Formation Of Regional Clusters Research Articles

Разработка алгоритма формирования и развития региональных кластеров в целях повышения инвестиционной привлекательности регионов

The article discusses the prospects of increasing the investment attractiveness of Russian regions with the help of cluster policy tools and the formation of regional clusters as specific regional structures that allow solving many problems of spatial development of the subjects of the Russian Federation by obtaining a number of synergetic effects for the regional economy. At the same time, regional authorities should pay special attention to the cluster formation procedure itself, recognizing cluster initiatives in a timely manner and contributing to the processes of cluster formation in a natural way when the idea of their creation comes from the participants themselves, as well as effective support for existing clusters, helping them quickly adapt to changing macroeconomic conditions of functioning. Such an approach to cluster policy will, on the one hand, contribute to the implementation of only viable cluster initiatives, and on the other hand, will lead to a real improvement in the investment climate in the region.

КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ ПОДХОД КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СЕВЕРНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РФ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА И ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

One of the main conditions for increasing the competitiveness and socio-economic development of the Russian economy and the regional economies today is the formation of regional clusters. The authors of the article analyzed the cluster approach as a tool of regional economic policy, as well as the main directions of research in the field of cluster development of territories. As an example, the specifics of the cluster approach in the northern regions of the Russian Federation, in particular St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, are considered, and the priority directions for the development and implementation of the regional cluster approach in the context of the innovative development of the northern territories are outlined. The paper examines options for implementing cluster initiatives, the effective development of which will determine the emergence of new industries, technologies and service providers. Special attention in the article is paid to the research and production Arctic cluster of St. Petersburg.

Development of regional clusters based on the use of specialized digital tools

The accelerating processes of regionalization and glocalization of national economies are gradually changing the globalization path of development, as they fit more into the transforming picture of the new world order, in which not only geopolitical and economic aspects are changing, but also approaches to understanding the essence and practical implementation of the concepts of sustainable development, environmentally friendly development and socially oriented behavior. But despite a fairly large-scale change in development trajectories, absolutely all subjects of the world economy are influenced by digitalization trends, which are becoming almost the main tools for implementing political, economic and other types of national strategies. Thus, the formation of regional clusters is occurring on the basis of the influence of two strong factors at once – the widespread glocalization of the economy and the digitalization of all spheres of society, enabling regions to strengthen their specific territorial competitive advantages, including through the use of modern digital tools, since despite the ambiguity of the goals of Industry 4.0, it is impossible to avoid its influence, which means that it is necessary to use the advantages that it provides for the development of both individual economic entities and their associations within cluster formations. The paper attempts to consider the digital tools currently available for use by regional clusters and find out what competitive advantages their competent application can provide.

МЕХАНІЗМИ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ТИПУ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

Research as elements of the formation of the national innovation system of existing and promising mechanisms for the transition to an innovative scenario for the development of economic and social sectors at the regional level determines the need to analyze the processes of implementation of state innovation policy in a regional projection and study different points of view on, which infrastructural elements of the development of innovation activity in the economic and social sectors of a particular subject can serve as generally accepted mechanisms for the transition to the formation of regional innovation systems. The innovative type of socio-economic development of territories is defined as the formation of long-term multi-level relations between socio-economic entities based on the ideology of innovation culture, which ensures the creation and implementation of innovations in all spheres of life, as well as an increase in intellectual capitalization as a condition for sociodominant self-development. The goals of the regional innovation system have been developed. The general goal is to increase the competitiveness of the regional economy, the goals of the first level are the formation of regional clusters, the system of strategic planning and programming, the mechanism of public – private partnership, the development of territories, the reform of education, health and housing, the development of small and medium-sized innovative businesses. It is determined that the main documents regulating the issues of innovative development at the regional level are: strategies of regional socio-economic development, laws on innovation, regional target programs for innovation development. This article explains the purpose of the innovative type of society and region, found a new meaning of innovative development of the region. Selected the main effects of innovative development of regions of Ukraine, education and employment. Defined the functional significance of the regional economy in the context of stimulation of innovative development processes. The competitiveness of the regional economy is determined on the basis of a rational combination of economic and civic position with state and social justice.

Кластеры – основа устойчивого развития промышленной марикультуры в Российской Федерации. Часть 1. Тенденции в развитии мирового рыболовства и аквакультуры

Global problems and trends in the development of world fisheries and aquaculture are considered. The reasons and factors of the extensive development of the world industrial fisheries and the sustainable development of the production of world aquaculture products are shown. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the GDP of the national economy of the countries is noted. Russia needs to actively develop industrial mariculture, based on the existing significant scientific and practical groundwork and the formation of regional clusters.

АНАЛІЗ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДУМКИ У РОЗРІЗІ ПЕРЕДУМОВ РОЗВИТКУ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ У ПРАЦЯХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ, БІЛОРУСЬКИХ ТА РОСІЙСЬКИХ ВЧЕНИХ

Historiography the concept of clusters in the evolution of Economic Thought has been formed for many years. A significant contribution to the development of the concept of cluster was made by foreign and domestic scientists. The article considers scientific works of Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian scientists, in particular: N.Y. Kalyuzhnova, I.V. Pilipenko, T.O. Kuznetsova, A.A. Tashkinov, M.V. Gryazev, S.A. Vasin, O.Y. Shakhov, Y.А. Sidelnikov, L.V. Dmitriev, G.A. Vinokurov, G.A. Yashev, V.K. Shcherbin, S.A. Vidimov, V.F. Bainev, N.I. Bogdan, S.G. Galuzova and others. For example, N. Kalyuzhnova and I. Pilipenko in their monographs reveal the aspect of cluster functioning, in particular, paying attention to the aspect of geographical agglomeration of firms operating in one or more similar sectors of the national economy. O. Voronov and O. Buryak consider the cluster as an ordered, relatively stable set of specialized enterprises that produce competitive products, taking into account the territorial localization of the economic sector. V.K. Shcherbin defines innovation clusters as complexes of enterprises (industrial companies, research centers, scientific institutions), public administration bodies, trade unions, public organizations based on the territorial concentration of networks of specialized suppliers, main producers and consumers connected by a technological chain. Based on the research conducted by the author, the author gave his own definition of the concept of «regional cluster», which is considered as a set of enterprises of related industries, the key role in the formation of which is played by the resource, historical and economic potential of a particular region. We also carried out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation of regional clusters in the context of sustainable development of territories, based on matrix analysis methods. The contribution of Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian scientists to the theory of cluster economic development was systematized by author, and key features of research were highlighted. The main aspects of the formation of regional clusters are considered, which made it possible to identify the main features of their functioning. The author’s hypothesis was put forward regarding the influence of system, process and situational approaches on the activity of clusters. The analysis made it possible to systematize the impact of the above-mentioned approaches on the activity of clusters depending on the stage of the life cycle. The stages of cluster formation, structural and functional intracluster connections based on process, system and situational approaches are studied, and approaches to the formation of cluster classification features are analyzed.

From hot to cold: A spatial analysis of self‐employment in the United States

AbstractSelf‐employment is a geographical phenomenon influenced by national and regional contexts. However, the study of both contexts combined is scarce in the literature on the formation of regional clusters. Using panel data from the USA for 1998‐2018, we perform different techniques to study both contexts combined, including exploratory spatial data analysis and dynamic spatial estimations. We find evidence of spatial dependence of selfemployment rates, although it has decreased over time. Results also suggest that most of the spatial dependence is explained by the clusters of regions with low entrepreneurship activity, and that clusters formed by highly entrepreneurial regions are the most sensitive to fluctuations in the national selfemployment rate.

Інноваційна праця в системі драйверів інноваційного кластероутворення підприємств регіону.

The article investigates the genesis of theories of development of innovative labor and innovative clusters. Among the drivers of innovative cluster formation are definitely the innovative potential of the enterprise, research and development, information technology, business incubation processes and the integration of regional enterprises in cluster forms, commercialization of an intellectual product. The importance of innovative work of personnel in development of innovative potential of the enterprise is proved. It is noted that ensuring the development and accelerated formation of innovative clusters is impossible without the formation and development of innovative labor. The author's definition of the category “innovative labor” is provided as a person’s labor activity, which is based on the use of professional knowledge and skills that contribute to: income from work in the industry (organization); the appearance on the market of a new product; new production processes, etc. The circle of further scientific research of the innovative labor of enterprise personnel in regional cluster formation is outlined as the direction of the necessary economic transformations on the path of transition of the regional economy to nooekonomy.

Investigation of organizational and management specifics of health tourism development

The object of research is the processes of health tourism organization in the regions of Ukraine. With the aim of establishing the direction and essence of the processes of health tourism organization, the «health tourism» concept is clarified, the components and the environment of its resources are identified. As part of the study of the features of management aspects of health tourism development, the forms of its spatial organization – tourist destination and tourist cluster are considered. Destination and tourist cluster are considered as two systems to meet the tourist's needs: destination creates conditions for health tourism organization at the level of a particular region, forming a cluster in health tourism is aimed at supporting and developing a destination as a competitive local specific tourist product. In order to provide recommendations on the health tourism development in the Kherson region (Ukraine) , the current status is assessed, the advantages of the potential of the tourist sphere of the Kherson region are determined. The peculiarities of the formation of regional clusters, as such having a latent character, are revealed. The development of their potential will allow to combine all components of health tourism in a complex tourist product and to obtain a synergistic effect in ensuring sustainable social and economic development of the region as a whole.

The system of indicators for regional cluster formation assessment

The article shows the result of working-out the cluster formation assessment system, and each indicator of this system reflect the specific clusters property - cooperation and efficiency Completeness and depth of the system of indicators provided by systematic approach and a representing of quantitative and qualitative aspects of cluster formation process. A feature of the technique is the use of indicators that require a special accounting and enable tracking of a certain stage of cluster development. Testing the system of indicators produced by the example on the tourism industry, which is due, firstly, the high development rate of the tourist services sphere in comparison with the branches of material production, and, secondly, the increased interest in the establishment of regional tourism and recreation clusters with the country's leadership. Quantitative indicators of the formation and development of tourism and recreation clusters – geographic proximity of companies cluster members, the effectiveness of the sector for the regional economy, innovation activity, exports of goods and services, intended for the regions of the South and the North Caucasian Federal District. Universality technique ensures its empirical base - official data from Rosstat, the Federal Agency for Tourism, as well as the results of mass opinion polls carried out in all regions of the country as part of the annual “"Monitoring the quality of public and municipal services” (on the Republic of Kalmykia material). In general, we believe that the application of the developed system of indicators will contribute to intensify and improve the quality of cluster policy, implemented by the regional executive bodies and local authorities.

ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫМИ КЛАСТЕРАМИ

An important direction of social and economic development of the Russian Federation is mobilization of the potential of the territories for economic growth within the innovative model of development. One of the effective tools for solving this problem is the formation of regional clusters and efficient management. In this regard, the need to develop effective updated tools of formation and the effective management of regional clusters, combining public and private sectors, is actual.

Activities of tourist enterprises, taking into account regional features of transport tourism progress

Purpose. Generalization and extension of theoretical and methodological foundations and elaboration of practical recommendations for the introduction of cluster model of development of enterprises of the tourism industry is conducted, given the regional characteristics of the transport tourism in Ukraine. For example Trans Carpathian region expediency of the further development of railway tourism is proved. Methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the work of national and foreign scholars on tourism, the problems of business development, regional economic and sustainable development of the regions, theories of innovation. A regional cluster formation, which will contribute to the effective functioning of transport and tourism, will ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the territory is proposed. Results. Taking into consideration various types of tourism rail tourism transport is a part of the tourism infrastructure (for example, Trans Carpathian region). The role of rail transport in shaping transport infrastructure of tourism is obvious, because it will provide: functionality, communicative, dynamic, despite the type of ownership (public, private, mixed). Overall state strategy should be reduced to increase specialize in tourism. Specialization firms can serve as an additional stabilizer of the tourism industry, which is to create a regional tourism entities in the direction where the place of transport tourism will be determined, including train tourism because the railway are often places where not able to bring tourists another vehicle. Such structure is able to serve as the nucleus emerging tourist and regional innovation cluster. Scientific innovation. The essence and main trends of tourism in Ukraine and its regions conducted regional and international comparison of the results of these activities including the development of rail transport and tourism are analized. The factors which determine the specificity of innovation in the transport of tourism, the necessity of transition of the tourism industry on the innovative path of development, suggest ways of improving the cluster approach to regional tourism (for example, Trans Carpathian region), with regard to reforming the railway industry in Ukraine. The practical significance. The proposed provisions and author recommendations can be used as a theoretical and methodological base of travel agencies to implement innovative potential tourism clusters regional level.

Formation of Regional Clusters as a Factor in the Investment Development

The aim of the research is to study the role of clusters in securing of regional development, particularly in enhancing the investment activity through the introduction of new regional mechanisms regulating these processes. In the article the importance of innovation and investment component of regional development is defined. Today, ensuring sustainable economic growth and improve the efficiency of the region cannot be solved only through the use of standard techniques and tools. One of the most effective forms of economic integration through the formation of the spatial organization of the productive forces is the development of cluster formations within one economic territory. The importance of building regional cluster of social facilities, such as construction is proposed for consideration. Their importance for regional development in general and to related industries in particular is considered. The model of return tax revenues to the local budget in the development of investment in the production of new housing and the development of appropriate urban infrastructure is proposed.

10.5937/jaes12-7165 = Nanotechnology as a factor in the development of regional clusters

Work purpose: to reveal extent of influence of nanotechnologies on efficiency of use of available potential of innovative activity of the region and formation of regional clusters. Regions now endure process of radical restructuring of geographical, political and cultural subjects in subjects with a threefold spiral from business, science and the government which put forward new innovative initiatives. The regional threefold spiral grows from space of knowledge, consensus and innovations. Nanotechnology, becoming a priority branch of modern science, require ambiguous approach to their analysis and classification. In this context include the cluster as an adapter between the fundamental science and integrated developments. Formation of integrated technological solutions is the key advantage of the cluster; ensure the transfer of knowledge on new physical principles and the effects obtained in the laboratories of the academic institutes of the country in industrial production technology, as well as in technological know-how of instruments and instrumentation systems, a new class for various industries. Nanoindustry formation as new way of production of goods and services on a global scale was already shown as the tendency covering an increasing number of branches and spheres of economy, changing the economic and social relations of people.

Facilitating Innovation in Opto-Electronics in a National, Global, and Regional Context

During the past twenty years, the emphasis of policy towards high-technology industry has shifted from national innovation systems to take account of globalisation and the formation of regional clusters. Support for high-technology sectors now takes place at a number of levels—regional, national, and international. However, the extent to which firms operate in these three arenas, and how relevant government action is for the needs and behaviour of firms in respect of these is open to question. The paper reports on a study into innovation in Germany and the United Kingdom, in a particular industry—opto-electronics—which has a highly global character, but is also characterised by concentrations of firms in clusters. The contrasting experiences of firms in two regions—Wales and Thuringia—and the different policy emphasis of the regional government provide a test for the relevance, appropriateness, and impact of government policies towards high-technology industry. By focusing on the experiences of innovating firms, the authors provide a conceptually rich understanding of innovation in terms of two processes, which are often conflated in public policy—stimulating knowledge and technology transfer, and providing resource support. The paper concludes with a suggestion that support for innovation needs to be based around the twin concepts of redundancy and systems thinking, and a series of questions policymakers need to keep in mind are proposed.

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Cluster Formation : Net works, Keiretsu and Locations of the Japanese Electronics Industry in Asia

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Cluster Formation : Net works, Keiretsu and Locations of the Japanese Electronics Industry in Asia