Image Formation Research Articles

Formation of a New Identity of Road Service Objects Using Lighting Design Techniques: Pre-Project Analysis

The article examines the mechanisms of influence of techniques and principles of lighting design on the formation of the identity of road service objects in Russia. The analysis of the artistic and aesthetic potential of the lighting design in the formation of the artistic image of road infrastructure objects on the example of an old-style gas station is given. From the point of view of the functional approach, the structure of the multifunctional road service zone has been developed, within the framework of the environmental approach, the features of the infrastructure of the multifunctional road service zone have been identified. Socio-cultural factors allowed to form the main scenarios of users on the gas station territory. They formed the basis of design models. The results of the analysis of the implemented and conceptual design developments of the multifunctional road service zone are presented: domestic and foreign experience. The pre-project study was carried out according to the methodology developed at the sub-department of Environmental Design of Stroganov Academy within the framework of the Master’s Degree Program “Environment Design”.

Spectral-based quantitative ultrasound for assessing vision degrading myodesopsia

The presence of clinically significant vitreous opacities, referred to as vision degrading myodesopsia (VDM), reduces contrast sensitivity (CS), and visual quality of life. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods operating on grayscale B-mode images were previously developed and validated for quantifying vitreous echodensities. Although a subsequent study comparing the QUS methods across clinical scanners demonstrated no change in QUS efficacy, the methods are sensitive to differences in system parameters and B-mode image formation unless the backscatter data is normalized. Technological advancements in clinical scanners allow for easy access to raw radiofrequency (RF) data for more advanced processing methods. Here, we develop QUS methods that exploit RF echo data to generate robust user- and system-independent parameters for quantifying vitreous echodensities based on the echo signal power spectrum (PS). However, the sparsity of echodensities in the vitreous body is incompatible with underlying assumptions of QUS methods based on measurements of the backscatter coefficient or envelope statistics. We, therefore, implement QUS methods that parameterize the PS and correlate these parameters with visual function as measured by CS. Results from this study are the first step toward developing and validating robust, user-, and system-independent QUS methods for evaluating VDM.

Efficient and Optimized Usage of Various Image Formats ( JPEG/ JPG vs PNG) in Applications

Images are an integral part of modern applications, ranging from websites to mobile apps and desktop software. To ensure optimal performance and user experience, developers must make informed decisions when choosing image formats. This article explores the characteristics of popular image formats such as JPEG, JPG, and PNG and provides guidelines for their efficient and optimized usage in different applications. By understanding the trade-offs between these formats, developers can make informed choices that align with their specific application requirements.

Theoretical and practical aspects of professional image formation in the process of development of professional speaking competence of college students

The article updates the problem of professional image formation in the process of developing the professional speech competence of college students. It is emphasized that the study of the student’s image is especially relevant today. It is up-to-date as the requirements for the future professional, as for a modern competitive specialist, are constantly growing. There are analyzed modern scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of “image” and "professional image". It was found that the professional image is the image that must be created purposefully and consciously in order to achieve professional and personal goals, professional growth and self-development. There are defined structural components of the specialist’s image: external, procedural and internal. The external component includes facial expressions, gestures, timbre and strength of voice, clothes, manners, gait. Appearance can create a positive mood at work. Or on the contrary, it can hinder understanding, facilitating or hindering communication and interaction between people. The procedural component of the image is specified by such forms of communication as professionalism, plasticity, expressiveness, etc. The internal component is focused on the inner world of a person, ideas about his spiritual and intellectual development, values, interests, personality in general. It was concluded that a characteristic feature of image training is its communicative orientation. That is why the article proposes to use educational methods focused on contact and interaction. It ensures the construction of a dialogue, in the formation of the professional image of junior professional bachelors. It is suggested using training and dialogue, among the most effective forms of interactive training of college students. The article presents the training “Professional image” aimed at forming a certain image in the process of developing the professional speech competence of college students. It includes verbal and non-verbal parts. The developed training is designed for eight lessons, which do not exclude invariance. They can be replaced, shortened and included in the structure of any lesson from various educational disciplines, in particular “Psychology” or “Ukrainian language (for professional direction”.

Pre-Service Science Teachers' Understanding of Infinity Concept: The Case of Image on Convex Lens

In this study, pre-service science teachers’ definitions of the concept of infinity were tried to be revealed and their understanding of the concept was tried to be examined through the image formation experiment in a convex lens. The study was conducted with 31 pre-service science teachers studying in the 3rd year of science teaching at a state university. Two separate scales were used as data collection tools in the research. The scales consist of open-ended questions designed to reveal pre-service teachers' definitions of the concept of infinity and to evaluate their knowledge about image formation and image properties in convex lenses in this context. One of the scales (Scale-1) was applied before the image formation demonstration experiment in the convex lens, and the other (Scale-2) was applied after the application. The data obtained from the scales were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. Pre-service science teachers’ definitions of infinity were grouped under three themes: general, mathematical and physical. Pre-service teachers mostly define and understand infinity with codes such as "unknown, undetectable, unmeasurable, undetectable, inexplicable, incomprehensible "under the "general" theme which includes the sub-themes of "unknown" and "having no end". This understanding of the prospective teachers leads them to the misunderstanding that the image of the object at infinity in the focal point of the convex lens is virtual and cannot be seen.

Таблично-алгоритмічний метод для антиаліайзингу зображення відрізків прямих

Increasing the informativeness of computer graphics is achieved due to the formation of images that accurately reproduce the structural and visual features of the object. When forming such images, it is necessary to display graphic scenes with great detail, therefore, at this stage of the development of computer graphics, special attention is paid not only to the speed of forming graphic images, but also to their realism. In most modern computer graphics systems, the raster principle of image formation is used. When creating raster images, distortions occur due to the insufficient resolution of the raster. Artifacts appear on the images, one of the manifestations of which are pronounced steps or teeth on the edges of objects. The aliasing effect significantly affects the realism of the formed image, which necessitates the development of special methods and means of its elimination The tabular method of vector anti-aliasing was further developed. It is proposed to calculate the values of the evaluation function to store its values with a larger quantization step, and to calculate the intermediate ones according to the derived formula. The analysis showed that the use of the proposed approach allows reducing by 8¸17 times the amount of memory needed to calculate the pixel coverage area. The method involves hardware and software implementation and can be used in high-performance computer graphics systems.

Формирование трехмерного изображения рельефа земной поверхности в режиме синтезирования апертуры при вращении фазового центра приёмной антенны и разнесении приемо-передающего модуля

The features of 3D radar image formation during the synthesis of an artificial aperture due to rotation of the phase center of the receiving antenna and stationary diversed transceiver module have been considered during the interferometric interpretation of incoming data. The main mathematical relations, associated with determination of the relief height are given, the algorithm for processing the trajectory signal based on the interferometric approach, as well as the results of evaluating the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, obtained by computer simulation, are presented.

Principles for training PR specialists in libraries (new requirements for the training of industry specialists)

The main purpose of the article is to explore the principles of training PR specialist in libraries. Thus, changes in the socio-economic life of modern society require qualitative transformations in the nature and content of labor, an increase in the level of socio-psychological mobility, and the competitiveness of specialists working in various fields of industrial and social activities. Vocational education is designed to meet the need for human resources in the economic and social spheres. Additionally, in the educational practice of Azerbaijan, the concept "specialist" has long been interpreted as a graduate who has achieved knowledge and success as a result of mastering an educational program. In the context of this work, a librarian is considered a practical librarian who has a special education and is competent in the field of professional librarianship, regardless of the training level (bachelor's, master's). Methods: The article is based on the method of comparative analysis. Application importance: the material can be used in lecturers and seminars in higher education institutions (HEIs). Libraries occupy a large place among non-profit organizations involved in PR activities. Primarily because it has a wide structured network throughout the country. Also, the public trusts the sincerity of the activities of this institution as a non-profit enterprise. It is from this point of view that it is important to use PR technologies and methods of image formation in the process of training specialists. When organizing library and information activities, along with the promotion of existing products and enterprise capabilities by means of PR, such tasks as maintaining a reliable image are also solved. The training of highly qualified library and information specialists in this direction is accompanied by an increase in their demand in the labor market. The article analyzes the issues of training highly qualified specialists in the direction of library and information activities, as competent personnel in the field of PR and in the direction of image formation. It is also important to study viewpoints and research of experienced scientists on this topic, as well as to analyze the experience of leading enterprises in the field of industry. To sum up, we would like to draw the attention of industry experts to the concept proposed in the article.

Myocardial perfusion imaging with retrospective gating and integrated correction of attenuation, scatter, respiration, motion, and arrhythmia

BackgroundAbsolute quantitative myocardial perfusion SPECT requires addressing of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in conjunction with providing image quality sufficient for lesion detection and characterization. Iterative reconstruction methods enable the mitigation of the root causes of image degradation. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a new SPECT/CT method with integrated corrections attempting to enable absolute quantitative cardiac imaging (xSPECT Cardiac; xSC).MethodsWe compared images of prototype xSC and conventional SPECT (Flash3DTM) acquired at rest from 56 patients aged 71 ± 12 y with suspected coronary heart disease. The xSC prototype comprised list-mode acquisitions with continuous rotation and subsequent iterative reconstructions with retrospective electrocardiography (ECG) gating. Besides accurate image formation modeling, patient-specific CT-based attenuation and energy window-based scatter correction, additionally we applied mitigation for patient and organ motion between views (inter-view), and within views (intra-view) for both the gated and ungated reconstruction. We then assessed image quality, semiquantitative regional values, and left ventricular function in the images.ResultsThe quality of all xSC images was acceptable for clinical purposes. A polar map showed more uniform distribution for xSC compared with Flash3D, while lower apical count and higher defect contrast of myocardial infarction (p = 0.0004) were observed on xSC images. Wall motion, 16-gate volume curve, and ejection fraction were at least acceptable, with indication of improvements. The clinical prospectively gated method rejected beats ≥20% in 6 patients, whereas retrospective gating used an average of 98% beats, excluding 2% of beats. We used the list-mode data to create a product equivalent prospectively gated dataset. The dataset showed that the xSC method generated 18% higher count data and images with less noise, with comparable functional variables of volume and LVEF (p = ns).ConclusionsQuantitative myocardial perfusion imaging with the list-mode-based prototype xSPECT Cardiac is feasible, resulting in images of at least acceptable image quality.

The concept of the development of the mechanism of reputational responsibility of the organization within the framework of a new model of scientific attestation

The subject of the study is the concept of developing a mechanism for the reputational responsibility of organizations endowed with the rights provided for in paragraph 3.1 of Article 4 of the Federal Law from August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ "On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy".The purpose of the article is to propose specific tools for the implementation of the mechanism of reputational responsibility of organizations with the right to independently award academic degrees. The article examines the method of self-examination of the certification model of the organization, indicators of its effectiveness, and also provides proposals for the development of indicators for monitoring the activities of dissertation councils of organizations with the right to independently award academic degrees.The use of general logical research methods, including analysis and synthesis, the formal legal and comparative legal methods, allowed the authors to come to the following conclusions: (1) for the effective conduct of self-examination in each organization, it is advisable to adopt local regulations that approve the regulation on the procedure for conducting selfexamination and the report on the conduct of self-examination; (2) the list of information and data given in the article to be assessed during self-examination is exemplary, and can be expanded taking into account the characteristics of a scientific or educational organization; (3) organizations can be recommended to distribute digests about the dissertations defended, their real contribution to the development of science to leading educational and scientific organizations, and post them in free access on the official website of the organization. They may also contain information about self-examination and monitoring of dissertation councils, scientific attestation processes, other information that contributes to the formation of a stable positive image of the organization, the scientific community's trust in its certification model. It is substantiated that, within the framework of the new model of scientific attestation, the development of the institution of reputational responsibility of organizations with the right to independently award scientific degrees is the key to ensuring the quality of reproducible scientific personnel.

The inhumanity of people living in Slovak Roma settlements: on the creation of the focal images

Abstract This text deals with convergence and divergence in relation to the formation of images of inhumanity in Slovak Roma settlements. Slovak media, social networks, and television reports often contain negative images emphasizing the Roma’s backwardness, irrationality, superstition, and cruelty, and aiming to highlight their inhumanity. This approach has become prevalent even among official state authorities such as the police of the Slovak Republic, shaping the perception of the Roma as monsters. It represents a mobilization strategy that connects and disconnects various disciplinary apparatuses, forming concrete images of monsters. By examining moments of convergence and divergence, which mainly focus on the killing and consumption of canines, the text clarifies the social and material ordering that contributes to the particular arrangement of significance used by the Slovak media and other officials.

Exploring social media affordances in tourist destination image formation: A study on China’s rural tourism destination

This study investigates the effect of social media affordances (SMAs) on tourist destination image formation from the technology affordances lens, and measures the mediating role of social presence and parasocial interaction (PSI). Through both qualitative and quantitative approaches to the empirical examination of 1751 pieces of tourist data collected from a two-wave survey approach, this study finds that SMAs has a significant direct relationship with cognitive image and affective image. The results also suggest that PSI partially mediate the effect of SMAs on cognitive image and affective image, and cognitive image and affective image under the influence of SMAs lead to conative image formation. These substantial findings could offer valuable insights for destination marketers into the development and adoption of SMA strategies, with the objective of cultivating and promoting a positive image of their destination in the tourism market.

Impact of various image formats supported by android smartphones on image steganography: a preliminary study

Impact of various image formats supported by android smartphones on image steganography: a preliminary study

SEMIOTIC APPROACH IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF CENTRAL CROSS-SHAPED ORTHODOX CHURCHES

The scientific research highlights the problem of shaping in the cruciform Orthodox churches architecture and the placement of this type of sacred structures in accordance with urban planning and natural conditions. It is revealed the three-dimensional solution of the temple, in which the supporting structures form an architectural space based on the three-dimensional cross symbol. The cross-dome system, which became widespread in the cruciform Orthodox churches architectural structures, was developed in the early Byzantine era. Probably, its origin is based on the late antiquity architecture in the form of reconstruction of ancient Roman temples and Syrian religious buildings. Later it spread to the Caucasus, Palestine and North Africa, the Balkans and, further, to the ancient Rus' territory. The use of relatively new structures will be relevant for the Orthodox churches design in difficult geological conditions or the disclosure, if necessary, of a more complex architectural image. One of the sacred architecture features is the architectural image formation through the sacred symbols use. It is proposed to use the cross symbol in accordance with the name of Orthodox churches. For this purpose, it is identified cross symbol typological groups, divided into two main epochs: pre-Christian and Christian. It is defined the typological groups used in Orthodox architecture, which are divided into five periods. Some of the cross symbol typological groups are presented below in the conceptual model of a centric cruciform Orthodox church. It is identified five main signs of the cross symbol use in an Orthodox church: in the architectural space, exterior, interior, plan, and facade shaping. It is provided a conceptual model of a centric cruciform Orthodox church, in which all five main features of the cross symbol use in an Orthodox church are implemented.

The Effect Of Tiktok Content Based Social Media Marketing On Dear Me Beauty Brand Image

The large number of active social media users in Indonesia are taking advantage of opportunities as marketing media. One of them is through the Tiktok application. Because the Tiktok application is the right medium in marketing strategies, especially for the Dear Me Beauty brand. The purpose of this study was to find out how influential social media marketing in the form of Tiktok content is on the formation of a brand image for Dear Me Beauty products. This research was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis techniques and descriptive analysis with an associative approach. The results of this study were obtained from the large number of 400 respondents who resulted that social media marketing in the Tiktok application is very influential in forming a brand image for Dear Me Beauty products, especially in content sharing variable in spreading Tiktok social media content. For future researchers, it is suggested to study more deeply related to what factors can influence the formation of brand image. For Dear Me Beauty, it is hoped that this will be a unique consideration, always improving the quality of Tiktok ads to attract consumers' attention and always being consistent with a good sales system to improve performance that is considered unsatisfactory.

MLPER: A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Building Earthquake Response Using Ambient Vibration Measurements

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained prominence in addressing regression problems, offering versatile architectural designs that cater to various applications. In the field of earthquake engineering, seismic response prediction is a critical area of study. Simplified models such as single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems have traditionally provided valuable insights into structural behavior, known for their computational efficiency facilitating faster simulations. However, these models have notable limitations in capturing the nuanced nonlinear behavior of structures and the spatial variability of ground motions. This study focuses on leveraging ambient vibration (AV) measurements of buildings, combined with earthquake (EQ) time-history data, to create a predictive model using a neural network (NN) in image format. The primary objective is to predict a specific building’s earthquake response accurately. The training dataset consists of 1197 MDOF 2D shear models, generating a total of 32,319 training samples. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, termed MLPER (machine learning-based prediction of building structures’ earthquake response), several metrics are employed. These include the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the mean deviation angle (MDA) for comparisons in the time domain. Additionally, we assess magnitude-squared coherence values and phase differences (Δφ) for comparisons in the frequency domain. This study underscores the potential of the MLPER as a reliable tool for predicting building earthquake responses, addressing the limitations of simplified models. By integrating AV measurements and EQ time-history data into a neural network framework, the MLPER offers a promising avenue for enhancing our understanding of structural behavior during seismic events, ultimately contributing to improved earthquake resilience in building design and engineering.

Automatic Image-Based SBFE-BESO Approach for Topology Structural Optimization

This paper presents automatic image-based topology optimization with the highest mechanical stiffness. A so-called bi-evolutionary structural optimization is encoded within the scaled boundary finite element (SBFE) framework, incorporating digital image-based quadtree (2D) and octree (3D) decomposing mesh constructions. The information on both geometry and material distribution is transparently transferred using the standard tessellation language (STL) format of digital images, which can be directly modelled for stress analyses. The polytope SBFE method allows for a computationally advantageous model construction with hanging nodes. A convolution filter scheme is applied for colour intensity adjustment between solid and void regions, leading to multi-levels in the quadtree/octree hierarchy. Combined with the convolution filter method, the matrix precomputation technique, within the polytope SBFE decomposition framework enables the automatic adaptive (digital image-based) model construction from the limited number of master cells with balanced quadtree/octree meshes. Hence, the highly efficient analysis-ready design scheme for 2D and 3D structures is carried out. The proposed approach significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom required, giving thus the computationally efficient efforts that are seen to enhance the high-resolution optimal topology of the practical-scale structures.

무한다중상 형성 원리 이해를 위한 지오지브라 활용 융합 교육 자료 개발

Objectives In this study, it was analyzed the understanding of the principle of formation of infinite multiple image of first-year students in a gifted school, and developed convergence education materials for the students' level of understanding.
 Methods A questionnaire was developed in consideration of the formation of infinite multiple images, the way two mirror images appear in infinite multiple images, and the recognition of the formation of infinite multiple images according to situational changes. Afterwards, 16 first-year students in S gifted school in Korea were asked to respond to the questionnaire, and the results were analyzed.
 Results Analyzing the students' understanding of infinite multiple image formation, most of the students were aware of infinite multiple image, but they did not know exactly how the infinite multiple image was formed. Based on the results, convergence educational materials based on ray diagram for the infinite multiple image formation were developed using GeoGebra math software.
 Conclusions The convergence education materials developed in this study can be used for gifted school students' understanding of infinite multiple images, and can be used later for convergence classes for general school students.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt- Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Microwave assisted Polyol Method

This work involves the synthesis of cobalt zinc oxide nanoparticles using a simple green method and their characterization using various techniques. Green synthesis is carried out using polyol medium and microwave heating. Polyol medium minimizes the use of chemicals while microwaves provided an energy efficient method for heating. Ethylene glycol is used as solvent along with polyvinylpyrrolidone and hydrazinium hydroxide. Domestic microwave oven is used as source for microwaves. Nanoparticles collected after washing are calcined at three different temperatures: 773 K, 973K, 1173 K. They are characterized by using IR spectroscopy, X ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. EDS study confirmed composition and empirical formula of the samples calcined at different temperatures. XRD data included peaks for zinc oxide and cobalt oxide at characteristic 2θ values and calculated crystallite size as 32.07 nm at 773 K, 40.33nm at 973K and 56.42 at 1173 K. IR studies confirmed the formation of Zn-O, Co-O bonds and TEM images confirmed homogeneous size distribution. These nanoparticles are suitable for catalytic and antibacterial applications.

Teledentistry: Evaluation of Instagram posts related to Bruxism.

Instagram statistic has attracted roughly one billion, monthly active users. In 2021, Instagram belonged to the most popular social networks worldwide. It has been considered an effective tool that contributes to the contemporary sharing of information for raising public awareness while providing educational information. The growing presence of Instagram and frequent user engagement has made it a potentially effective platform for patient communication, seeking educational information, product information for consumers, and advertisements in the form of images and videos. To assess and compare the contents of Instagram posts by healthcare professionals (HP) and non-professional healthcare workers (NPHW) on bruxism and to assess public engagement with this content. Twelve "hashtag" terms linked to bruxism were searched. HP and NPHW analyzed the content of relevant posts for the presence of domains. Discourse analysis assessed the post quality for themes. We conducted the descriptive and univariate statistical analysis, whereas Inter-rater reliability was tested using Cohen's kappa. A total of 1184 posts were retrieved, with the majority uploaded by NPHW (622 posts). The posts by HPs were in Text and image(s) format (53%) with the range of 25-1100 Instagram post "Likes." "Mouthguard" (90) % was the most frequently included domain posted by HP, followed by "treatment plan/pain management, and complaints of clicking or locking of TMJ (84%). Greater number of domains (p= 0.03) were seen in the posts by NPHWs, compared to HP's having more bruxism-related content. The inter-rater reliability method (0.89) was used for the presence of domains. NPHW uses Instagram more frequently to post bruxism-related information than HP. HPs must ascertain that the content posted by NPHW is relevant and the concerns addressed in posts are to the purpose.