Formal Research Research Articles

Implementing EDI across a large formal research network: Contributing to equitable and sustainable water solutions for a changing climate

Increasingly, large transdisciplinary research networks focusing on pressing global problems are being encouraged through research investment strategies. One of the challenges is understanding how inequities in these networks shape scientific practice in environmental research. While granting agencies in Canada frequently require some equity metrics, these tend to focus on four specific equity-deserving groups. It is argued that this does not go far enough. Global Water Futures, a large cold region water research network, introduced an EDI strategy and implementation framework in 2021. The process began with a critical review of the literature, consultations within the network, and a desire to translate cutting-edge EDI knowledge and practices into a form that could be operationalized. Embedded in the approach is an intersectional lens that considers how power structures differentially impact people based on race, gender, 2SLGBTQIA+ identity, disability, and more. The implementation framework gives structure to EDI to further the program’s transdisciplinary research commitments and as a transformative set of actions to support new ways of working that challenge power dynamics in water research. Towards effective EDI, the strategy considers institutional relationships, research impact, and knowledge mobilization. Other natural resource sectors and environmental organizations working to integrate the UN Sustainable Development Goals laterally may be able to learn from this process to frame and implement EDI towards more inclusive water research. Given the climate emergency, working together towards sustainable and equitable solutions is critical, disrupting hegemonic research norms and engaging diverse voices and knowledge systems.

Co-production in public health research: The UK MAMAH Study involving underserved migrant mothers

Abstract Problem Research suggests some migrant women are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity in the perinatal period, however there is a gap in co-produced research to improve care. Description of the Problem The UK National Institute for Health and Care Research defines co-production as ‘an approach in which researchers, practitioners, and members of the public work together, sharing power and responsibility'. Here we summarise learning from the Migration and Maternal Health (MAMAH) Study which aims to co-produce solutions to improve maternity care for migrant women in the UK. Results We struggled to access comprehensive training on co-production, particularly in how to counter power dynamics and recruit a broad range of public participants. Early in the study we appointed a ‘Lead Patient Advisor’ (a migrant women with experience of pregnancy in the UK) who manages the relationship between the academics and the patient advisors. Additionally, we reimburse women's time, childcare, and travel. We have found that online meetings are preferable as women do not need to travel or arrange childcare. We meet our patient advisory panel four times per year. Some women have been directly involved in research such as systematic review screening and qualitative interviewing and have been given formal research training. Lessons Our initial research priorities didn't align with those of the women, and this has helped us to reshape our work. Women say that having a Lead Patient Advisor has made it easier to participate, particularly given some of the issues discussed are traumatic. To mitigate this, we have created additional support resources and offered formal debriefing. Using online interpreters has been challenging, and we have recently split into different language groups to maximise engagement. Overall, we have learned that taking a truly co-produced approach is expensive and time-consuming but has ensured our research prioritises the views of migrant women giving birth in the UK. Key messages • Co-production approaches are increasingly important to funders and represent a key opportunity for researchers to ensure their work has real-world impact. • There is an urgent need for improved training and resources to better equip public health researchers to take a co-production approach.

Using Driving-Cycle Data to Retrofit and Electrify Sub-Saharan Africa’s Existing Minibus Taxis for a Circular Economy

The nascent electrification of transport has heralded a new chapter in the driving force of mobility. Developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa already lag in this transformative transport transition. A potential transitional step towards full-scale electric mobility is the retrofitting of the existing fleet of internal combustion-based vehicles. This paper proposes a novel approach to the design of a retrofit electric drivetrain for an internal combustion engine vehicle. Specifically, a minibus taxi, which dominates the region’s informal paratransit industry, is electrified. This retrofit is the first formal research presented with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa and its unique challenges. A generic methodology is presented to systematically specify and select drivetrain components and assess the suitability and characteristics of those components. Unique about the presented methodology is the application of driving-cycle data of internal combustion engine vehicles, which provides quantitative insights into the performance and characteristics of the selected components for a retrofit. Finally, a real-world use case is presented to provide a tangible example and to validate the feasibility of the presented approach.

Patient-led innovation and global health justice: Open-source digital health technology for type 1 diabetes care.

Health innovation is mainly envisioned in direct connection to medical research institutions or pharmaceutical and technology companies. Yet, these types of innovation often do not meet the needs and expectations of individuals affected by health conditions. With the emergence of digital health technologies and social media, we can observe a shift, which involves people living with illness modifying and improving medical and health devices outside of the formal research and development sector, figuring both as users and innovators. This patient-led innovation has been celebrated in innovation studies and economics as a "bottom-up" type of innovation. In this article, we take a closer look at open-source patient-led innovation in the context of type 1 diabetes care. In our inquiry, we pay particular attention to the social and ethical dimensions of this innovation, building on empirical material. Upon exploring the notion of patient-led innovation and its socio-political context through the lens of intersectional and global health justice, we argue that a proactive strategy is needed to ensure that open-source patient-led innovation will be more globally accessible, center the health needs of the most underserved populations, as well as facilitate equitable and just health benefits. To support this aim, we provide a range of examples of different initiatives addressing the persistent inequalities that have so far inhibited patient-led innovation from more fully materializing its innovative potential.

PROTOCOL: Medical-financial partnerships for improving financial and health outcomes for lower-income Americans: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The primary objectives of this review is to answer the following research questions using formal research studies: What is the extent and quality of MFP intervention research? What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings? What are the effects on health-related outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings?

Accounting Information Security Control and Satisfaction of Accountants Regarding Accounting Information Systems

This study analyzes the factors affecting accountants’ satisfaction with the accounting information system in Vietnamese enterprises. The research results of this study show that the factors affecting user satisfaction with the accounting information system are directly influenced by four factors: the quality of the accounting workforce, perception of usefulness, system quality, and information quality. The quality of the accounting workforce is the factor that has the greatest direct impact on the accountant’s satisfaction. The second is the perceived usefulness factor. The third is the system quality factor, and the last is the information quality factor. In particular, the results of this study indicate that humans are an important factor. Knowledge of accounting information security control is directly proportional to accountants’ satisfaction with the accounting information system. The results can be used to recommend enterprises improve accountants’ satisfaction, helping to increase work efficiency. Objectives: The main objectives of this study include: (1) Identifying the factors influencing the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system in enterprises in Vietnam. (2) Determining the relationship between accounting information security and the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system. (3) Providing recommendations to enhance the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system in enterprises in Vietnam. Methods: This study uses qualitative and quantitative research. During the qualitative process, this study analyzed related works. Group discussions are used to provide initial assessments of measurement scales, concepts, and research hypotheses and to adjust, supplement, and explore influencing factors. The questionnaire and the research model are reviewed by the experts. Quantitative research involved data collection through survey investigations based on a designed questionnaire via Google Forms. The formal research survey was conducted using a stratified sampling method, encompassing businesses from various sectors. The quantitative research employed the Cronbach Alpha reliability test for the measurement scales, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the structural relationships. Descriptive statistics and tests of significance were also utilized. Findings: The results of the study on the factors affecting user satisfaction with an accounting information system are directly influenced by four factors: system quality, information quality, quality of accountants, and perceived usefulness. The quality of the accounting workforce has the greatest direct impact on the accountant’s satisfaction, followed by perceived usefulness, system quality, and information quality factors. Novelty:This study discovered a relationship between knowledge of accounting information security and the level of satisfaction among accountants regarding information technology systems in enterprises in Vietnam. This finding can assist enterprises in implementing strategies to provide more training on accounting information security for their employees. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-05-06 Full Text: PDF

Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Di Era 5.0

In this study, it discusses the Leadership Role of the Principal in the 5.0 Era. This study uses a qualitative research method which is an emphasis in the analysis on descriptive data in the form of words which are of course observed. researchers use formal research objects and materials. The formal object in this study is in the form of a data, while in the material object, it is in the form of a source in a data. According to these results, it can be concluded that a leader in an educational institution must be able to follow all aspects of digital development, so that there are no stages left behind in any aspect. A leader in an educational institution is a factor in the success or failure of an educational institution. So that this can be used as a means to increase progress by using increasingly rapid technology.

Medical Students' Perceptions of Clinical and Research Training: An International Needs Assessment of 26 Countries.

Despite calls to incorporate research training into medical school curriculum, minimal research has been conducted to elucidate trends in research knowledge, opportunities, and involvement globally. This study aims to: (1) assess medical students' perceptions of the level of training they received on research based on their medical school training, and (2) evaluate the obstacles related to conducting research as part of medical students' training. A 94-question, bilingual survey designed by a small focus group of individuals from medical schools across the globe and administered to medical students from different parts of the world, distributed via social media networks (Twitter, Now X, Facebook) and email distributions via international partnerships from November 1 to December 31, 2020. The survey collected demographic information including age, gender, medical institution and country, degree, year in training, clinical rotations completed, plans for specialization, and additional graduate degrees completed. Statistical analysis included a summary of survey participant characteristics, and a comparison between regions, with a variety of comparison and logistic regression models used. A total of 318 medical students from 26 countries successfully completed the survey. Respondents were majority female (60.1%), from Latin America (LA) (53.1%), North America (NA) (28.6%), and Other world regions (Other) (18.2%). Students felt research was an important component of medical training (87.7%), although many reported lacking research support from their institution (47.5%). There were several reported barriers to research, including lack of research opportunities (69.4%), lack of mentors (56.6%), lack of formal training (54.6%), and barriers due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (49.3%). Less frequent were barriers related to financial resources (41.6%), physical resources (computer or internet access) (18%), and English language ability (6.9%). Students from Latin America and Other were more likely to report a desire to pursue research later in their medical careers compared with students from North America. Despite significant interest in research, medical students globally report a lack of formal research training, opportunities, and several barriers to conducting research, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights the need for student research training internationally and the role of further regional-specific and institutional-specific evaluation of research training needs.

Scouting Farm Innovations – Implication for Extension

Aqua-farmers often experiment with their limited resources and available means for maximizing returns. Through years of trial and error, they had come up with locally tested and appropriate package of practices which gained popularity among the farmers in similar agro-climatic zones. These innovations often remain unnoticed and the talents of the farmers remain underutilized. Such innovations developed within resource constraints at the grass roots level have the potentials of wider scale dissemination through up-scaling. Authors underline that these innovations need to be nurtured, promoted and disseminated. They argue that the formal research system learns from the successful cases and tries to improvise the grassroot level innovations.

Accuracy and errors in self-assigned NAICS codes in tax return data

Conventional wisdom holds that North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes chosen by people not experienced with the system are often mis-specified, but there has been little formal research into the scope of the problem. In this paper we explore prevalence of and patterns in misspecification in NAICS codes self-reported on two kinds of business tax forms. Errors are identified by comparing as-filed codes with codes validated by Statistics of Income. We find that over a third of codes are wrong, but that the errors are not random and often (though not always) seem to have logical reasons behind them.

Conceptualizing digital transformation using semantic decomposition

Economic and social disruption generated by COVID-19 increased research on digital transformation processes; however, consensus about the formal conceptual definition of digital transformation is yet to be reached. A concise and clear concept built using existing definitions in literature is needed for empirical research in the business and management fields. Using semantic decomposition method to systematically decompose the extant definitions collected from the business literature, this study proposes the following formal conceptual definition of digital transformation: “a process that aims to improve society by triggering significant changes to the enterprise business model using digital technologies”. Consistent measurable properties caused by a formal conceptual definition support academic research and enable practitioners to exploit new knowledge essential when adapting the firm’s business model to the new digital reality.

Comparative Analysis of Crimes Provided for in Articles 110.1 and 151.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

In the article the author analyzes the causes of the occurrence on the pages of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of the elements of crimes regulating criminal liability for inciting a minor to suicide and facilitating its commission, as well as the involvement of adolescents in actions dangerous to their life and health. The author conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the elements of crimes provided for in paragraph "a" of Part 3 of Article 110.1 and Part 1 of Article 151.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, describes their main, common and distinctive features, raises qualification problems. When writing the scientific work, the author used dialectical, logical, statistical, comparative, formal and legal research methods. The degree of study of the problems raised in the article is represented by the scientific research of such legal figures as Kharlamov V.S., Levandovskaya M.G., Shchetinina N.V., Kiryukhin V.V., etc. The main conclusions of the study are the mutually exclusive nature of criminal acts, their differentiation by optional objective signs of corpus delicti. The novelty of the scientific work lies in the conclusions of the author made based on the results of the study, as well as in the proposal to reform the provisions of the current legislation by the inclusion of a special subject of given crimes.

Does it work and can we do it? Hybrid research that answers both questions.

The perceived disconnect between research and clinic contexts may thus result in frontline clinicians and administrators questioning the approachability and applicability of science to their day-to-day work with patients and families in integrated care. Science grinds along so painstakingly slowly that even within the research community, some thought leaders have called for a moratorium on RCTs in favor of approaches that will yield more immediate public health impact (Kessler & Glasgow, 2011). The aim of this editorial is to describe a both/and research approach called "hybrid studies" and to discuss achievable strategies for doing this kind of work on the front lines. Sure, you can get a multimillion-dollar grant and do a formal research study, but real people on the frontlines can do this type of work too! Hybrid studies have the capacity to answer the two essential questions in healthcare science concurrently and advance the progress of science translation (usable science). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Challenges and opportunities for research clinicians interested in pain: results of a survey.

The National Institutes of Health and its independent advisors recognize the need to develop a strong pain research workforce and provide opportunities, particularly for clinicians, to pursue research careers. A survey was conducted to better understand the challenges facing the clinical pain research community. Respondents reported that time and funding to pursue research were the most critical factors either enabling or holding them back from a research career. Respondents who received some kind of formal research training or mentorship were more likely than those who did not to have federal research funding and to be at more advanced stages of their careers. The findings point to a need for all stakeholders in the pain research community to help formalize research training and provide funding or protected time to support the ambitions of aspiring researchers.

Systematic literature review of the barriers and facilitators of frugal innovation for surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries

ObjectiveGlobally, 5 billion people lack access to safe surgery and annually, only 6% of surgeries occur in low-income countries. Surgical frugal innovations can reduce cost and optimise the function for...

Large-Scale Field Cultivation of Morchella and Relevance of Basic Knowledge for Its Steady Production.

Morels are one of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms worldwide. Therefore, historically, there has been a large international interest in their cultivation. Numerous ecological, physiological, genetic, taxonomic, and mycochemical studies have been previously developed. At the beginning of this century, China finally achieved artificial cultivation and started a high-scale commercial development in 2012. Due to its international interest, its cultivation scale and area expanded rapidly in this country. However, along with the massive industrial scale, a number of challenges, including the maintenance of steady economic profits, arise. In order to contribute to the solution of these challenges, formal research studying selection, species recognition, strain aging, mating type structure, life cycle, nutrient metabolism, growth and development, and multi-omics has recently been boosted. This paper focuses on discussing current morel cultivation technologies, the industrial status of cultivation in China, and the relevance of basic biological research, including, e.g., the study of strain characteristics, species breeding, mating type structure, and microbial interactions. The main challenges related to the morel cultivation industry on a large scale are also analyzed. It is expected that this review will promote a steady global development of the morel industry based on permanent and robust basic scientific knowledge.

"What We're Doing Now…Is More Than Water Cooler": Perspectives of Primary Care Leaders on Leading Through (and Beyond) COVID-19.

COVID-19 presented numerous challenges to primary care, but little formal research has explored the experience of practice leaders and their strategies for managing teams as the crisis unfolded. Describe the experience of leaders in US primary care delivery organizations, and their strategies for leading teams during COVID-19 and beyond. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews performed between 9/15/2020 and 8/31/2021. Purposive sample of 17 clinical leaders in a range of US primary care organizations. An iterative grounded review of interview transcripts was performed, followed by immersion/crystallization analysis. Early in the pandemic, practice leaders reported facing rapid change and the need for constant decision-making, amidst an environment of stress, fear, and uncertainty, but this was buffered by a strong sense of purpose. Later, leaders noted the emergence of layered crises, and evolving challenges including fatigue, burnout, and strained relationships within their organizations and with the communities they serve. Leaders described four interrelated strategies for supporting their teams: (1) Being intentionally present, physically and emotionally; (2) Frequent and transparent communication; (3) Deepening and broadening relationships; (4) Increasing adaptive decision-making, alternating between formal hierarchical and flexible participatory processes. These strategies were influenced by individual leaders' perceived autonomy, which was impacted by the leader's specific role, and organizational size, complexity, and funding model. As the burnout and workforce crises have accelerated, the identified strategies can be useful to leaders to support teams and build organizational resilience in primary care moving forward.

Sentiment Analysis of Nanovest Investment Application Using Naive Bayes Algorithm

Various applications provide simple ways for individuals interested in investing in crypto assets or stocks - both domestic and international - to do so. One of the companies in this industry, Nanovest, has launched the Nanovest investment application. Since its release in 2022, numerous positive and negative responses have been on Google Play, the App Store, and Twitter. However, Nanovest faces two main problems regarding the use of its application. First, they often receive complaints submitted to the operational team, indicating dissatisfaction or problems faced by users. Second, Nanovest has never conducted formal research regarding user experience in using their application. This indicates a lack of understanding of the perspectives, needs and challenges faced by users. This study tries to find out how the public responds to the Nanovest application through a sentiment analysis. This study used tweet and review data from January 1, 2022, to February 17, 2023. The data underwent sentiment analysis, employing the Naïve Bayes algorithm, and were classified into positive and negative sentiments. The findings revealed that 96.07% of the sentiments expressed towards Nanovest were positive, while 22.11% were negative, with these percentages calculated based on the total number of sentiments detected in the data. To evaluate the model's performance, a 10-fold cross-validation approach was utilized alongside the Naïve Bayes algorithm, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 94.8391%. This positive sentiment suggests that users are highly favorable towards the crypto assets and global stock investment services offered by the Nanovest application. Nevertheless, 3.93% of users still expressed dissatisfaction with the app due to some flaws that existed when Nanovest was initially launched. Based on the results that have been obtained and analyzed for the development team, it is recommended to make three improvements, namely reducing application size to minimize memory usage, increasing overall application performance, and increasing access speed across all features to allow application users to access more efficiently. It is recommended for the product team and stakeholders to consider developing the Candlestick chart feature into the application. This also increases the competitiveness of the Nanovest application against other applications.

Factors that moderate global similarity in initial L3 transfer

Abstract Much of the formal linguistic research on third language (L3) acquisition has focused on transfer source selection, with the overall finding that (global) structural similarity between the L1/L2 and L3 is the strongest predictor of initial transfer patterns. Recently, Cabrelli and Pichan (2021) reported data from the production of underlyingly intervocalic voiced stops in L3 Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and L3 Italian that highlight the notion that global similarity is likely moderated by other factors. Specifically, data from heritage Spanish/English bilinguals learning L3 BP reflected reliance on (non-facilitative, but globally more similar) Spanish, while L3 Italian data reflected greater reliance on (facilitative, but globally less similar) English. The current study is a first step towards identifying the source(s) of the disparity, in which we examine the roles of degree of dominance and explicit knowledge in heritage Spanish/English bilinguals. Thirty-four L3 Italian learners completed a delayed repetition task in all three languages. We report English-like patterns that contradict the L3 BP data and cannot be accounted for by degree of dominance or explicit knowledge. We connect these results to existing L3 transfer accounts and the need for further consideration of linguistic and methodological variables, particularly acoustic salience in L3 input and task modality.

Developing health professional students’ handover skills through a virtual, interprofessional handover workshop

Inter-professional education has been identified as a core theoretical pillar for improving learners’ non-technical skills (NTS) and consequently promoting safe patient handover in clinical practice. However, specific handover education, especially in an authentic interprofessional fashion, is rare. Contributing factors include pragmatic and logistical elements, which can potentially be addressed through virtual delivery. We developed a virtual inter-professional handover education programme for undergraduate healthcare students, based on a classroom-based version that we designed and piloted previously. The workshop used interactive large and small group activities to develop understanding of the reasons for poor handover, its implications for patient safety and the skills to undertake structured, focused handover. It specifically included exercises which emphasised the differences between single-profession and interprofessional handover and how miscommunication may arise and lead to errors. The workshop was delivered using Blackboard Learn, Microsoft Teams (version 12) and Vevox (November 2021 version) and based on materials which are readily available in the public domain. 37 students from four professions attended the workshop, which was evaluated using both in-workshop assessment and formal research elements. Handover knowledge and skills, attitudes towards inter-professional handover and confidence in giving and receiving handover increased following the workshop; in addition, students enjoyed taking part and were keen to apply their learning in practice. Content analysis of individual interviews also provides insights into how and why students learned and suggests that the underpinning SECTORS model is appropriate for explaining NTS acquisition in theoretical learning settings, as well as practice. Workshop delivery was both cost and resource effective.