Image Formation Research Articles

Different mirrors: studying the effect of perceived risks and information-seeking behavior on the perceived cognitive image of Chinese and Russian millennial tourists

ABSTRACT The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of perceived risks (PR) on the formation of pre-travel cognitive destination image (CDI) among first-time Chinese and Russian millennial tourists in Iran. It aims to explore both the direct and indirect influence of perceived risks on the cognitive perception of the destination. A quantitative approach was employed, where a survey was conducted to collect data from a sample of 446 respondents who were visiting Iran. The data were analyzed using smart-PLS, a variance-based path modeling technique. The study’s findings indicated that political, technological, health, and socio-cultural risks had a direct impact on the CDI of both Chinese and Russian millennial tourists. Additionally, the research discovered that these risks indirectly influenced CDI through the mediating role of information-seeking behavior (ISB). However, differences emerged between the two groups concerning socio-cultural and economic risks. Specifically, for Chinese millennials, both economic and socio-cultural perceived risks directly and indirectly affected CDI. On the other hand, the hypotheses regarding Russian millennials were rejected, suggesting that economic and socio-cultural perceived risks did not have a significant direct or indirect impact on their CDI. These findings highlight the varying influences of perceived risks on the formation of CDI among Chinese and Russian millennial tourists, emphasizing the importance of considering cultural and economic factors in understanding their cognitive perceptions of a destination. The paper has implications for DMOs to make efforts to find sustainable solutions in designing policies to reduce tourists’ perceived risks and improving the cognitive image of Iran.

FORMATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IMAGE OF THE CITY OF ZAPORIZHZHIA BY MEANS OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

This study examines the problems and prospects of the concept of cultural landscape design in the formation of an individual image of the city of Zaporizhzhia. In the process of identifying the features of the individual image of the city of Zaporizhzhia, a pre-project analysis of the state of the formed image was carried out. Through the study of its landscape areas and their research regarding potential development, urban recreational facilities such as parks, boulevards, fragments of gardens at public centers, landscaped adjacent areas, urban landscaped areas with a size of no more than 0.2 - 1 ha are taken into account, and as well as urban open spaces at the intersection of the main transport and pedestrian routes, in particular in the historical buildings of the city. As a result, the main problems were identified and the main directions of the development of greening of the urban environment were determined.
 In general, green areas of the city have a number of shortcomings of a systemic nature without a single stylistic and compositional approach. There are not enough green recreation areas in the central part. Therefore, the creation of a single landscaping system with its own design code and interconnected cultural landscape is possible when implementing the following proposals:
 1) Development of the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape.
 2) Development of a city-wide program for the organization of the city's green framework, taking into account the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape. 
 3) Development of a city-wide concept for the development of the coastal areas of the city of Zaporizhia, taking into account the city-wide program for the organization of the city's green framework and the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape.

Perception of 3D shape integrates intuitive physics and analysis-by-synthesis.

Many surface cues support three-dimensional shape perception, but humans can sometimes still see shape when these features are missing-such as when an object is covered with a draped cloth. Here we propose a framework for three-dimensional shape perception that explains perception in both typical and atypical cases as analysis-by-synthesis, or inference in a generative model of image formation. The model integrates intuitive physics to explain how shape can be inferred from the deformations it causes to other objects, as in cloth draping. Behavioural and computational studies comparing this account with several alternatives show that it best matches human observers (total n = 174) in both accuracy and response times, and is the only model that correlates significantly with human performance on difficult discriminations. We suggest that bottom-up deep neural network models are not fully adequate accounts of human shape perception, and point to how machine vision systems might achieve more human-like robustness.

Пропаганда бизнес-этики в России: правовые основы

Introduction. In the context of the significance of the development of the Russian economy, the culture of business communications of business entities is of particular importance. Its enhancement and stimulation are supported in every possible way by the state, and popularization of entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur among the population become the most important area of activity in achieving state goals and objectives. Though, the process of forming business ethics and legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics in the Russian legislation are still at the stage of active development. Theoretical analysis. The modern legal field primarily reflects promotion of the values of competition, promotion of social responsibility norms among entrepreneurs, promotion of legal entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur. However, most often, the legislator creates the prerequisites for the behavior desired by business in the existing legal conditions, without directly enshrining the “propaganda of business ethics”, with examples from current legislation and law enforcement practice being confirmation of that. Empirical analysis. Fragmented legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics, both at the federal and regional levels, emphasizes the lack of a systematic approach to understanding business ethics, which, in turn, may affect the effectiveness of the future formation of fair commercial practices. Result. In the legal field, business ethics should be considered as a complex, collective and still developing concept, including an attitude to the social responsibility of a business entity, corruption, healthy competition, combining elements of management ethics, corporate culture, ethics of interaction with government agencies, environmental awareness, etc. Introduction to the legal field of promoting business ethics is a natural process. Legal education remains an effective measure to promote business ethics among business entities, that pursues preventive goals, and only in conjunction with measures to support and encourage such activities at the present time, since ensuring the standards of business ethics is closely related to the absence of illegal forms of economic struggle, to building measures of economic security in the context of corporate social responsibility, rejection of corruption, etc.

Malware Detection in JPEG

Cyberattacks on people, companies, and organizations have grown in frequency. Cybercriminals are constantly searching for efficient ways to infect targets with malware in order to initiate an attack. Millions of people use images every day all throughout the world, and the majority of users think pictures to be secure for usage, however some kinds of pictures have the potential to carry a malware payload and execute detrimental acts. The main reason JPEG is the most widely used image format is because of its lossy compression. It’s applied almost everyone, from small businesses to major corporations, and is present on nearly all devices (on digital cameras, cellphones, social networking, websites, etc.). Due of their reputation for being innocuous, enormous JPEG images have a lot of potential for misuse

TERPAAN MEDIA DI INSTAGRAM TERHADAP BRAND IMAGE

Instagram is not just social media for sharing photos and videos with others. However, it is also used to develop more companies and brands. Instagram is the third most popular social media in Indonesia. Previous studies have shown that Instagram as a media has an influence on the formation and development of brand image. This situation prompted researchers to undertake research into how much influence Instagram content, consisting of advertising content and other marketing content, has on the brand image of the @scarlett_whitening account. The aim of this study is to prove the influence of Instagram content used as information about scarlett whitening brand on the level of scarlett whitening brand image by testing the theory of ad exposure. The study used quantitative methods and used a questionnaire. As a sample of the study consisting of a hundred participants, it was distributed to followers of @scarlett_whitening account, the official Instagram account of @scarlett_whitening. Purposive sampling and non-probability sampling methods were used. The study found that there was a 37.8% influence of Instagram's social media profile on the brand image on the Instagram account @scarlett_whitening. The dimension of media attention and the dimension of brand image strength are the two dimensions that produce the highest value.

Use of Internet Resources to Form a Positive Image of Modern High School

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the use of Internet resources for the formation of a positive image of a modern higher education institution (HEI). Research methodology: analysis, synthesis, generalisation of theoretical data from the research problem, systematisation, content analysis. The scientific novelty is the expansion of knowledge about the use of Internet resources by higher education institutions of Ukraine to create a positive image. We have formulated recommendations to improve this process. Conclusions. It has been established that today the most relevant and effective component of forming a positive image of educational institution is the presentation of its activities on the Internet. It is noted that websites and social networks are currently the most promising means that provide ample opportunities for higher educational institutions to talk about themselves and popularise information about their activities in the virtual space. It has been noted that in recent years, the websites of HEIs have given way to social networks, which are actively used by their target audience. It has been observed that most of the information that was previously posted exclusively on websites is duplicated in the social networks of HEIs. It has been established that EIs posts current news, announcements, photos, and videos from various activities, events on their social media pages. Therefore, HEIs should make great efforts to form a positive image, as the competition in the market of educational services is growing every year. In particular, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the use of various Internet resources, among which the most effective today are the website and social networks. Keywords: positive image, image of the institution of higher education, website, social network, Internet resource.

Fake News in the Post-COVID-19 Era? The Health Disinformation Agenda in Spain

Three years after a pandemic that demonstrated the importance of reliable health information in a news agenda dominated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we analyze the situation of health disinformation in Spain on the basis of the verifications carried out by its main fact-checking platforms. The results show that COVID-19 shared center stage with other topics in the health area. In addition, a unique agenda is evident in each situation in the study, indicating a fact-checking strategy that is differentiated according to the media outlet and type of specialization (generalist fact-checker or one specialized in health). Vaccination, nutrition, and disease treatment emerge as the most important thematic subfields. Most health hoaxes are manufactured, i.e., created from scratch, rather than being manipulated or reconfigured from real preexisting elements. The format of text and image together predominates, and new social networks (TikTok or Telegram) have appeared as platforms for the circulation of hoaxes. This indicates that providing necessary health literacy to society and giving health issues greater presence in current fact-checking agendas are strategies for combatting disinformation, which can have serious consequences, regardless of whether there is a public health crisis such as the one experienced recently.

THEOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF THE ECUMENICAL PARADIGM AND THE VALUE SPECTRUM OF INTERFAITH SOCIAL PRACTICES

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The theological intentions and practical initiatives of ecumenism of the Orthodox Church are the focus of Yu. Korniychuk's research attention [17, 18]. R. Protsyuk [19] analyzes the role of the social teaching of Orthodoxy in the formation of civil society in our country. Such domestic researchers as S. Kiyak, P. Yarotskyi, V. Yelenskyi, and O. Kiselyov were engaged in the analysis of the problems of ecumenism as a post-secular paradigm. The research objective. Given the lack of coverage of the issue of ecumenical efforts as a Christian response to the challenges of modern global society, there is a need for a critical and objective analysis of the ecumenical concept as a whole, as well as in the realm of social practices. The statement of basic materials. Ecumenism as a phenomenon originates in the Christian environment and its primary goal is to restore unity, first of all, between Christian denominations. An important component of ecumenical activity, which researchers single out, is the social dimension of ecumenism, the consequences of which are much easier to characterize in the social plane. It is worth noting that this dimension is important, given the fact that there are a large number of supporters of the ecumenical movement, who claim that the effectiveness of building ecumenical dialogue and achieving agreement in theological matters is largely determined by social unity, the development of cooperation in a social direction. The transfer of the emphasis of their ecumenical activity by Christian denominations to the sphere of social service, as a result of the confrontation with the difficulties that arose during the theological and dogmatic dialogue, created a favorable environment for the formation of a visible image of Christian unity, which is one of the main elements of the Church's mission in the world. §12 of the “Decree on Ecumenism” states that social cooperation should be aimed at: “proper appreciation of the dignity of the human person, nurturing the good of peace, applying evangelical principles in social life, developing the sciences and arts in the Christian spirit, (...) overcoming such tragedies today, such as hunger and natural disasters, illiteracy and the poor, lack of housing, unfair distribution of material goods.” Such cooperation will also contribute to better interdenominational knowledge of Christians and pave the way towards unity.

Миграционные процессы на селе и альтернативная занятость сельского населения

Abstract. Rural territories of the country have always played a primary role in the formation and maintenance of a high image of the state in the international arena, since it is rural territories that lay the food security of the country as a whole, which turns into national security. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of migration flows and their scale. Research methods are analysis and synthesis of statistical and analytical materials of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment of the Russian Federation, materials of scientific conferences and periodicals. This article discusses the development of such a direction of alternative employment as social entrepreneurship, based on the realization of people's social needs. It is proposed to develop alternative types of employment in rural areas as one of the ways to reduce unemployment and retain local residents in rural areas. Results. The study found that migration processes cover a significant part of the rural population in the regions of the country every year. Over the past twenty years, it has decreased by 3%. People are rapidly moving to the city. In 2021, the leader in the number of retired residents from rural areas is the Volga Federal District – 80,520 people, the 2nd place belongs to the Central Federal District – 53,497 people and the 3rd place is occupied by the Siberian Federal District – 52,439 people. The main factor that can restrain such changes is the activation in the development of alternative employment of the population. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of statistical data and research, promising areas of sustainable development of rural areas have been identified. The development of various types of alternative employment will help not only to maintain the population of rural residents, but also to launch the mechanism of reverse migration from the city to the village – ruralization.

Universal adaptive optics for microscopy through embedded neural network control

The resolution and contrast of microscope imaging is often affected by aberrations introduced by imperfect optical systems and inhomogeneous refractive structures in specimens. Adaptive optics (AO) compensates these aberrations and restores diffraction limited performance. A wide range of AO solutions have been introduced, often tailored to a specific microscope type or application. Until now, a universal AO solution – one that can be readily transferred between microscope modalities – has not been deployed. We propose versatile and fast aberration correction using a physics-based machine learning assisted wavefront-sensorless AO control (MLAO) method. Unlike previous ML methods, we used a specially constructed neural network (NN) architecture, designed using physical understanding of the general microscope image formation, that was embedded in the control loop of different microscope systems. The approach means that not only is the resulting NN orders of magnitude simpler than previous NN methods, but the concept is translatable across microscope modalities. We demonstrated the method on a two-photon, a three-photon and a widefield three-dimensional (3D) structured illumination microscope. Results showed that the method outperformed commonly-used modal-based sensorless AO methods. We also showed that our ML-based method was robust in a range of challenging imaging conditions, such as 3D sample structures, specimen motion, low signal to noise ratio and activity-induced fluorescence fluctuations. Moreover, as the bespoke architecture encapsulated physical understanding of the imaging process, the internal NN configuration was no-longer a “black box”, but provided physical insights on internal workings, which could influence future designs.

Communication component in the formation of the image of higher education institutions based on a marketing approach

The work examines the communication component in the formation of the image of higher education institutions. The variety of approaches to defining the "marketing of educational services" category is summarized. The marketing of higher education institutions is substantiated within the framework of various concepts of marketing in the conditions of competition: production concept, product concept, sales concept, classical concept, socio-ethical concept. Partnership concept of marketing is singled out as a philosophy of higher education institution functioning. Attention is focused on the need to develop and implement an active marketing policy and use modern marketing tools and technologies for the development of the ecosystem of higher education institutions. The necessity of forming the image of a higher education institution as a certain system of evaluations of various target audiences, which are formed due to effective marketing communications, is updated. Establishing a partnership and deepening cooperation with partners of higher education institutions using marketing tools is an important tool for image activities of higher education institutions. Emotional marketing is one of the elements of forming a positive image, bright emotions and a sense of belonging to higher education institutions. This component has a direct relationship with the marketing and advertising of the university, because disappointments from expectations damage the image and reputation of the brand. A communication policy or a promotion policy, which involves the unification of all communication channels, tools and means of conveying information about the educational brand, educational product and educational services to target audiences, is one of priority areas of marketing activities regarding image formation. The necessity of forming a communication strategy of a higher education institution consisting of marketing, creative and media strategies is substantiated. Social media as part of the global digital infrastructure, which includes social networks, professional platforms, blogs, wikis and many other formats, is singled out as an important communication tool of institutions. The advantages of social networks for universities, namely: improved communication, activation of the processes of recruiting and admission of students, connections with graduates, dissemination of knowledge, promotion of research and achievements, strengthening of the brand, image formation and management of the university's reputation have been identified

Медийная картина мира как объект научного описания

The purpose of the article is to consider the formation, development and modern approaches to the study of one of the key concepts for media research — the media picture of the world. The relevance of the study is due to the growing influence of media representation of events formed by the media with the help of linguomedia construction technologies on public consciousness and behavior. The study of the media picture of the world as an object of scientific description is based on an integrative approach,
 including its consideration in a historical perspective, analysis of various approaches to definition, as well as a review of modern theories and methods of study. Particular attention is paid to the historical and philosophical roots of the modern interpretation of the concept of “media picture of the world”, domestic research in this area, as well as methods of modeling the modern media picture of the world, which allows us to analyze the processes of formation of media images in dynamics. As a result of the study, the key properties of the media picture of the world are highlighted, such as:the media picture of the world is an open nonlinear dynamic system that has both a holistic and mosaic character; The media picture of the world,formed by national media, reflects and reproduces the sociocultural specifics of a certain civilizational community and region.

Analyzing The Advantages of User-generated Content Advertising Platform: A Case Study on Little Red Book

With the introduction of Web 2.0, internet users have become targets of information dissemination. Advertising based on user-generated content (UGC) has gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of the Little Red Book. Using Little Red Book as a case study, relevant data on UGC and the Little Red Book platform over the past five years, along with the 4Ps factors of marketing mix theory, were applied to analyze the three primary reasons why Little Red Book successfully occupied a large share of the UGC market and to provide three recommendations. First, Little Red Book's user verticality is high, accurately positioning the female market and the middle-to-upper-class demographic. Suggest increasing the number of users, penetrating a "shrinking market," and developing the economy. Second, Little Red Book UGC advertising is driven by content quality, which is advantageous for brand image formation. Propose establishing an online e-commerce business and a commercial closed-loop. Lastly, the UGC advertising investment cost for Little Red Book is low, and the return rate is high. It is advised to standardize the advertising pricing mechanism, increase the KOL threshold, and establish a brand cooperation system in collaboration with MCN.

The Research on the Symbol Intention Communication in Dior Advertisements Taking the Dior Joy Perfume Advertisement as an Example

Dior advertisements are an elegant and high-end brand, and they often use various symbols to convey the brands intention. This article analyzes the symbolic intent in Dior brand advertisements to explore the positive and negative effects on consumers and marketing. Starting with an introduction to the development and significance of the Dior brand, the article explains the background and purpose of the study. The article then identifies key symbols, including the brand logo, color, and visual effects, and uses a range of methods such as textual and image analysis to explore the meaning, experience, and visual impact of these symbols on viewers. The article also looks at how these symbols affect the psychology of the audience. Analyzing the use of symbols in Dior advertisements is of great value for understanding the brand image formation and brand communication. Finally, the article discusses the advantages and limitations of using symbolic intent in marketing from the perspective of the research findings, and summarizes the conclusions and results of the study.

Fully automated point spread function analysis using PyCalibrate.

Reproducibility is severely limited if instrument performance is assumed rather than measured. Within optical microscopy, instrument performance is typically measured using sub-resolution fluorescent beads. However, the process is performed infrequently as it is requires time and suitably trained staff to acquire and then process the bead images. Analysis software still requires the manual entry of imaging parameters. Human error from repeatedly typing these parameters can significantly affect the outcome of the analysis, rendering the results less reproducible. To avoid this issue, PyCalibrate has been developed to fully automate the analysis of bead images. PyCalibrate can be accessed either by executing the Python code locally or via a user-friendly web portal to further improve accessibility when moving between locations and machines. PyCalibrate interfaces with the BioFormats library to make it compatible with a wide range of proprietary image formats. In this study, PyCalibrate analysis performance is directly compared with alternative free-access analysis software PSFj, MetroloJ QC and DayBook 3 and is demonstrated to have equivalent performance but without the need for user supervision.

PERSPECTIVES ON THE SUBJECT MODEL OF MENTAL TRAUMA AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

The article presents the perspectives of considering psychological trauma and related disorders, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), through the concept of subjectness - the subjectness model of psychological trauma. Psychic trauma is defined as an area of the self with a critical devaluation of subjectness. The concepts of subjectness are briefly reviewed, and three main aspects are highlighted: synthesizing, activity, and cognitive. The synthesizing function (aspect) of subjectivity is responsible for the formation of a holistic image of oneself, the world, and relationships - the more holistically an individual perceives the world and oneself, including one's life narrative in the form of a holistic autobiographical time, the higher the level of one's subjectivity. The cognitive function corresponds to the transfer of the sensory level of information to the abstract level and the creation, construction, and restructuring of mental models of the world by setting and solving problems. The synthesizing and cognitive function can be compared to such a concept as mentalization. The activity function corresponds to the individual's sense of himself as a free author of his life and ability to act in sense of a personal form of behavior in which he independently chooses goals and ways of achieving them, and/or an act of moral self-determination in which he asserts himself as a person. The activity function can be compared to such a concept as agency. It is shown that the critical devaluation of the synthesizing function of subjectness can describe the phenomenon of post-traumatic split personality, the devaluation of the activity function of subjectivity – a group of avoidance symptoms in PTSD and post-traumatic negative self-concept, the devaluation of the cognitive function – the inability to integrate the experience of traumatic stress and its existence in a dissociated sensory form. Examples of the author's models of post-traumatic splitting, devaluation of mentalization and formation of a negative self-concept through the formation of a complex of learned helplessness are presented. The concept of subjectness can be convenient for describing mental trauma because, on the one hand, it is holistic and humanistic. On the other hand, it allows working with individual functions of subjectness.

High dimensional optical data - varifocal multiview imaging, compression and evaluation.

Varifocal multiview (VFMV) is an emerging high-dimensional optical data in computational imaging and displays. It describes scenes in angular, spatial, and focal dimensions, whose complex imaging conditions involve dense viewpoints, high spatial resolutions, and variable focal planes, resulting in difficulties in data compression. In this paper, we propose an efficient VFMV compression scheme based on view mountain-shape rearrangement (VMSR) and all-directional prediction structure (ADPS). The VMSR rearranges the irregular VFMV to form a new regular VFMV with mountain-shape focusing distributions. This special rearrangement features prominently in enhancing inter-view correlations by smoothing focusing status changes and moderating view displacements. Then, the ADPS efficiently compresses the rearranged VFMV by exploiting the enhanced correlations. It conducts row-wise hierarchy divisions and creates prediction dependencies among views. The closest adjacent views from all directions serve as reference frames to improve the prediction efficiency. Extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed scheme outperforms comparison schemes by quantitative, qualitative, complexity, and forgery protection evaluations. As high as 3.17 dB gains of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 61.1% bitrate savings can be obtained, achieving the state-of-the-art compression performance. VFMV is also validated could serve as a novel secure imaging format protecting optical data against the forgery of large models.

Model Self-Adaptive Display for 2D–3D Registration

In the 2D–3D registration process, due to the differences in CAD model sizes, models may be too large to be displayed in full or too small to have obvious features. To address these problems, previous studies have attempted to adjust parameters manually; however, this is imprecise and frequently requires multiple adjustments. Thus, in this paper, we propose the model self-adaptive display of fixed-distance and maximization (MSDFM) algorithm. The uncertainty of the model display affects the storage costs of pose images, and pose images themselves occupy a large amount of storage space; thus, we also propose the storage optimization based on the region of interest (SOBROI) method to reduce storage costs. The proposed MSDFM algorithm retrieves the farthest point of the model and then searches for the maximum pose image of the model display through the farthest point. The algorithm then changes the projection angle until the maximum pose image is maximized within the window. The pose images are then cropped by the proposed SOBROI method to reduce storage costs. By labeling the connected domains in the binary pose image, an external rectangle of the largest connected domain is applied to crop the pose image, which is then saved in the lossless compression portable network image (PNG) format. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MSDFM algorithm can automatically adjust models of different sizes. In addition, the results show that the proposed SOBROI method reduces the storage space of pose libraries by at least 89.66% and at most 99.86%.

Digital reference objects for evaluating algorithm performance in MR image formation

PurposeDigital Reference Objects (DROs) are mathematical phantoms that can serve as a basis for evaluating MR image quality (IQ) in an objective way. Their main purpose is to facilitate the establishment of fully automated and perfectly reproducible IQ metrics to objectively compare different algorithms in MR image formation in a standardized manner. They also allow to re-build parts of standard phantoms. MethodsWe sample DROs directly in k-space, using analytical formulas for the continuous Fourier transform of primitive shapes. We demonstrate this DRO approach by applying a state-of-the-art CNN-based denoising algorithm that is robust to varying noise levels to noisy images of the resolution section of the well-known ACR phantom for IQ assessment, reconstructed from both measured and simulated k-space data. ResultsApplying the CNN-based denoising algorithm to the measured and simulated version of the ACR phantom resolution section produced virtually identical results, as confirmed by visual and quantitative comparison. ConclusionsDROs can help guide technology selection during the development of new algorithms in MR image formation, e.g., via deep learning. This could be an important step towards reproducible MR image formation.