Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, affecting 25 — 30% of the adult population. Prevalence rates vary by country, with the highest rates reported in regions with the high levels of stress. The frequency of NAFLD correlates with the intensity of the subjective feeling of stress. The war in Ukraine and the migration of a part of the population to European countries had a significant impact on the health of the population, which was caused by a sharp increase in the influence of stressful factors and the formation of signs of mental health disorders. The chronic influence of negative psychosocial factors, in particular the stressful conditions of wartime, is the main reason for the hyperactivation of the stress response and chronic high cortisol levels, which become maladaptive and lead to distant consequences — changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy balance, and metabolic changes that cause the formation of and progression of NAFLD, as well as to changes in the immune system. In addition to metabolic factors, chronic stress is a trigger for changes in the functioning of the digestive system and intestinal microbiota, that is, the gut‑liver axis, which is involved in the formation of NAFLD. The presented data justify the need for scientific research to find pathogenetic measures that affect mental processes in humans through the correction of the microbiome, namely psychobiotics — probiotics, the consumption of which in a certain amount has a beneficial effect on the host's mental health through interaction with commensal intestinal bacteria. Despite some progress in the study of the effectiveness of psychobiotics in stress management, the number of studies on this problem is limited, so it is necessary to conduct additional studies on their use in the complex treatment of NAFLD with account of lifestyle factors.