The multifunctional protein kinase CK2 is an important enzyme in the nervous system. The nuclear forms of CK2 regulate chromatin structure and gene expression, the key processes for long-term memory formation. In vitro memory modulators, Structural Analogues of Etimizole (SAE), were able to increase or decrease the chromatin-associated CK2 activity in the rat brain cortex and hippocampus. In vivo administration of memory enhancers from SAE-group (3 mg/kg) stimulated CK2 activity and the transcriptional ability of chromatin in the cortex and hippocampus; the effect was observed 30 min after administration, reached a peak at 60 min and lasted for 180 min. At these periods the memory inhibitor from the SAE-group reduced CK2 activity and chromatin transcription. It is assumed that the modulating effect of SAEs on CK2 activity and transcription underlies the effects of these compounds on long-term memory.