Formation Of Oxide Species Research Articles

Decolorization of organic dyes solution by atmospheric pressure glow discharge system working in a liquid flow‐through mode

A new atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) plasma‐reaction system generated between a flowing liquid electrode and an Ar microjet nozzle is applied to decompose various organic dyes. The APGD system is working in a flow‐through mode in an open to air atmosphere. Degradation of the organic dyes and formation of reactive oxide and nitrogen species in the liquid and plasma‐liquid interface zone are studied. Effectiveness of this system in decomposition of the organic dyes is also compared with that achieved for the classical advances oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the reaction with H2O2 and with a mixture of H2O2 with ions. The results obtained here indicate that the examined APGD system is very promising for efficient degradation of organic dyes.

Reduced Cu–Co–Al Mixed Metal Oxides for the Ring-Opening of Furfuryl Alcohol to Produce Renewable Diols

The ring-opening of furfuryl alcohol to diol products, including 1,2-pentanediol and 1,5-pentanediol, is investigated over reduced Cu–Co–Al mixed metal oxides in a liquid phase batch reactor under H2 pressure. These catalysts are synthesized through the calcination of layered double hydroxides (LDH) to yield well-dispersed, porous mixed metal oxides, which upon reduction displayed activity toward diols, mainly the valuable monomer 1,5-pentanediol. The addition of Cu facilitated the reduction of Co oxide species at lower temperatures, and under optimized conditions, a yield toward 1,5-pentanediol of 44% (total diol yield of 62%) was achieved. Various characterization techniques including temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are employed to elucidate the structure of the catalysts, suggesting the formation of both metallic (Co and Cu) and oxide (CoO) species after reduction and passivation. Ultimately, this study demonstrates...

Catalytic performance of supported Ir catalysts for NO reduction with C3H6 and CO in slight lean conditions

Supported Ir catalysts effectively catalyzed the NO reduction with CO and C3H6 under slight lean and high-temperature conditions, although supported Pt and Pd showed the activity for NO reduction in low temperature region with narrow window. The NO reduction activity of supported Ir catalysts was quite different depending on the support oxide. Among them, Ir/SiO2 and Ir/CeO2 were the highest and lowest active catalysts, respectively. Although no relationship between the reducibility estimated by H2-TPR and the NO reduction activity was observed, TPO measurements revealed that the stability of Ir species in catalytically active reducing state is a key factor to determine the NO reduction activity. In situ FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of catalytically active reduced Ir species during the reaction. From the comparison of the wavenumber of IR band due to adsorbed CO species with the NO reduction activity, too strong Ir – support interaction causes the formation of stable Ir oxide species, resulting in the depression of NO reduction activity. The role of support oxide for Ir catalyst was concluded to stabilize the Ir species in catalytically active reducing state created during the reaction via the Ir – support interaction.

Oxidative stress induced in E. coli by the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are thought to kill bacterial cells by permeabilizing their membranes. However, some antimicrobial peptides inhibit E. coli growth more efficiently in aerobic than in anaerobic conditions. In the attack of the human cathelicidin LL-37 on E. coli, real-time, single-cell fluorescence imaging reveals the timing of membrane permeabilization and the onset of oxidative stress. For cells growing aerobically, a CellROX Green assay indicates that LL-37 induces rapid formation of oxidative species after entry into the periplasm, but before permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane (CM). A cytoplasmic Amplex Red assay signals a subsequent burst of oxidative species, most likely hydrogen peroxide, shortly after permeabilization of the CM. These signals are much stronger in the presence of oxygen, a functional electron transport chain, and a large proton motive force (PMF). They are much weaker in cells growing anaerobically, by either fermentation or anaerobic respiration. In aerobic growth, the oxidative signals are attenuated in a cytochrome oxidase–bd deletion mutant, but not in a –bo3 deletion mutant, suggesting a specific effect of LL-37 on the electron transport chain. The AMPs melittin and LL-37 induce strong oxidative signals and exhibit O2-sensitive MICs, while the AMPs indolicidin and cecropin A do not. These results suggest that AMP activity in different tissues may be tuned according to the local oxygen level. This may be significant for control of opportunistic pathogens while enabling growth of commensal bacteria.

Mechanistic study of hydrothermally aged Cu/SSZ-13 catalysts for ammonia-SCR

The impact of hydrothermal ageing on the copper sites, crystalline order and critical reactions of a Cu/SSZ-13 was studied. The investigated catalyst had a low Si/Al ratio of 3.7 and was underexchanged at 65%. We propose that this catalyst had nearly saturated ion exchange positions in the 6-membered ring units (6MR) with copper ions, but still contained a significant amount of protonic sites in the large cages (8MR units). Investigation of a broad range of ageing temperatures (550–850°C) allowed us to observe that no significant number of copper ions moved from the large cages into the 6MR units. Nevertheless, the Cu ions experienced a significant increase in reducibility above ageing temperatures of 700°C. However, these changes appeared not to have a large impact on catalyst activity, which was more significantly correlated with long and short-range loss of crystallinity. Thus dealumination occurred at all temperatures above 550°C and was correlated with significantly reduced ammonia storage capacity and ammonia oxidation ability. Low-temperature SCR activity was not much affected below 850°C, but decreased significantly when total collapse of the zeolite framework occurred at this temperature. At ageing temperatures above 750°C, formation of oxidic copper species was observed and correlated partially with increased high-temperature ammonia oxidation capacity, though it is possible that oxidation in parallel occurs on non-oxidic sites in ion-exchange positions. On the other hand, low-temperature ammonia oxidation was shown to occur on ionic copper sites (likely in the 6MR units) and decrease with increasing ageing temperature. We further found some evidence that low-temperature formation of N2O during standard SCR may occur on different sites or via different mechanisms.

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cardiac injury in takotsubo cardiomyopathy by alleviating oxidative stress

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transient left ventricular apical ballooning with the absence of coronary occlusion, which is an acute cardiac syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality. It was reported that reduced endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels may be related to various heart diseases. The present study investigated the mechanism by which H2S administration modulates and protects cardiac function in TCM rats. In order to establish a TCM model, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected with a single dose of β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (ISO). We found that ISO induced cardiac dysfunction, which was characterized by a significant decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum contraction velocity (+dp/dtmax), maximum relaxation velocity (−dp/dtmax) and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Accordingly, we found that plasma and heart tissue H2S levels in TCM rats decreased significantly, and cardiac cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) expression were lower. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction in TCM was associated with oxidative stress response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) and p67 protein expressions significantly increased in TCM cardiac tissues. In addition, Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction and reversed ISO-induced oxidative stress. This study revealed that H2S exerted cardioprotective effects by reducing NADPH oxidase, which reduced ROS formation and prevented oxidative stress. Our study provided novel evidence that H2S is protective in myocardial dysfunction in TCM rats and could be a therapeutic target for alleviating β-adrenergic system overstimulation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.

Surface and subsurface changes as a result of tribocorrosion at the stem-neck interface of bi-modular prosthesis

This study presents a detailed multi-scale analysis of the degradation processes occurring on both the CoCrMo and TMZF alloy surfaces at different regions across the taper interface. Co-ordinate measurement machine, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods have been utilised to identify the roles of degradation from the mm to nm scale. Depending on the region of interest, varying topographies and subsurface morphologies were observed across both surfaces. In regions where high pressures are expected, retention of the surface topography was seen on the CoCrMo trunnion. This was complimented by gross shear and plastic deformation of the subsurface material. In regions where maximum penetration was seen, evidence of fretting-corrosion was seen and a loss of the nano-crystalline layer. For the TMZF surface, refinement of the alloy was seen in the top 5μm, with fatigue cracks within the bulk present. Precipitation and formation of oxide species were observed at depths of 2μm. The degradation of a bi-modular prosthesis is a complex multifactorial process. It is hypothesised that this formation of oxide species at the interface and within the bulk alloy plays an important role in the degradation through a combined work-hardening and corrosion process.

High-frequency underwater plasma discharge application in antibacterial activity

Plasma discharge is a novel disinfection and effectual inactivation approach to treat microorganisms in aqueous systems. Inactivation of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) by generating high-frequency, high-voltage, oxygen (O2) injected and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) added discharge in water was achieved. The effect of H2O2 dose and oxygen injection rate on electrical characteristics of discharge and E. coli disinfection has been reported. Microbial log reduction dependent on H2O2 addition with O2 injection was observed. The time variation of the inactivation efficiency quantified by the log reduction of the initial E. coli population on the basis of optical density measurement was reported. The analysis of emission spectrum recorded after discharge occurrence illustrated the formation of oxidant species (OH•, H, and O). Interestingly, the results demonstrated that O2 injected and H2O2 added, underwater plasma discharge had fabulous impact on the E. coli sterilization. The oxygen injection notably reduced the voltage needed for generating breakdown in flowing water and escalated the power of discharge pulses. No impact of hydrogen peroxide addition on breakdown voltage was observed. A significant role of oxidant species in bacterial inactivation also has been identified. Furthermore the E. coli survivability in plasma treated water with oxygen injection and hydrogen peroxide addition drastically reduced to zero. The time course study also showed that the retardant effect on E. coli colony multiplication in plasma treated water was favorable, observed after long time. High-frequency underwater plasma discharge based biological applications is technically relevant and would act as baseline data for the development of novel antibacterial processing strategies.

Detection and Measurement of Methionine Oxidation in Proteins

Methionine oxidation is a prevalent modification found in proteins both in biological settings and in the manufacturing of biotherapeutic molecules. In cells, the oxidation of specific methionine sites can modulate protein function or promote interactions that trigger signaling pathways. In biotherapeutic development, the formation of oxidative species could be detrimental to the efficacy or safety of the drug product. Thus, methionine oxidation is a critical quality attribute that needs to be monitored throughout development. Here we describe a method using LC/MS/MS to identify site-specific methionine modifications in proteins. Antibodies are stressed with hydrogen peroxide, and the level of Met oxidation is compared to that of reference molecules. The protocols presented here are not specific to methionine and can be used more generally to identify other PTM risk sites in molecules after various types of treatments. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Redox-performance correlations in Ag–Cu–Mg–Al, Ce–Cu–Mg–Al, and Ga–Cu–Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived mixed metal oxides

Ag-, Ce- and Ga-promoted Cu–Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived mixed metal oxides were obtained by standard coprecipitation, followed by calcination. The obtained Ag(Ce, Ga)–Cu–Mg–Al–Ox mixed metal oxides were characterized with respect to their crystalline structure (XRD, TEM), texture (BET), surface acidity (NH3-TPD), redox properties (H2-TPR), chemical surface composition (XPS), and tested in the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapour (NH3-SCO). The loading of Agy-, Cey-, or Gay–Cu5–Mg66−y–Al29 (y=0–1) had a clear effect on the catalytic performances. For materials with low metal loadings (y≤0.25), the redox properties determined the catalytic performances in NH3-SCO. The formation of easily reducible CuOx played a crucial role for enhanced catalytic activity at lower temperatures, with a drop in the selectivity to N2 at higher temperatures. Higher metal loading (y≥0.5) led to the formation of surface and bulk copper oxide species, and other aggregated metal oxide phases, which enhanced the catalytic activity for Ag–Cu–Mg–Al–Ox, and diminished activity for Ce(Ga)–Cu–Mg–Al–Ox.

Assessing the relative stability of copper oxide clusters as active sites of a CuMOR zeolite for methane to methanol conversion: size matters?

Copper-containing zeolites exhibit high activity in the direct partial oxidation of methane into methanol at relatively low temperatures. Di- and tricopper species have been proposed as active catalytic sites, with recent experimental evidence also suggesting the possibility of the formation of larger copper oxide species. Using density functional theory based global geometry optimization, we were able to identify a general trend of the copper oxide cluster stability increasing with size. For instance, the identified ground-state structures of tetra- and pentamer copper clusters of CunOn2+ and CunOn-12+ stoichiometries embedded in an 8-ring channel of mordenite exhibit higher relative stability compared to smaller clusters. Moreover, the aluminium content and localization in the zeolite pore influence the cluster's stability and its geometrical motif, which offers a perspective of tuning the properties of copper-exchanged zeolites by creating copper oxide clusters of a given structure and size. With the activity of the cluster towards methane being connected to its stability, such tuning will potentially allow the design of catalysts with engineered properties.

Strategy to produce highly loaded alumina supported CoMo-S catalyst for straight run gas oil hydrodesulfurization

A simple postmodification synthesis is proposed to produce large pore volume alumina, with addition of a porogen during the peptization step, which is an industrial process preceding alumina shaping. By adjusting the synthesis parameters, obtained alumina present improved textural properties compared to conventional ones: specific surface areas between 380 à 430m2g−1, large pore diameters between 12 and 20nm and consequently large pore volumes. This allowed to prepare highly loaded catalysts, at a density of 4atMo.nm−2, without the formation of undesirable bulk molybdenum-cobalt oxide species despite the high molybdenum content. Catalysts performance were evaluated in thiophene HDS, where the activity varied by a factor 1.5. The most performant solid of the series was then tested in the HDS of a straight run gas oil under industrial conditions: it showed significantly improved activity compared to that of a catalyst prepared from a commercial alumina with the same molybdenum density, with a temperature gain of 17°C at 100ppm residual sulfur. Moreover, the catalyst activity remained stable after one week of testing. This work thus evidences that the development of alumina supports with enhanced textural properties is an efficient way to improve the performance of HDS CoMo catalysts.

Characterization of Oxidation Kinetics of Mo–Si–B-Based Materials

Characterization of oxidation kinetics of composites based on refractory metals like Mo by means of thermogravimetry is often very complex, because of the simultaneous formation of both volatile and stable oxides. Specifically, thermogravimetrically measured specific mass changes represent the sum of opposite mass change processes: (i) mass loss due to the formation of volatile oxide species and (ii) mass gain as a result of oxygen uptake due to the growth of solid, adherent oxide layers. In order to unambiguously assess the oxidation resistance of such alloys, a separation of these two opposing processes and their quantitative description are needed. In this study, a novel approach is proposed that enables determination of the amount of the material affected during oxidation using the measured oxide layer thickness. This approach also permits a quantitative separation of thermogravimetric data into mass loss (oxide evaporation) and mass gain (oxygen uptake). The advantage of splitting of the thermogravimetric curve into mass gain and mass loss is discussed on the basis of the multiphase material Mo–9Si–8B.

Antimicrobial effect of Al2O3, Ag and Al2O3/Ag thin films on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida

The influence of Al2O3, Ag and Al2O3/Ag thin films on bacterial growth of Gramnegative bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli is studied. The nanostructured thin films are deposited on glass substrates without intentional heating through r.f. magnetron sputtering in Ar atmosphere of Al2O3 and Ag targets or through sequential sputtering of Al2O3 and Ag targets, respectively. The individual Ag thin films (thickness 8 nm) have a weak bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli expressed as an extended adaptive phase of the bacteria up to 5 hours from the beginning of the experiment, but the final effect is only 10 times lower bacterial density than in the control. The individual Al2O3 film (20 nm) has no antibacterial effect against two strains E. coli - industrial and pathogenic. The Al2O3/Ag bilayer films (Al2O3 20 nm/Ag 8 nm) have strong bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas putida and demonstrate an effective time of disinfection for 2 hours. The individual films Al2O3 and Ag have not pronounced antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas putida. A synergistic effect of Al2O3/Ag bilayer films in formation of oxidative species on the surface in contact with the bacterial suspension could be a reason for their antimicrobial effect on E. coli and P. putida.

Investigation of Ion Conductivity and ORR on Metal/Water Interfaces in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The present work investigates the role of water on the ion conductivity and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of metal/water interfaces. Ionomer-free electrodes such as nanostructured thin film (NSTF) electrode have the potential to reduce the loading of platinum (Pt) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). However, the proton transport mechanism is not well understood. To examine the dependence of ion conductivity and ORR performance on relative humidity (RH), two ionomer/binder-free metal surfaces, Pt and gold (Au), were measured at different RH conditions. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that currents for the double layer, hydrogen and oxide species formation and reduction increase with increased inlet gas RH. This indicates that water films on the Au and Pt black surfaces play an essential role in ion conduction. The increased active area also yields increased ORR current density during fuel cell operation. The results indicate a significant thickness of the ionomer-free cathode is active despite the lack of ionomer.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of different synthetic amorphous silica nanomaterials in the V79 cell line

The nature of occupational risks and hazards in industries that produce or use synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles is still under discussion. Manufactured SAS occur in amorphous form and can be divided into two main types according to the production process, namely, pyrogenic silica (powder) and precipitated silica (powder, gel or colloid). The physical and chemical properties of SAS may vary in terms of particle size, surface area, agglomeration state or purity, and differences in their toxicity potential might therefore be expected. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of representative manufactured SAS samples in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells). Five samples from industrial SAS producers were evaluated, that is, two pyrogenic SAS powders (with primary particle sizes of 20 nm and 25/70 nm), one precipitated SAS powder (20 nm) and two precipitated SAS colloids (15 and 40/80 nm). V79 cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of SAS pre-dispersed in bovine serum albumin -water medium. Pyr (pyrogenic) 20, Pre (precipitated) 20 and Col (colloid) 15 significantly decreased the cell viability after 24 h of exposure, whilst Pyr 25/70 and Col 40/80 had negligible effects. The cytotoxicity of Pyr 20, Pre 20 and Col 15 was revealed by the induction of apoptosis, and Pyr 20 and Col 15 also produced DNA damage. However, none of the SAS samples generated intracellular reactive oxidative species, micronuclei or genomic mutations in V79 cells after 24 h of exposure. Overall, the results of this study show that pyrogenic, precipitated and colloidal manufactured SAS of around 20 nm primary particle size can produce significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in V79 cells. In contrast, the coarser-grained pyrogenic and colloid SAS (approximately 50 nm) yielded negligible toxicity, despite having been manufactured by same processes as their finer-grained equivalents. To explain these differences, the influence of particle agglomeration and oxidative species formation is discussed.

Osteomeles schwerinae extracts inhibits the binding to receptors of advanced glycation end products and TGF-β1 expression in mesangial cells under diabetic conditions

BackgroundOsteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneid. (Rosaceae, OSSC) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases in Asia. The chemical constituents of OSSC have an inhibitory effect on aldose reductase activity, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. However, the protective effects of the pharmacological activity and potential mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy are still not known. ObjectiveIn the present study, OSSC extracts and major compounds were examined for their effects on binding to the receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) expression-related signal mechanisms in mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Materials and methodsA simple, rapid and efficient method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the marker compounds in the ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of OSSC using HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). In this study, we determined the effects of OSSC extract and hyperoside on AGE and RAGE binding, and studied the mechanism of OSSC extract effects on AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-treated GMCs. GMCs overexpressing human RAGE were cultured in AGE-BSA labeled with Alexa 488, and OSSC extract. AGE/RAGE binding were measured using fluorescence (excitation 485nm/emission 528nm). TGF-β1 protein expression levels were determined by western blot analyses. ResultsOSSC extracts of leaves and twigs inhibited on AGE/RAGE binding and TGF-β1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in GMCs. Furthermore, OSSC extracts reduced the effects on AGE-BSA-induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) formation and nuclear translocalization of transcription factor NF-κB. OSSC extracts inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and IκB. Hyperoside also inhibited AGE/RAGE binding and ROS formation, and reduced TGF-β1 expression and IkB phosphorylation. ConclusionsOSSC extracts and hyperoside may attenuate AGE/RAGE binding and expression of TGF-β1 by downregulating of pERK1/2, p38MAPK and IκB phosphorylations in GMCs under diabetic condition and retard the development of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy.

Photooxidation and photostabilization of EVA and cross-linked EVA

Cross-linked EVA copolymers are widely used as encapsulant material for photovoltaic modules in order to protect the solar cell from the dangerous and degrading environmental factors like moisture and UV radiations. The protection of these modules from photooxidation is the main important objective in their production. In this work, samples of cured EVA in presence of different types of stabilizers have been photooxidized to better understand the photooxidation behavior and the effects of these stabilizers on the mechanical properties. All the results obtained on the cross-linked samples have been compared with those obtained in the same conditions and with the same formulations with the same uncured EVA. The photooxidation reactions are mainly due to chain-scission reactions with subsequent oxidation and decrease of the molecular weight and of the cross-linking density.The antioxidants are not able to protect the materials because are able to reduce the formation of oxidative species, but do not reduce the chain-scission reactions. On the contrary the HALS samples are able to strongly protect the cross-linked EVA because are able to contemporary reduce the formation and the reactions of the radicals and the oxidative reactions. By using these last stabilizers, the mechanical properties do not change significantly in the investigated long irradiation time range.

Removal of Persistent Organic Contaminants by Electrochemically Activated Sulfate.

Solutions of sulfate have often been used as background electrolytes in the electrochemical degradation of contaminants and have been generally considered inert even when high-oxidation-power anodes such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) were employed. This study examines the role of sulfate by comparing electro-oxidation rates for seven persistent organic contaminants at BDD anodes in sulfate and inert nitrate anolytes. Sulfate yielded electro-oxidation rates 10-15 times higher for all target contaminants compared to the rates of nitrate anolyte. This electrochemical activation of sulfate was also observed at concentrations as low as 1.6 mM, which is relevant for many wastewaters. Electrolysis of diatrizoate in the presence of specific radical quenchers (tert-butanol and methanol) had a similar effect on electro-oxidation rates, illustrating a possible role of the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) in the anodic formation of sulfate radical (SO4(•-)) species. The addition of 0.55 mM persulfate increased the electro-oxidation rate of diatrizoate in nitrate from 0.94 to 9.97 h(-1), suggesting a nonradical activation of persulfate. Overall findings indicate the formation of strong sulfate-derived oxidant species at BDD anodes when polarized at high potentials. This may have positive implications in the electro-oxidation of wastewaters containing sulfate. For example, the energy required for the 10-fold removal of diatrizoate was decreased from 45.6 to 2.44 kWh m(-3) by switching from nitrate to sulfate anolyte.

Nutritional and therapeutic approaches to modulate NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signaling in platelets.

Experimental and clinical studies provided evidence that formation of intra-platelet reactive oxidant species (ROS) is implicated in the process of thrombosis. Animal models demonstrated that enhanced ROS formation was associated with serious thrombotic complications and death. In recent years, nutritional and therapeutic approaches were tested to modulate ROS mediated thrombus formation. The use of a nutritional approach stems from the observation that foods rich in antioxidant elements, such as polyphenols, were able to modulate ROS formation. Similarly, some drugs used for different diseases (i.e. statins) showed the ability to modulate oxidative stress. Aim of this review is to summarize current evidences supporting the role of nutrients rich in polyphenols, such as olive oil and cocoa, and of some drugs, such as statins as antiplatelet agents interfering with the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase signaling. Indeed, for nutrients and statins, the antiplatelet activity seems to be dependent, at least in part, upon the inhibition of platelet NADPH oxidase-derived ROS formation, resulting in down-regulation of isoprostanes, which are pro-aggregating molecules, and up-regulation of nitric oxide, which is a platelet inhibitor.