The effect on the perception of the emotional prosody of a vocal signal of the acoustic parameters of the stimulus in children of various ages (7–10, 11–13, and 14–17 years) was studied. Considerable differences in recognition of positive and negative valences of the vocal signal against the background of noise and in its absence were demonstrated. The ontogenetic specific features of the dependence of recognition of the emotional valence on the acoustic parameters of a vocal signal were determined. The most important acoustic characters (the fundamental frequency F0 and the frequency of the first formant F1) that ensure the perception of the emotional prosody of a vocal signal against the background of noise at different age stages were found.