Abstract
Abstract A facile novel green methodology is presented for the synthesis of highly stable and well-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles using aqueous wheat seed extract. Under optimal reaction conditions, the wheat seed extract-derived electron-rich biomolecules were functioned as a reducing and capping/ stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet-visible absorption peak at 300 nm was confirmed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis determined Cu–O bonds in nanosample, indicating the active role of functional groups in the wheat seed extract in bio-reduction of Cu cations. X-ray diffraction pattern results demonstrated the monoclinic structure of highly pure biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 20.76 nm. The stability of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed after 3 months’ storage of product with no sedimentation or suspension. Transmission electron microscopy results showed the spherical shape of nano-particle with an average size of 22 ± 1.5 nm. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analyses revealed only copper and oxygen elements in the sample, confirming the purity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Bio-assisted copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrated significant catalytic efficiency and reusability toward 4-nitrophenol removal by an average of 97.6% from aqueous solutions after successive 5 days’ exposure to UV irradiation.
Highlights
(wagging) bands, respectively (Figure 2b) [47]. These results indicate an electrostatic interaction between electron-rich amino, ketonic C=O and alcoholic OH groups present in wheat seed extract and Cu ions which in turn leads to biosynthesize of CuO NPs [2]
Copper oxide nanoparticles were obtained under optimal reaction conditions of neutral pH and short time of 25 min at a temperature of 70°C
All standard techniques including UV-vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of well dispersed CuO nanoparticle
Summary
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