the undeniable advantages concerning the formation of territorial communities were established, which are the association of territorial, human, intellectual and financial potentials; the joint communal property and disposal of municipal property; permanent interaction in the process of realization of common interests. The essence of the territorial community as an independent administrative-territorial unit was determined, in which residents united by permanent residence within the village, settlement, city through the voluntary combination of intellectual and financial resources carry out their vital functions in order to ensure their own well-being and the development of a certain territory. Taking into account national realities, the dominant features of the united territorial communities were established, in particular: the voluntary basis of association on the principles of parity; the availability of a single administrative center; the unity of local interests and their separation from state interests and interests of separate territorial units; the separation of material and financial base; the possibility of adopting of local normative legal acts within the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine; positioning by the primary subject of local self-government. Summing up the results of the estimation of the income base of the united territorial community budgets of the Ternopil region it has been established that the association undoubtedly benefited these territories and communities as their own resources have increased significantly as a result of the increase of the tax base, ensuring the payment of taxes by enterprises directly at the place of the activity and placement of production facilities and not at the place of registration, as well as the ability to manage their own financial resources exclusively by the councils of united territorial communities with the transition of the communities themselves to direct inter-budgetary relations with the state. Conclusion. It has been determined that united territorial communities on the path of voluntary association and full financial independence on purpose of further existence and support of the livelihoods of members of territorial communities that have united, in addition to significant financial potential should receive at the legislative level the consolidation of the changes listed in the article and the specification of the provisions of the current normative-legal ensuring in the context of the association, which subject to the consolidation of the efforts of the central and local authorities will create further grounds for the formation of capable, self-sufficient, financially independent and economically powerful united territorial communities aimed at improving the welfare of their inhabitants.