Border Formation Research Articles

Eph Receptors in Cancer

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases play critical functions during development, in the formation of tissue and organ borders, and the vascular and neural systems. Uniquely among tyrosine kinases, their activities are controlled by binding to membrane-bound ligands, called ephrins. Ephs and ephrins generally have a low expression in adults, functioning mainly in tissue homeostasis and plasticity, but are often overexpressed in cancers, where they are especially associated with undifferentiated or progenitor cells, and with tumour development, vasculature, and invasion. Mutations in Eph receptors also occur in various tumour types and are suspected to promote tumourigenesis. Ephs and ephrins have the capacity to operate as both tumour promoters and tumour suppressors, depending on the circumstances. They have been demonstrated to impact tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumour development, angiogenesis, and metastases in vivo, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, successful development of therapies will require detailed understanding of the opposing roles of Ephs in various cancers. In this review, we discuss the variations in Eph expression and functions in a variety of malignancies. We also describe the multiple strategies that are currently available to target them in tumours, including preclinical and clinical development.

Formation of the borders of Kazakhstan: discussions and solutions in the first twenty years of soviet power

The issues of the formation of the administrative borders of Kazakhstan with the republics of Central Asia and the RSFSR are considered within the frame of rapidly changing military and socio-political situation. Priorities in the delimitation, taking into account the size of territories, population and education status, are identified. Attention is drawn to the relationship of the national republics with the union bodies, neighboring autonomies, other territories and regions of Russia. The evolution of the delimitation process, the transformation of the boundaries and the basic criteria used in this process, the forms of demarcation and approaches to their implementation are shown. The main and additional criteria of delimitation of the borders of the subjects of the RSFSR and the USSR were determined. The continuity of the principles of administrative division in the pre-war period with the modern principles of interstate delimitation and the influence of the processes of delimitation on the evolution of international law are shown. A certain interconnection between the dynamics of administrative-territorial division, including the formation of autonomies on a national basis, which took place after the February and October revolutions, was traced, but qualitative differences between pre- and early Soviet approaches were also recorded. It is concluded that it was in the pre-war period that the main contours of the current borders of the Central Asian states were established, and the demarcation process itself played a great role in stabilizing the situation in the region.

Formation of borders in Central-Eastern Europe by consequences World War II (on the example of Hungary)

The resolution of territorial problems, the definition of borders between the countries of Central-Eastern Europe following the consequences of the Second World War is highlighted. It is proven that the territorial issue was and remains the fateful, most painful and difficult in the history of all nations. Each time this issue was decided by the winners of both world wars without participation peoples who were directly affected by it. When drawing borders, the historical-ethnic rather than the ethnic-historical principle was applied to a greater extent. All this is fully confirmed by the example of solving this issue in relation to Hungary.

Border Formation

This doctoral thesis examines the militarisation of the Southern border of Hungary as a process of spatial formation, expanding the debate on borders from the political to the architectural arena. Combining spatial theory with empirical research on the case study, the thesis rethinks the border as a complex spatial system, with an agency of its own. From this perspective, it contests the enforcement of spatial boundaries from the above and related ideas of fixity. It brings attention to the agency of space in the advancement of a material becoming; the role of migration in the radical redefinition of meanings and functions of space; and the action of technologies in the strategic manipulation of measures and scales. While conceptualising the border as a space in formation, this thesis builds a diagrammatic method of study and moves the research in an ontoepistemological direction. With the aim of fostering a change in those structures that control the partition and governance of space, this doctoral study calls the discipline of architecture to review its questions, methods, and practices. It invites to use architectural knowledge to engage with borders’ complexity and challenge their established meanings and makings.

Napoleon Bonaparte, General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and the Problem of Banditry in Piedmont, 1800–1802

The Consulship of Napoleon Bonaparte is often presented as a time of his political triumph as both politician and legislator. However, this very stereotypical assessment requires further clarifications. As the latest research suggests, the whole period between the Brumaire and the proclamation of the Empire was a period of difficult search for new methods of governance under very difficult circumstances. One of the serious problems in the formation of the new borders of Napoleonic France in the early years of the nineteenth century continued to be banditry (brigandage). In a number of regions, this phenomenon had a distinct political colouring. In the French political lexicon of the era, it referred to collective violence of any kind, anti-state actions, as well as various forms of criminal robbery. The situation was most acute in the peripheral regions, particularly in Piedmont. Although the flames of the acute civil conflict of 1799 had subsided here, yet the causes of this mass phenomenon were extremely deep. The author aims to analyse the ways of solving the problem of banditry in the context of the overall Napoleonic policy, to show the role of the French administration and, in particular, of General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan in this process during the formation of new institutions of power in the Consulate period. Drawing on the archival collections of the French Ministries of General Police and Justice, the Piedmont General Administration from the French National Archives, as well as some materials from the archival collections of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he attempts to reconstruct a set of measures to eradicate banditry. The new authorities, and above all the chief administrator of Piedmont, General Jourdan, as well as the prefects and mayors, had to resort both to the tactics of “mobile columns” and extraordinary justice, but also to seek compromise with the rural oligarchy, the parish clergy and the peasant masses in order to maintain the fragile social order. What is also significant is that the experience gained by the French in the fight against banditry in Piedmont was later successfully disseminated to other regions of Italy, and that it was this experience that largely served as the basis for the formation of Napoleon's policy of “cultural imperialism”.

Конституционный аспект эволюции пограничных войск в 1945–1965 гг.

Before I proceed to further detailed and developed arguments, I would like to present the main research problem involving the following question: how did the Border Protection Forces evolve in the years 1945–1965 from the perspective of the legal system and the constitutional law in particular. The constitution referred to above is not the basic law “as such”, in common parlance, but it is the constitution present in the course of the evolution of the legal status of the Frontier Protection Forces. This article is mainly focused on this constitution, although, apart from that, it contains the spectrum of legal and constitutional schemes adopted in different periods of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces in their constitutions. It is therefore immanent to present the process of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces – the origin and evolution of legal norms in the light of the constitution and the whole system of law, as well as the changes taking place in the system of law in the time-space between 1945 and 1965. Taking into account the defined objectives, it turned out to be necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of facts is important for the discussed subject matter, as it helps to systematize the deliberations. The structure of the work has been adapted to the above principles of this publication. It begins with a legal-historical part introducing the subject of the tradition of constitutionalism in Poland. It presents the reasons for the creation and the process of subordination of border formations to various institutional solutions, and systematizes the legal and organizational transformation of the Border Protection Forces created in 1945 as a separate type of troops by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Internal Affairs as part of the People's Army of Poland. The Border Protection Forces repeatedly revised its structural-bureaucratic subordination from the Ministry of National Defence through the Ministry of Public Security to the Ministry of the Interior and vice versa. The general research method became a legal-historical method to reconstruct the past state of affairs, the evolution of the legal status of the Border Protection Forces.

From medieval march to military frontier: English border formation in south Dublin, 1460–1534

Abstract: The south Dublin frontier between English settlers and native Irish established after the twelfth-century conquest was the most prominent and longest lasting of medieval Ireland's many marches. The frontier later underwent ongoing English contraction, but two separate late fifteenth-century developments sought to reverse this. The south Dublin marches were built up into an impressive military frontier, with a formidable belt of defences around its dikes and ditches. The frontier was also incorporated into the English Pale, a wider system of defences thrown up around the Dublin region, although elsewhere the defences of 'the four obedient shires' were less developed. The military frontier's effectiveness in curtailing Irish raids remains unappreciated, however. Successive studies of the south Dublin frontier have argued instead for a truncated English Pale ending with the dikes and ditches of the statutory, march-maghery boundary as Irish raiding continued unabated. In practice, the military frontier extended English rule well into the Pale marches beyond, recovering erstwhile English ground lost during the marches' earlier contraction.

Frontier communities of Southern Ukraine in the 18th – early 19th century: a response to empires

The article proposes the analysis of new practices of the frontier population of the Southern Ukrainian region during the formation of the linear border and the attempts of the Russian and Ottoman Empires to control frontier communities and territories. It is shown that the boundary line did not actually divide, but rather united frontier corporations in developing a joint response to attempts at intervention by government institutions. From the beginning of the 18 century. The Zaporozhіan Sich and the Crimean Khanate united and worked out similar solutions to solve the problem of active military presence and interference in their own internal affairs by imperial structures. Joint resistance to the intentions of Russian and Ottoman officials from the Crimean Khan and the Kosh otaman of Zaporozhian Sich due to the establishment of delimitation signs in 1705 began a new tradition. Imperial governments had not only to reckon with the wishes of frontier communities, but also to depend on them. Diplomatic accords and international agreements were only formal, the realities of border life did not depend on them. Efforts of diplomats to establish a border line during the first half of the 18th century had no practical success. International treaties (Istanbul, Belgrade, Kyuchuk-Kainardzhii, etc.) testify to the existence of practices of changing religious affiliation from Orthodox to Muslim and vice versa. The relevant articles of the treaties emphasized the change of religion as the only condition for the possibility to stay in the respective country. However, it is unlikely that such practices were numerous. Over time, they were no longer under attention. The appearance of a more or less clearly defined border with the corresponding border institutions was traced only after the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The everyday practices of the frontier people did not change. The borders were rather imagined. Migrant border communities, as well as individual settlers, used border institutions only at their own will and to acquire official status. From the beginning of the 19 century a religious affiliation is no longer a criterion to pay attention to during the crossing of the border and permanent residence. Christian communities (Zaporozhian Cossacks, Nekrasivites) chose as a place of permanent residence the lands under the Muslim ruler. Religious rhetoric was used only by the military and civil leaders of the region, officials to increase influence on making a specific decision. At the beginning of the 19 century the state border and its institutions became denser, but still permeable. The border areas remained free for migratory flows. The strength of the region and its people became especially noticeable in the 19th century when the Russian Empire tried to unify the lands under its control. However, exactly here, in the South of Ukraine, that the empires had to adapt to the traditions of the free region and adjust their policies in accordance with the wishes of the frontier communities. During the 19 century the frontier specificity of the region remained decisive for the historical development of the region.

Development Trends of Intercultural Communication in Social Networks

The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities and trends of the development of intercultural communications in the context of the specifics of the space of social networks at the current stage. Research methodology. The method of comparative analysis is applied (to consider the interaction of cultures in the traditional space and the space of social networks); analysis of open sources of information, which are information resources on the Internet (to identify the mechanisms of formation of cultural borders, as well as their overcoming). Scientific novelty. The specifics, forms, and functions of intercultural interaction in social networks have been studied; the nature and trends of the development of intercultural communications in social networks at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century have been revealed. Conclusions. Modern network communications (especially social networks) are a universal socio-cultural mechanism that arose as a result of the genesis and functioning of culture in interaction with social parameters, in which the use of information and communication technologies creates conditions for easy overcoming of cultural boundaries. Social networks, which are represented by web applications that allow people to interact with each other, provide an environment for sharing all types of content created by other media tools. They are an effective tool for the development of intercultural communication, as they provide a person with the opportunity not only to communicate freely, but also to discover intercultural values for yourself and easily adapt to them. Social media tools that cultivate cross-cultural communication are expanding and diversifying every day. In addition to the usual use of Facebook and other similar popular applications, many users communicate through microblogs and new applications. Because of the organic development of social networks, the concept of sustainable intercultural dialogue was formed: users get the opportunity to solve their own problems within the boundaries of another culture quite effectively, make friends faster, follow various events in a certain socio-cultural space, to be a part of cultural values, and to adapt.
 Key words: intercultural communication, social networks, applications, communication, intercultural dialogue, intercultural adaptation.

Russian-Kazakhstan Borderland: from Administrative Borders of Kazakhstan in RSFSR to Modern State Borders

The problems of the formation of the Russian-Kazakh border line are considered. An analysis of the current territorial claims and risks from neighboring states to the Russian Federation, as well as the current state of affairs in society, science and politics in relation to the Russian-Kazakh border is made. Information, confirmed by archival materials, is analyzed on the demarcation processes carried out in the Soviet period along the entire line of contact between the two states. The main factors that influenced the formation of borders are studied, as well as the complexity of the controversial issues and the existing ways to solve them are shown. It is concluded that the current state border between Russia and Kazakhstan was formed in the 1920s—1930s by leveling the vast majority of controversial issues, on the basis of their comprehensive consideration of various authorities. At the same time, the historically substantiated data presented in the article show the inconsistency of the current claims of the national elites of the Kazakh side, proving the historical legitimacy of the existing Russian-Kazakh border line. It is concluded that the state authorities of Russia and Kazakhstan do not raise the issue of borders, which contributes to maintaining stability in relations between the two states.

Kiselevsky Coal Mine in Kuzbass in Mid-1930s: Local Periodicals

The problems of the formation of the Russian-Kazakh border line are considered. An analysis of the current territorial claims and risks from neighboring states to the Russian Federation, as well as the current state of affairs in society, science and politics in relation to the Russian-Kazakh border is made. Information, confirmed by archival materials, is analyzed on the demarcation processes carried out in the Soviet period along the entire line of contact between the two states. The main factors that influenced the formation of borders are studied, as well as the complexity of the controversial issues and the existing ways to solve them are shown. It is concluded that the current state border between Russia and Kazakhstan was formed in the 1920s—1930s by leveling the vast majority of controversial issues, on the basis of their comprehensive consideration of various authorities. At the same time, the historically substantiated data presented in the article show the inconsistency of the current claims of the national elites of the Kazakh side, proving the historical legitimacy of the existing Russian-Kazakh border line. It is concluded that the state authorities of Russia and Kazakhstan do not raise the issue of borders, which contributes to maintaining stability in relations between the two states.

Specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes reduces reactive astrocyte formation and promotes recovery after early postnatal traumatic brain injury in mouse cortex.

In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, ranging from changes in gene expression and cell hypertrophy to permanent astrocyte borders around stromal cell scars in CNS lesions. The mechanisms underlying injury-induced reactive astrocytes in the adult CNS have been extensively studied. However, little is known about injury-induced reactive astrocytes during early postnatal development. Astrocytes in the mouse cortex are mainly produced through local proliferation during the first 2 weeks after birth. Here we show that Sox2, a transcription factor critical for stem cells and brain development, is expressed in the early postnatal astrocytes and its expression level was increased in reactive astrocytes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) at postnatal day (P) 7 in the cortex. Using a tamoxifen-induced hGFAP-CreERT2; Sox2flox/flox ; Rosa-tdT mouse model, we found that specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes greatly inhibited the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, the formation of glia limitans borders and subsequently promoted the tissue recovery after postnatal TBI at P7 in the cortex. In addition, we found that injury-induced glia limitans borders were still formed at P2 in the wild-type mouse cortex, and knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes inhibited the reactivity of both astrocytes and microglia. Together, these findings provide evidence that Sox2 is essential for the reactivity of astrocytes in response to the cortical TBI during the early postnatal period and suggest that Sox2-dependent astrocyte reactivity is a potential target for therapeutic treatment after TBI.

Волинське містечко Горохів у XV - першій половині XVII ст. (штрихи до історії)

The article traces the origins of Horokhiv’s urban status and the way of its getting to the estates of the princely family of Sanguszko, and later to Kilian Wilhorsky. The mechanism of the populating and its border formation is shown. The small population of Horokhiv allows to classify it as a small town. The Horokhiv had a castle, and its urban fortification was wooden and earthwork. The town had two gates and the most of the buildings were wooden. Better houses were located on the market place near the town hall. Among the religious buildings of Horokhiv are mentioned: Orthodox and Catholic churches and also synagogue. There was a Jesuit college in the city. Urban self-government was granted with the privilege of the Magdeburg Law (1600). The number of town councilors and lay judges (ławnicy) was normal for the Volyn cities. The importance of trades and fairs in Horokhiv’s economic life is revealed. The town has been repeatedly leased and mortgaged. The difficult relations of the burghers with the nobility are analyzed. The socio-economic level of Horokhiv’s development, combined with the educational and religious buildings in the city, turned it to a center for its surrounding region.

TERRITORIAL ISSUES IN RELATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE STATES OF THE BALTIC REGION AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The issues of territorial disputes between the Russian Federation (RF) and the states of the Baltic region (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland) that preceded the signing of interstate treaties on borders after the collapse of the USSR are reviewed. The historical, political, ethnic and economic factors of solving these issues and the formation of borders between the Russian Federation and the states of the Baltic region, starting from 1920, during the Second World War, in the first postwar years and until now, are analyzed. Special focus is made on the status of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation (former East Prussia) in the context of the national interest of Poland and Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). It is claimed that there are currently no territorial problems in the relations of the Baltic states with the Russian Federation in the political and legal sense. However, the very aggressive policy of the Kremlin, especially as a result of the armed intervention against Ukraine, is able to activate them and cause a revision of the borders in the event of a possible expansion of the conflict into this region and the participation of NATO in it.

Medieval Christian funeral sites on the territory of Halych-Volynian lands: archaeological research after 1939

Propose continuation of the article published in the previous issue, devoted to archaeological studies of medieval Christian burial sites on the territory of the Halych-Volynian lands, conducted before 1939. Due to the fact that the indicated areas were at different times under the authority of different states, where archaeological studies of burial sites took place, accumulation of materials and their publication, etc. were conducted, several periods of research were distinguished. It is noted that changes on the political map of the world took place once again with the beginning of the Second World War and were associated with the formation of a new Polish-Soviet border in 1939, and later in 1945, as a result of which the former Halych-Volynian lands became part of Poland and the Ukrainian SSR. The last exchange of territories was observed in 1951. It was these boundaries of the Polish-Ukrainian border that were approved with the declaration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991, and they remain unchanged to present. In this regard, the studies conducted in Ukraine and Poland are separately characterized. At the same time, two periods are distinguished within the first period: 1939–1991 (Soviet) and 1991–present (Ukrainian). Research on the territory of Poland is outlined in the period from 1939 to the present. It was established that the researches that took place as part of the Ukrainian SSR (third period) continued the tradition of studying medieval temple architecture, as well as the burials located in the complex, however, a significant number of necropolises were discovered accidentally. It was observed that the information about them is quite generalized, and this is connected both with the tasks that scientists set before themselves, and with the state of the research methodology at that time. Significant progress in the development of the latter has been observed only since the 1970s, however, despite the individual cases of involving anthropologists in the process of studying burial monuments, this practice was more the exception than the rule. However, during this time, a significant source base was accumulated, which, in combination with the materials of previous studies, made it possible to carry out the first general studies devoted to the burials of the IX–XIII centuries. It was established that some of the materials were exported from Ukraine. It is noted that with the declaration of Ukraine’s independence, a new period (fourth) began in the study of the researched issues, in the end, as well as the scientific tradition in general. Only Ukrainian scientists obtained the right to conduct archaeological research, and excavation materials stopped being exported to the Union republics. During this period, a further progression of excavation techniques and fixation of the discovered sites was noted. It has been observed that anthropologists are increasingly involved in research; there is a rethinking of approaches to the study of burials in general; more and more general works devoted to this issue appear, and the sights themselves are increasingly becoming the object of research. It has been established that excavations carried out on the territory of Poland, which in the post-war period was included in the list of countries of the social camp and remained a satellite of the USSR until 1989, are marked by an in-depth study of the ethnogenesis of the Slavs and monuments of the princely era on the Polish-Rus border. This caused concern among Polish scientists about a possible border change in favour of the USSR in the future. Then and in the following decades, a number of burial sites were opened. The qualitative methodical level and the selection of anthropological material for analysis since at least the 50s of the 20th century have been identified as a feature of the conducted research. It is emphasized that during the last decade, professional analysis of the previously accumulated material, its verification, generalization and publication has been carried out, and in addition, a number of new monuments have been opened. It is noted that in conditions of sufficient funding, the study of burial monuments takes place on the basis of interdisciplinarity. Key words: history of research, archaeology, burials, Christianity, the Middle Ages, Rus’

Effects of biological sex mismatch on neural progenitor cell transplantation for spinal cord injury in mice

Despite advancement of neural progenitor cell transplantation to spinal cord injury clinical trials, there remains a lack of understanding of how biological sex of transplanted cells influences outcomes after transplantation. To address this, we transplanted GFP-expressing sex-matched, sex-mismatched, or mixed donor cells into sites of spinal cord injury in adult male and female mice. Biological sex of the donor cells does not influence graft neuron density, glial differentiation, formation of the reactive glial cell border, or graft axon outgrowth. However, male grafts in female hosts feature extensive hypervascularization accompanied by increased vascular diameter and perivascular cell density. We show greater T-cell infiltration within male-to-female grafts than other graft types. Together, these findings indicate a biological sex-specific immune response of female mice to male donor cells. Our work suggests that biological sex should be considered in the design of future clinical trials for cell transplantation in human injury.

Intestinal brush border formation requires a TMIGD1-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex.

Intestinal epithelial cells absorb nutrients through the brush border, composed of dense arrays of highly ordered microvilli at their apical membranes. A protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex localized at microvilli tips mediates microvilli packing and organization. Here, we identified a second adhesion complex localized at the proximal base region of microvilli. This complex contained the immunoglobulin superfamily member TMIGD1, which directly interacted with the microvillar scaffolding proteins EBP50 and E3KARP. Complex formation with EBP50 required the activation of EBP50 by the actin-binding protein ezrin and was enhanced by the dephosphorylation of Ser162 in the PDZ2 domain of EBP50 by the phosphatase PP1α. Binding of the EBP50-ezrin complex to TMIGD1 enhanced the dynamic turnover of EBP50 at microvilli. Enterocyte-specific inactivation of Tmigd1 in mice resulted in microvillar blebbing, loss of intermicrovillar adhesion, and perturbed brush border formation. Thus, we identified a second adhesion complex in microvilli and propose a mechanism that promotes microvillar formation and dynamics.

The structural, optical properties, surface and electrical properties of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) films produced at different substrate temperatures

Vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5) coatings generated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis on glass substrates at various temperatures have been investigated. The XRD analysis revealed polycrystalline V2O5 films with an orthorhombic structure. The optimal orientation of V2O5 films is the peak direction (101) for substrate temperatures 300 °C, 350 °C, 450 °C, and (110) for substrate temperatures 400 °C, according to structural analyses. The optical characteristics were investigated using a UV–VIS spectrofotometer. As the temperature of the substrate increased, the transmittance of the films increased by up to 42 %. Using the optical absorption method, the optical band gaps of the films were estimated. It can be shown that when the substrate temperature rises, the optical band gap values decrease. The increase in substrate temperature caused porous structures to emerge, as well as the formation of region borders, as shown in SEM pictures. The electrical properties of films were searched by four probe technique It was seen that the resistivity values of the V2O5 films produced by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method decreased as the substrate temperature increased, thus the conductivity values increased.

Interfacial charge transfer and Schottky barriers at c-Si/a-In heterojunctions

Metal-Semiconductor (M/S) heterojunctions, better known as Schottky junctions play a crucial role in modern electronics. At present, the mechanisms behind the M/S junctions are still a subject of discussion. In this work, we investigate the interfaces between semiconducting crystalline Si and amorphous metallic indium, Si{0 0 1}/a-In and Si{1 1 1}/a-In using both ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and a Schottky-Mott approach. The simulations reveal the formation of a distinct border between the Si substrates and amorphous In at the interfaces. The In atoms adjacent to the interfaces exhibit atomic ordering. Charge transfer occurs from In to Si, forming c-Si−q/a-In+q charge barriers at the interfaces. This indicates that a crystalline p-Si/a-In heterojunction will have rectifying properties, which agrees with an analysis using the Schottky-Mott model which predicts a Schottky barrier height of 1.3 eV for crystalline p-Si/a-In using the calculated work function for a-In (3.82 eV). We further discuss the interfacial charge transfer, related hole-depletion regions in Si adjacent to the interfaces and the Schottky-Mott approximations.

Border, Development and Dispossessed Agency

ABSTRACT Every collective social and political action undertaken by citizens and non-citizens within the border spaces is a border act that can be illustrated through ample instances. The border act demonstrates people's collective and cooperative consciousness to sustain, construct, recreate, negotiate and resist borders. The border studies have focussed on the sustenance of the edge through surveillance systems, construction, and reconstruction of borders through symbolic tropes and meaning attribution by different sets of actors experiencing them spatially and temporally. The passivity of agency remains the sub-text in border studies. Long neglected in the border studies literature, the essay examines a different set of agentic actors – the dispossessed people – produced by the development processes and projects undertaken by the public and private companies to uplift the impoverished, underdeveloped regions and persons that became part of the internal border formation. The article illustrates how the internally dispossessed agencies’ contestation of the dominant and hegemonic value of development through their struggle against development projects initiated by the formal state and non-state actors retains the potential to change institutionalised behaviors to reclaim their rights to livelihood.