Formation Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications of CuO Nanoparticles Using Prosopis Cineraria Seed Extract

Abstract The current study used a seed extract of Prosopis cineraria as a stabilizing and reducing agent to produce CuO nanoparticles via an easy, low-cost, affordable, and environmentally friendly synthesis process. The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles and the maximum absorbance of the CuO nanoparticles produced in the solution at 565 nm were verified by UV-vis. Copper oxide nanoparticles were found to have secondary metabolites on their surface, as shown by a distinctive Cu-O stretching band at 532 cm−1, which confirmed the reduced Cu2+ ions in copper oxide nanoparticles. This was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The XRD analysis confirmed the produced copper oxide nanoparticles’ monoclinic crystalline nanostructure with an average particle size of 34 nm. The phytonutrients in Prosopis cineraria seed extract stabilized and reduced copper, as demonstrated by the existence of copper and oxygen atoms at 85.2% and 12.5%, respectively, as demonstrated by SEM-EDX analysis. According to the HR-TEM study, copper oxide nanoparticles with a mean size of 18 nm are spherical in shape and well distributed. Prosopis cineraria seed extract-derived copper oxide nanoparticles were utilized as a catalyst in the Ullmann process to produce diphenyl ether. CuO nanoparticles produced by Prosopis cineraria seed extraction as a catalyst yielded 91% diphenyl ether. The results showed that a more ecologically friendly way of synthesizing copper oxide nanoparticles with great homogeneity of particle sizes could be achieved using seed extract. This work aims to facilitate heterogeneous catalysis from CuO nanoparticles utilising Prosopis cineraria seed extract. Overall, this technique offers several advantages, like high yields at fast reaction times, and low catalyst loading are just a few of this approach’s many benefits.

Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Clausena anisata leaf and Euphorbia abyssinica bark extracts and its comparative study of antibacterial activities

Green synthesis of metallic oxide nanoparticles has been used and preferred over physical and chemical methods of synthesis since it is a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method. This study aims to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles that were successfully synthesized using Clausena anisata leaf and Euphorbia abyssinica bark by using copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) as a precursor. The copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using 2.5 mL of Clausena anisata leaf and the same amount of Euphorbia abyssinica bark extracts in 10 mL of a 15 mM CuSO4·5H2O solution using the green method. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by the UV–visible absorption spectrum in an intense surface plasmon resonance between 330 and 370 nm, which revealed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the crystalline nature of CuO NPs. The average crystalline size of CuO NPs synthesized from Clausena anisata and Euphorbia abyssinica is 47.15 and 19.34 nm, respectively. The FT-IR results showed the existence of bioactive functional groups required for the reduction of copper ions, whereas the results of SEM confirm the green synthesized CuO NPs are spherical in shape. For antibacterial activity studies, the agar disk diffusion method was used. Anti-bacterial activities were studied against three different bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae) using CuO NPs (100–12.5 mg/mL). Ciprofloxacin and dimethyl sulphoxide, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (60 µg/mL) inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae with inhibition zones of 18, 20, and 25 mm, respectively. The CuO NPs synthesized from Euphorbia abyssinica bark showed higher anti-bacterial activity. Euphorbia abyssinica bark-mediated CuO NPs exhibited inhibition zones of 7, 11, and 13 mm against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conversely, Clausena anisata leaf-mediated CuO NPs demonstrated inhibition zones of 8, 14, and 15 mm against the same microorganisms.

Structural and antibacterial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles: a study on the effect of calcination temperature

Nanoparticles of copper oxide were synthesized by the simple precipitation method. The influence of calcination temperature on the structural characteristics and antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The nanoparticles were analyzed by Bruner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analyzer, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The findings demonstrated the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles showing a monoclinic phase. Before calcination, the nanoparticles showed a high BET surface area with rod shape morphology and size range between 18–70 nm and after calcination, irregular spherical-like morphology with size range of 20–200 nm was observed. However, it was evident that the BET surface area decreased gradually with increasing calcination temperature, while the nanoparticle size increased forming an irregular spherical shape. Subsequently, the copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrated that they are highly effective for bacteria inactivation. The inactivation activity was found to be more effective with uncalcined nanoparticles than with calcined nanoparticles. This was due to the large nanoparticle sizes and the decrease in surface area obtained after calcination. Thus, it was noted that calcination of the as-prepared nanoparticles significantly affects the structural and antibacterial properties. Hence, for antibacterial application, calcination was not necessary as the nanoparticles showed excellent antibacterial results.

Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) with Biogenically Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using an Extract of the Myriophyllum spicatum Plant

The biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles was explored using the Myriophyllum spicatum plant through a process involving co-precipitation and was utilized as an effective photocatalyst for the reduction of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution. The plant-mediated CuO nanoparticles were characterized using microscopic techniques (TEM and SEM), FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The amount of the reduced metal ions was determined by UV–visible and Atomic Absorption (AA) spectrophotometers. The analyses of the functional group present in the leaf extract revealed the type of bioactive molecules that were involved in the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were used in the photo-enhanced reduction of hexavalent Cr and divalent Pb ions, and the impact of solution pH, initial metal concentrations, and photocatalyst dosage was investigated to establish the optimal performance of the CuO nanoparticles. Results revealed a direct association between the reduction of metal ions and catalyst dosage in both cases. A maximum percentage reduction of 89.2% and 79.1% was achieved for Cr(VI) and Pb(II), respectively, using 3 g of the CuO nanoparticles. This confirms that the CuO nanoparticles exhibited higher efficiency for Cr(VI) reduction as compared to Pb(II) reduction and indicates that CuO nanoparticles are a promising photocatalyst that is capable of reducing these metal ions into less toxic products.

Antibacterial and anticancer activity (PANC-1) of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus

Copper oxide nanoparticle was biosynthesized using the petals of Catharanthus roseus, and it was found to exhibit anticancer activity in a human pancreatic cell line (PANC-1). The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM techniques. XRD confirms the coexistence of CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles with an average grain size of 15 nm. FTIR spectra possess bands that indicate the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM show spherical shape morphology with an average particle size of 19.6 nm to 32.6 nm. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity, and the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a better zone of inhibition than standard streptomycin. The copper oxide nanoparticle was tested for anticancer activity in the PANC-1 line, and the results confirm that cells undergo cell shrinkage in the cytoplasm, which suggested the cytotoxic behavior. The viability of cells was evaluated by an inverted phase contrast microscope followed by the MTT assay method.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING COFFEE, Piper Nigrum, AND Coriandrum Sativum AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE

This study focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles and its utilization in the development of nanotechnology for promoting environmental sustainability. Copper Oxide nanoparticles are synthesized using plant extracts of Coffee, Piper Nigrum, and Coriandrum Sativum containing bio-components acting as reducing agents to reduce 1M Copper Sulphate (CuSO₄.5H₂O) solution., for further formation of Copper Oxide nanoparticles. Instrumental techniques were adopted to characterize the synthesized Copper Oxide nanoparticles, Viz. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These biosynthesized Copper Oxide nanoparticles were employed as catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye, resulting in a very effective and feasible photocatalyst.

PH reaction effect on biosynthesis of CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles by Moringa oleifera leaves extracts for antioxidant activities

In this study, successfully investigated the biosynthesis of cupric oxide (CuO) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera aqueous leaves extract. The effect of pH on the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles, the optical properties, and free radical scavenging activities was studied. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. UV-Vis spectra showed a peak with strong absorption at 275 nm for copper oxide with a direct bandgap of 2.59–2.65 eV and an indirect bandgap of 1.74–1.87 eV. FTIR analysis revealed two distinct absorption bands at 511 and 528 cm−1, which showed the successful production of copper oxide nanoparticles. The average crystallize size of copper oxide nanoparticles was 18–26 nm. It is clear from SEM images that CuO/Cu2O NPs have, in general, a spherical morphology with particle sizes less than 80–100 nm. Interestingly, the prepared CuO/Cu2O NPs showed high free radical scavenging activities.

Green Approach for the Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Effect against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Nowadays, nanotechnology has gained promising advantages in the medical and pharmaceutical field by improving the delivery of drug to the target site. Morinda citrifolia L. belongs to the genus Morinda of the family Rubiaceae and know as ‘Pokok Mengkudu’ in Malay. Aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia treated with copper (II) sulfate results in the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The size of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) was 10-30nm spherical in shape using TEM analysis. UV spectrophotometer showed the absorption peak at 306nm. SEM analyses confirm the surface morphology of nanoparticles showed spherical shaped particles. FTIR spectroscopy showed broad absorption bands between 2800 and 4000 cm−1 showed C-O, OH, C=O stretch are associated with nanoparticles. Zeta potential showed the value of 21.8 mV and -6.45 mV confirms the stability of nanoparticles. These CuONPs showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591) 20mm, Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) 16 mm, Salmonella typhi, 17mm Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) 18mm and Vibrio cholerae 20mm. CuONPs also had significant antibacterial properties against Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 4330). These CuONPs also show good synergistic affect along with Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin and Amoxicillin antibiotic against bacterial pathogens respectively.

Antimicrobial and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Copper oxide nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a simple solution combustion technique with cupric nitrate and glycine solutions. The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surface structure of nanoparticles was obtained by scanning electron microscopy. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirm the existence of mixed-phase copper oxide nanoparticles. The standard agar well diffusion technique has been adopted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles and found suitable for antimicrobial applications. The nonlinear optical activity of the copper oxide nanoparticles was studied using Z-scanning with a continuous-wave laser at 532 nm wavelength. The experimental result suggests that the prominent nonlinear absorption in the nanoparticles having a nonlinear absorption coefficient of 7.14 × 10-2 cm/W. Nanoparticles display superior optical limitation due to strong nonlinear absorption in the nanoparticles which may be attributed to interband and intraband transitions.

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Copper Nanoparticles from Methanolic Extract of Bulb of Zephyranthes citrina

This work reports the biosynthesis, characterization and biological studies of copper oxide nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of bulb of Zephyranthes citrina. The synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using various spectral techniques. The functional, structural and morphological studies were confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and SEM respectively. The elemental composition was determined by EDAX analysis. The various spectral data confirms the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles and is found to be orthorhombic, 18-50 nm of size and spherical in shape. The synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles were investigated for antibacterial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis), gram negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebseilla pneumoniae) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum) activities with different pathogens. The results revealed that copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit excellent inhibition efficiency against representative microorganisms. The outcome of the study could be useful for the development of value added products from indigenous medicinal plants. © 2020 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.

Phyto assisted synthesis and characterization of Scoparia dulsis L. leaf extract mediated porous nano CuO photocatalysts and its anticancer behavior

In this scientific report we present the synthesis of series of copper oxide nanostructures with porous nature using very rapid and efficient Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) methodology. The synthesis utilizes various volumes of crude leaves extract of Scoparia dulsis L. (SD). that has definite role in directing the particle size of copper oxide nanoparticles (CSD NPs) during the reduction process. The CSD NPs are well characterized by the various analytical and microscopic tools. FT-IR spectra confirms the Cu–O bond formation. The p-XRD patterns reveals the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles with average particle size of 11.95–16.64 nm. The porous morphology of the nanostructures and the elemental composition purity are evident from the micrographs obtained from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis was carried out and band gap via Tauc-plot relation and was found in the range of 3.47–3.96 eV. A large surface to volume ratio and the pore volume of CSD NPs was observed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analysis. The prepared nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic study rendering two model dyes (Methylene blue and Methyl orange) to colorless degraded products after 180 min with efficiency more than 90%. Significant invitro anti-inflammatory behavior is observed for all CSD NPs with % protection of HRBC more than 82%. The CSD NPs proved significant cytotoxicity effect against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells with IC50 value more than 95 µg/ml. Thus, the CSD NPs are believed to possess multifaceted applications in environmental and biomedical fields.

Andean Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) Leaf-Mediated Synthesis of Cu2O Nanoparticles: A Low-Cost Approach.

In this work, Andean sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) leaves were used to prepare monodispersed cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles under heating. Visual color changes and UV-visible spectroscopy of colloidal nanoparticles showed λmax at 255 nm, revealing the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 6–10 nm. The semi-crystalline nature and Cu2O phase of as-prepared nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids and sugar in the sacha inchi leaf, allowing the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles from Cu2+. Additionally, as-synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles exhibited good photocatalytic degradation activity against methylene blue (>78%, 150 min) with rate constant 0.0219106 min−1. The results suggested that the adopted method is low-cost, simple, ecofriendly and highly selective for the synthesis of small Cu2O nanoparticles and may be used as a nanocatalyst in the future in the efficient treatment of organic pollutants in water.

In-Situ Growth of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Cellulose Nanofibrils for Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Applications

Nanocellulose is known to act as a platform for the in-situ formation of metal oxide nanoparticles, where the multiple components of the resultant hybrids act synergistically toward specific applications. However, typical mineralization reactions require hydrothermal conditions or addition of further reducing agents. Herein, we demonstrate that carboxylated cellulose nanofibril-based films can spontaneously grow functional metal oxide nanoparticles during the adsorption of heavy metal ions from water, without the need of any further chemicals or temperature. Despite the apparent universality of this behavior with different metal ions, this work focuses on studying the in-situ formation of copper oxide nanoparticles on TOCNF films as well as the resultant hybrid films with improved functionality toward dye removal from water and antimicrobial activity. Using a combination of cutting-edge techniques (e.g., in-situ SAXS and QCMD) to systematically follow the nanoparticle formation on the nanocellulosic films in real time, we suggest a plausible mechanism of assembly. Our results confirm that carboxylated cellulose nanofibril films act as universal substrate for the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles, and thus hybrid nanomaterials, during metal ion adsorption processes. This phenomenon enables the upcycling of nanocellulosic materials through multistage applications, thus increasing its sustainability and efficiency in terms of an optimal use of resources.

Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract Mediated Facile Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Photocatalytic Activity

In this research study, the sustainable and eco-friendly green synthesis report on the use of plant extract alternate to chemicals was discussed. The Catharanthus roseus extract was used as a natural reagent to synthesize nanoparticles a brief discussion on the usage of plant extract were also summarized.Copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared using a simple way involving the combination reaction between copper nitrate and leaf extract. The synthesis under leaf extract response played an important role and led to the formation of copper oxide NPs of different size and shapes. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis–DRS, PL, SEM with EDX and TEM analysis. The crystalline structure and phase identification was examined using XRD analysis, The XRD results revealed formation of pure phase without any post annealing. Formation of the metal oxygen bond of CuO nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of the CuO nanoparticles depicted nanorods and the size difference depends upon the method of synthesis. EDX analysis confirmed the phase-purity of the as synthesized nanoparticles. UV-Vis DRS of the as obtained nanorods exhibited the absorbance in the visible region. Photocatalytic activities of the CuO nanoparticles were evaluated based on photodegradation of rose Bengal under UV light irradiation. The results suggested that the nanocatalyst CuO has potential applications as an efficient catalytic material with high efficiency for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation.

Preparation and Characterization of CuO Nano Particles Using Sol-Gel Method and Its Application as CuO/ Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Supported Catalyst

In this research copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel method. In this method CuCl₂.2H₂O was used as precursor, the obtained CuO nanoparticles were further supported by alumina to produce copper oxide support on alumina catalyst, the copper oxide nanoparticle and the catalyst were characterized using different analytical techniques such as titrimetric method, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the catalyst was applied in the synthesis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The obtained results indicated the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper oxide supported in alumina catalyst in high quality, also the catalyst increased the rate of formation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).

Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Green Leaves Extract of Azadirachta Indica

In this article, we present the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Azadirachta Indica, characterization and their optical properties. Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature with the help of green principles using Azadirachta Indica leaf extract as this reduces the use and generation of hazardous substances. The leaf extract of Azadirachta Indica acts as a very good reducing agent and the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles are safer for the environment. The product was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Morphology study indicates spherical nature of the nanoparticles and formation of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX. SEM analysis showed that the synthesized NPs were in the range of 50–200 nm. Furthermore, the estimated band gap was 2.4 eV as determined by UV-Visible spectral analysis. The outcomes of the synthesis certainly contribute to the developing a better understanding of simple, low-cost, green and nontoxic synthesis methods and growing the knowledge base needed to design a suitable risk assessment framework and for further useful applications.

Biofabrication of highly pure copper oxide nanoparticles using wheat seed extract and their catalytic activity: A mechanistic approach

Abstract A facile novel green methodology is presented for the synthesis of highly stable and well-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles using aqueous wheat seed extract. Under optimal reaction conditions, the wheat seed extract-derived electron-rich biomolecules were functioned as a reducing and capping/ stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet-visible absorption peak at 300 nm was confirmed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis determined Cu–O bonds in nanosample, indicating the active role of functional groups in the wheat seed extract in bio-reduction of Cu cations. X-ray diffraction pattern results demonstrated the monoclinic structure of highly pure biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 20.76 nm. The stability of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed after 3 months’ storage of product with no sedimentation or suspension. Transmission electron microscopy results showed the spherical shape of nano-particle with an average size of 22 ± 1.5 nm. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analyses revealed only copper and oxygen elements in the sample, confirming the purity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Bio-assisted copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrated significant catalytic efficiency and reusability toward 4-nitrophenol removal by an average of 97.6% from aqueous solutions after successive 5 days’ exposure to UV irradiation.

Kinetic Isotherm Studies of Azo Dyes by Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles Adsorbent

We reported the synthesis of Cu4O3 nanoparticles fabricated by Camellia Sinensis (green tea) leaves extract as reducing and stabilizing agent and studied the azo dyes removal efficiency. The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed after change in solution of salt and plant extract from green to pale yellow. Subsequently, the above said nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV spectrophotometer for size and morphology. The average particle size of copper oxide nanoparticle was found to be 17.26nm by XRD shrerrer equation, average grain diameter by SEM was calculated 8.5×10-2mm with spherical and oval shaped. UV spectroscopy range was between 200-400nm. These copper oxide nanoparticles were applied as azo dyes (Congo red and malachite green) degradation. Effect of reaction parameters were studied for optimum conditions. Kinetic models like Langmuir, Freundlich and elovich models were applied. Finally, concluded that these particles are effective degradation potential of azo dyes at about 70-75% from aqueous solution.

Copper(II) oxide nanocatalyst preparation and characterization: green chemistry route

BackgroundGreen synthesis as a technique of preparation of metal/metal oxide nanomaterials is becoming an important and competitive method of preparation replacing the conventional method of preparation. Among metal oxides, nanocatalyst copper(II) oxide is considered as a very important and potent catalyst/photocatalyst with a very wide range of applications.ResultsIn this work, copper(II) oxide nanoparticles were prepared with the assist of aqueous spinach extract from copper metal powder. Spinach extract catalyzes the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles with manipulation of chlorophyll that exists in the extract. The produced copper(II) oxide nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).ConclusionsIt was proved that spinach extract catalyzes the preparation of copper(II) oxide nanocatalyst. It was elucidated from the characterization technique that the produced nanoparticles are pure copper oxide with particle size range of 60–100 nm.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and mosquito larvicidal activity against dengue, zika and chikungunya causing vector Aedes aegypti.

In the present study, high purity copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using Tridax procumbens leaf extract. Green syntheses of nano-mosquitocides rely on plant compounds as reducing and stabilising agents. Copper oxide NPs were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. XRD studies of the NPs indicate crystalline nature which was perfectly matching with a monoclinic structure of bulk CuO with an average crystallite size of 16 nm. Formation of copper oxide NPs was confirmed by FT-IR studies and photoluminescence spectra with emission peaks at 331, 411 and 433 nm were assigned to a near-band-edge emission band of CuO in the UV, violet and blue region. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies inferred the phytochemical constituents of the leaf extract. Larvicidal activity of synthesised NPs using T. procumbens leaf extract was tested against Aedes aegypti species (dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever transmit vector).