Formation Of Clinical Thinking Research Articles

ОТ ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИКИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ К ВРАЧЕБНОМУ МЫШЛЕНИЮ

Based on a critical analysis of literary data and our own experience in teaching medical terminology toRussian (Russian-speaking) students, the work presents the features of terminology that determine the basicprinciples of linguodidactics of this discipline and the success of its mastery. Using the identified features as an example, methodological approaches to describing cognitive processes in the formation of clinical thinkingof a future doctor are assessed. The hypothesis about the hierarchical structure of linguistic knowledge and clinical thinking is discussed. It is concluded that it is necessary to integrate scientific data from neurobiologicalsciences at the present stage of development of didactics in the formation of clinical thinking. Key words: veterinary terminology, clinical thinking, didactics, veterinary education.

The condition of the oral mucosa and salivary glands against the background of systemic diseases

The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of the manifestations in the oral cavity of systemic diseases in patients, such as diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of the liver, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, iron deficiency anemia, based on domestic and foreign literature data for the last 10 years. The review will focus on diseases affecting the oral mucosa and salivary glands, since these tissues are of the greatest interest to practicing dentists of all profiles. Pathological processes that occur in the human body due to systemic diseases are often manifested through changes in the mucous membrane or organs of the oral cavity and in most cases are the first clinical signs of metabolic disorders, especially in diseases of the digestive, endocrine, hematopoietic systems. The degree of manifestation of somatic pathologies in the oral cavity is directly dependent on the severity of the disease, since the physiological processes in the body acquire a pathological character. This article will be useful for practicing dentists of all specialties, for the formation of clinical thinking.

Integrative approach as a vector of personalization of educational practices in a medical university

Introduction. The article discusses the formation of a model of a high quality educational process in a medical university in order to prepare a highly qualified specialist and a versatile educated person. Purpose setting. The objective of the study was to analyze the process of formation of clinical thinking, intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of preparing future specialists for professional activities in a medical university, based on the use of an integrative approach, assessment of the type of thinking and learning; constitutional features of the student and teacher; semantic differential method. Methodology and methods of the study. The methodology of the material presented in the article is based on the introduction of a systematic (holistic) approach to study the individual constitutional (mental and physical) characteristics of teachers and medical students in connection with training and further professional activities. Results. The article analyzes current trends and problematic issues of the educational process in pedagogy and andragogy, due to technological progress, the development of digital technologies, distance types and forms of education, the formation of the so-called «digital generation» of students, requiring the development and implementation of innovative methodological approaches and methods in the educational process training of specialists in medical universities. The necessity of forming not only intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of mastering a profession, but also conceptual and logical schemes of clinical thinking using the method of semantic differential is demonstrated. The role of the constitutional features of the teacher and student in the training of future specialists is shown. The relationship between the professional and personal qualities of a high school teacher and students is illustrated.Conclusion. The use of an integrative approach greatly contributes to improving the quality of the educational process in the professional training of a future medical specialist.

Importance of clinical parameters for cultivation of critical care thinking by online teaching of critical care medicine

BackgroundThe teaching of critical care medicine is a very important task, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The understanding of critical care parameters is the foundation and core, which is conducive to the formation of clinical thinking. This study is to evaluate the training effect of teaching of critical care parameters based on an online platform, and explore the teaching methods of critical care medicine that can help to cultivate trainees’ clinical thinking and practical ability.MethodsQuestionnaires were released before and after the training through the official new media platform “Yisheng” application (APP) of China Medical Tribune involving 1109 participants. The trainees who filled in the questionnaire in APP and received training were randomly selected as the investigated population. Statistical description and analysis were carried out using SPSS 20.0 and Excel 2020.ResultsThe trainees were mainly attending physicians in tertiary hospitals and above. Among all critical care parameters, trainees paid more attention to critical hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics, severity of illness scoring systems, critical ultrasound, and critical hemofiltration. The degree of satisfaction with the courses was high, especially the course of critical hemodynamics was scored the highest. The trainees believed that the course contents were of great help to clinical work. However, no significant difference was found in the trainees’ understanding or cognition of the connotation of the parameters before and after the training.ConclusionTeaching of critical care parameters based on an online platform is conducive to improving and consolidating the clinical care ability of trainees. However, it is still necessary to strengthen the cultivation of clinical thinking in critical care. In the future, the integration of theory with practice must be strengthened in clinical practice, ultimately achieving the homogeneous diagnosis and treatment of patients with critical illness.

ENHANCING QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN SURGERY: THE INTEGRATION OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The goal of medical universities is to train highly qualified personnel who will be able to make a difference in the country's future development. One of the effective methods to achieve this is by introducing modern teaching methods and technologies that gradually update and improve the content, methods, tools, and pedagogical technologies used in the doctor’s training process, ultimately improving the quality of education. This approach is essential at all stages of training highly qualified specialists in academic disciplines at higher medical schools.
 Today, an important element of improving the quality of education is the active implementation of interactive learning technologies in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. These technologies aim to promote the individual formation of professional skills in students, optimize general erudition, stimulate the creative component of the student's personality, and develop cognitive processes such as perception, memory, attention, and imagination. They also cultivate intellectual skills such as analysis, comparison, identifying key information, critical thinking, and decision-making.
 At the Department of Surgery No. 1 of the Poltava State Medical University, a combination of traditional curriculum structure with interactive learning technologies has significantly improved students' success rate in assimilating educational material, promoted the formation of clinical thinking, and enhanced their professional skills and abilities. This approach requires a clear step-by-step implementation by teachers, with a focus on forecasting the results of the learning process, which enables faster and more effective achievement of learning goals.

ROLE OF COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES IN ENHANCING PERCEPTION AND ASSIMILATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL BY MEDICAL STUDENTS

Rapid changes in the life of society and an individual person, information exchange between them contribute to the development of cognitive activity, and in practical terms reflect the ability of education seekers to learn. With the cognitive approach, all processes are considered as components of the general information exchange between a person and the environment. In the conditions of an increase in the speed of information growth, it is necessary to create new cognitive learning technologies ways, techniques and methods that will allow education seekers to ensure an effective understanding of the real world, intellectual development and successful adaptation to life in an information-saturated environment.
 The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristic features of cognitive teaching methods and determine their role in the perception and assimilation of educational material by students of higher medical education. Methods used include analysis, synthesis and systematisation of scientific and methodological work. Students must adequately perceive information presented in written or oral form.
 The cognitive aspect of learning involves the development of cognitive activity through the ability to identify keywords, draw logical conclusions, write notes and abstracts, comment on speeches, ask clarifying questions, participate in discussions, etc. Search skills play an important role in the selection of information in terminological dictionaries, atlases, educational and scientific literature, mass media and social networks. To develop practical skills in higher medical institutions of education, virtual stimulators, models, simulators, dummies and other technical teaching aids are used, which allow to simulate clinical situations, processes and various aspects of the future professional activity of medical students. Cognitive approaches aimed at the formation of clinical thinking in students play an important role in resolving various situational tasks ("Step 1" and "Step 2"). Cognitive techniques in medical education create conditions for students to perceive and assimilate incoming information, stimulate the ability to distinguish specific interdisciplinary connections and develop clinical thinking.
 Cognitive techniques in medical education are critical in creating optimal conditions for students to perceive and assimilate educational material, and in stimulating their ability to identify and establish interdisciplinary connections. By developing the cognitive abilities of students, higher medical education institutions can equip future healthcare professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the demands of an ever-evolving medical landscape.

Robot simulators and the virtual patient “BodyInteract” as a key training element of practical classes for the subjects “Emergency medical care”, “Resuscitation and intensive care”

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of modern simulation technologies in teaching of the subjects “Emergency Medical Care” and “Resuscitation and Intensive Care”, where the robot “Apollo” and the interactive program “BodyInteract” were used, with the help of which it was possible to recreate a complete clinical picture of the thematic material being passed, with the subsequent formation of clinical thinking and experience among students, after the possibility of unlimited repetitions of clinical situations without harming the health of patients and controlling the mental barrier in the oncoming professional activities of future doctors.

Organization of training of specialists in the workplace in the format of hybrid learning

The article presents the results of the study, which indicate the real possibility of training specialists on the job. The introduction of a system of continuous professional development in the format of hybrid training creates conditions for consolidating and improving the professional knowledge of nursing staff, which in the future will significantly influence the quality of medical care for the children's population of the region. The developed model of training nurses in a medical organization using a structured program and hybrid training can be used as a tool to consolidate professional knowledge and skills, as well as to form new competencies. Purpose of the study. To increase the professional competence of nursing professionals in caring for children with epilepsy in specialized neurological departments on the basis of organizational modeling of part-time nursing staff training courses conducted in a medical organization. Results. After training during reflection, the nurses expressed the following opinions: «There was a desire to engage in repeated training cycles»; «The attitude to the performance of professional duties has changed»; «Responsibility for the result of care has increased»; «Working with cases contributed to the formation of clinical thinking and stimulated the search for additional information to improve one’s competence», 54.3 ± 4.9; 96.7 ± 1.84; 53.2 ± 6.2; 67.4 ± 4.2 per 100 respondents, respectively. All nurses (100 %) noted that the new form of final certification not only interested them, but also prompted a desire to take part in the WORLDskills. championship. сonclusion. The study is of practical importance for specialists in medical and educational organizations for organizing a hybrid form of education.

Problem-based distance learning as a method of forming Clinical Thinking of Medical university Residency students

Introduction. The paper examines the problem of the formation of clinical thinking of a medical specialist in a remote format, identifies ways and means of its solution.Purpose setting. It is important to reveal a contradiction between the development of professional medical skills in practice and the lack of direct contact with the patient in remote interaction, where students of medical universities face the problem of the impossibility of contact with the patient, which, in turn, complicates the formation of their clinical thinking and, in the future, negatively affects the work of the doctor.Methodology and methods of the study. Experimental work is being carried out to study the practical application of problem-based learning techniques in the distance format of residency students in the formation of their clinical thinking. The pedagogical conditions associated with the use of problem-based learning methods in the formation of clinical thinking of students in residency are substantiated and proposed. 54 first-year resident doctors in various clinical specialties participated in the study as respondents. The study was conducted in November 2021 during the period of study in the discipline «Pedagogy».Results. As a result of the work carried out, conclusions are drawn that the practical application of problem-based learning techniques, as a method of forming clinical thinking in distance learning, has a certain educational effect. In a remote format, this technique transfers students in residency from listeners of subject material to active participants in educational work, allowing them to form clinical thinking in conditions of limited communication with patients.Conclusion. In the course of experimental work, it was found out that the distance learning format during the pandemic gave many resident doctors the opportunity to become part of the practical level of healthcare, having the possibility to combine study and work.

Historical and medical aspects of the formation and development of pathological anatomy

In January (19) and March (22) 2023, Pathologist's Day is celebrated in Russia. It is pathological anatomy that is an actual segment in the formation of clinical thinking and the definition of pathogenesis, undoubtedly being a cognitive, organizing and educational link in the training of a doctor. Despite the active introduction of modern new diagnostic methods, the use of pathologic-anatomical research remains of high importance. The use of new methods of lifetime diagnosis of certain diseases, such as acute forms of coronary heart disease, did not significantly reduce the number of diagnostic medical errors. The strengthening of pathologic-anatomical functioning in the diagnosis of in vivo is stated. The pathology and anatomical service has not only a practical, but also a legally reasoned at titude to medical care and its quality. The pathology and anatomical service provides both diagnostics and, in many ways, prevention of diseases and is represented by a service that determines the content of medical care. The historical and medical analysis of the formation of pathological anatomy has shown the peculiarities of the formation as a clinical discipline of a multidisciplinary format. Its historical applied significance has been established.

Features of clinical reasoning in physical rehabilitation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the clinical reasoning of specialists in the field of physical rehabilitation, in particular, specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy. Despite numerous studies, the topic of "formation of clinical thinking" remains insufficiently studied and has its own peculiarities in the field of physical therapy.
 The key features influencing clinical reasoning in physical rehabilitation are revealed. They include the use of movement as one of the main means of diagnosis, rehabilitation, evaluation of effectiveness, as well as the goals of rehabilitation interventions; focus on patient activity and participation (according to the International Classification of Functioning, ICF); patient mobility; interactivity and multidisciplinarity. The autonomy extend in professional activity has a significant impact on the formation of clinical reasoning of specialists.
 Conceptually, clinical reasoning in physical rehabilitation may be defined as the combination and interaction of cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills. At the same time, effective clinical reasoning is narrative, adaptive and collaborative, contextual and it utilizes a biopsychosocial approach to the patient.

The Role of Virtual Technologies in the Practical Training of Senior Students of the Faculty of Pediatrics

The use of the Body Interact simulator increases the motivation of students, the efficiency of obtaining theoretical knowledge and practical skills and abilities; contributes to the development of a clear algorithm of actions in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, reducing the risk for real patients; contributes to the formation of clinical thinking, allows you to overcome uncertainty. Thus, increasing the practical preparedness of pediatric graduates in general.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CLUB "PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY" IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING A MODERN DOCTOR

The article represents the main aspects of the student research club at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.
 In today's world, the institution of higher education aims not only to impart professional skills, but also to develop the creative potential of the students. This is achieved by actively involving students in the research activities. Research work of the students outside the academic syllabus is one of the most important tools to become a highly qualified specialist, which is performed in scientific societies and student research club at the department. An important factor that contributes to the professional training of future professionals is the possibility of close cooperation of the student with the scientific and pedagogical staff of the department. It is the teacher who has an immense responsibility not only to impart the student knowledge, but also for the ability to operate, analyze and apply it in various complex situations, which plays a major role in the formation of clinical thinking. In turn, the teacher must meet certain criteria: to show a deep interest in the learning process, discuss errors and solutions, have relevant and up-to-date knowledge and an individual approach to each student.
 The purpose of the student research club at the Department of Pathological Anatomy is to identify the most capable and talented students who are inclined to research work, to acquire scientific skills and involve them in research activities. The main tasks of the student scientific club "Pathological Anatomy" are as follows: assistance in improving the level of scientific training of students; strengthen research on the issues of scientific activity of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with the participation of students; in-depth study of the chosen discipline by students; development of scientific thinking and analytical skills, acquisition of research skills and broadening horizons and erudition; preparation of reports and speeches of members of the club with the results of their own research in scientific and practical conferences, seminars, round tables and competitions. The activities of the scientific club "Pathological Anatomy" are aimed at developing the creative abilities of students in order for them to acquire professional, personal, cognitive competencies, as well as experience in acquiring knowledge and skills through research.
 Thus the student scientific club "Pathological Anatomy" creates conditions for self-realization of students in research work and support for gifted students. The development of their intellectual potential makes it possible to significantly intensify and improve the curriculum of medical students, to make it diverse and interesting. The student's research work helps to ensure that each student has the opportunity to exercise their right to creative development of the individual in accordance with their abilities and needs. The club is such a "tool" that allows to actively develop both future doctors for practical medicine and future researcher and teaching staff for the university. Many years of experience of the Department of Pathological Anatomy shows that students tend to master the theoretical knowledge, practical and professional skills if they are involved in such scientific club.

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ КАК ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ У СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ВУЗА

The main task of higher medical education is the development of cognitive abilities, thinking and intelligence in students of the Medical University, which determine the formation of the clinical thinking of the future doctor. The foundations for the formation and development of clinical thinking are laid from the first courses of students in the framework of fundamental disciplines. The abstracts present the results of a study of the level of cognitive abilities of 1st and 2nd year students of the Medical Institute of BU VO KHMAO-Yugra "Surgut State University"

180 years of serving The Homeland (for the anniversary of the department and сlinic of faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov)

This study presents the main historical aspects of the formation and subsequent development of the department and clinic of the faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov, which is one of the leading surgical institutions in Russia. The main achievements of the multifaceted activities of the department and clinical teams over a 180-year period of fruitful work are analyzed. The paper also highlighted the role of N.I. Pirogov as a brilliant surgeon and the first head of the department in the formation of the basic principles of the development of surgery as a clinical and scientific discipline, which formed the basis for the subsequent work of the department team. The implementation of his innovative idea at that time of combining the department and clinic made it possible to implement the concept of surgery at the patients bedside; as a result, its theoretical and practical foundations were harmoniously combined in the educational process. This contributed to the formation of clinical thinking and significantly increased the level of professional training of doctors. Students of N.I. Pirogov have rich scientific, clinical, and pedagogical potential, which was accompanied by loyalty to traditions. Professor S.P. Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of the scientific department school. For more than 30 years of his brilliant leadership, the department has become a real cradle of several scientific and practical areas, including urology, oncology, transfusiology, neurosurgery, hepatobiliary, and endocrine surgery. Compliance with the continuity between subsequent generations of surgeons, together with the talent and outstanding abilities of the department heads, such as V.N. Shamov, V.M. Sitenko, and N.A. Maistrenko, made it possible not only to implement the ideas of N.I. Pirogov but also to create a unique scientific school, whose representatives have made a great contribution to the development of several surgical disciplines.

Current Aspects of Professional Training of Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care Specialists in Residency Programs

The aim is to study the current aspects of resident training in anesthesiology and intensive care. The article focuses on the theoretical training of residents, the importance of a thorough knowledge of pathophysiology, and the formation of clinical thinking. Opportunities for the use of innovative educational computer technologies in residency training are shown. A consistent interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction makes it possible to improve the outcomes of residency training by achieving the main goal of developing a physician who has acquired universal, general and specific professional competences and is capable of providing high-quality medical care.

OPTIMIZATION OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE “MEDICAL PRACTICE IN FAMILY MEDICINE” AT THE FIFTH COURSE OF MEDICAL FACULTY OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

This article shows details of educational program for 5-year students education in discipline “Medical practice in family medicine”. There are results for realisation of the competence-based approach in medical education with introduction of educational interactive technologies, new forms and methods of educational process. Described a role of Ivano-Frankivsk national medical university teaching-practical centre “Medicine” in improving teaching quality according to standards of Higher Education, regulation on the organization of the teaching and learning process, which promote qualitative mastery of knowledge to provide medical care.
 In this article is shown, that the main question by realisation of modern education tendentious is qualitative training of healthcare professionals. Successful using of optimal model of combination by traditional and innovative educational methods is directed to professional skills assimilation by students, formation of clinical thinking and development of future doctors’ personality.This combination promotes the use of knowledge in medical practice, teaches the students to take new information adequately. The main factors influence on students’ interest are teacher’s effective work and skilful using of teaching technologies. Modern educational technologies give new opportunities, interest in studying, discipline. The main conception of practical classes is cooperation between the head of practice and students. Extra individual lessons can promote this.
 5- year students study the discipline “Medical practice in family medicine” during the whole academic year, to get knowledge and skills in Department of General Medicine №2 and Nursing, Department of Surgery №2 and cardiac surgery, Department of Pediatry and Department of Midwifery and Gynaecology.
 Mixed teaching model according to EURACT recommendations gives the best results. It provides a combination of individual work of future doctors with using electronic sources, media services and traditional work in auditoriums with interactive methods of teamwork.
 The use of active teaching methods should be not a practical addition to theoretical questions, but other way round, starting point to help teachers and students during the studying – these are common actions to deal successful those or others questions. Specifics of medical speciality has influence on choice of different studying technologies in medical education where both theoretical and practical components are clearly noticeable. Among the most common objection to expediency using of different technologies in education one thesis need to be highlighted: it only can be defined by patient whether doctor has necessary knowledge, practice and skills. Nowadays teaching is based on creating “virtual patient”. Instead there are active technologies and teaching methods which allow us to teach specialists effectively. Practical skills improving takes place at clinical departments and teaching-practical centres.
 Nowadays distance education helps students to develop such traits as independence, adaptability and responsibility, develops self-educational skills. All of these qualities are highly valued.
 Consequently new discipline “Medical practice in family medicine” helps students to master and consolidate practical skills, make own decisions in diagnostics and treatment of patients, considering medical ethics rules.

Медицина неотложных состояний: формирование клинического мышления на базе OSCE

Объективный структурированный клинический экзамен стал вызовом для современного медицинского образования, но и создал новые возможности для развития преподавательского состава кафедры, мотивации врачей-интернов, успешно занял достойное место в системе оценки знаний и умений. Для успешной реализации этого длительного проекта изменений следует обязательно обмениваться опытом с другими кафедрами, специалистами, менеджерами здравоохранения. Поддерживать обратную связь со студентами, врачами-интернами и выпускниками, которые эффективно и глубоко оценивают результаты такой аттестации. Привлекать к работе во время экзамена врачей, вышедших на пенсию, военных с реальным опытом боевых действий, волонтеров, других студентов, которые обучаются в академии и проявляют желание участвовать в подобных мероприятиях. Объективный структурированный экзамен предоставляет возможность объединить наши усилия для реформирования клинического мышления будущих врачей-специалистов, что необходимо для их ответственной и очень тяжелой работы в реальных условиях.

The Use of a Virtual Simulator for Practicing the Skills of Auscultation of Sounds of the Lungs of Children in the Formation of Clinical Thinking

Auscultation skills are some of the most important basic methods of patient examination. The educational process of teaching auscultation is complex in itself, and in the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection and the widespread epidemiological limitations, the complexity of learning is multiplied, which requires alternative teaching methods. The Virtual Lung Sound Auscultation Simulator creates a learning platform for auscultation by delivering real pre-recorded cardiopulmonary sounds on the virtual chest of a child.

Using Case Study Method for Forming Clinical Thinking Ability in Nursing and Midwifery Education

This paper aims to examine the formation of clinical thinking within the case study method in teaching midwifery and nursing students. Statistical methods include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Mann-Whitney U test. After the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the use of the method develops the necessary medical competence for quality realization in the chosen profession.