The formation of linguistic competence of the students lies among the most significant missions of modern primary school. Therefore, the importance of the subject UkrainianLanguage is unlikely to be overestimated, and a problem of mistakes in speech and searching for the ways of their prevention are among most topical in modern primary education. The analysis of the scientific literature on the issue allows us to draw the conclusion, that prevention and correction of mistakes must have systematic character and be inseparable from the work in language instruction in general. Its necessity results from the nature of the child’ thinking process conditioned by the laws of psychology and physiology. The aim of the article is to substantiate theoretically and describe the system of work that provides efficiency of mistake prevention in students’ writings in primary school. A special system of work is suggested at the seminal stage of the pedagogical experiment. The methodology is aimed at prevention of mistakes in the students’ coherent speech. The methodology contains the following components: the stack of selected texts and corresponding methodological support for the work at a lesson. The research allows us to make the following conclusions: the efficiency of mistake prevention will rise in written works of primary school students if the work is carefully planned and the age and individual features of the students are taken into account. The prevention of students’ mistakes improves their comprehension of various texts, assists in forming abilities to create texts, as well as the skillsto edit and analyze their own and others’ texts at the elementary level.