Formal Report Research Articles

The herpetofauna in Sarpang District, Bhutan

Although several checklists exist of herpetofauna in Bhutan, these are based on citizen science data or report the diversity of individual regions and published records are lacking for many areas. Like the country as a whole, there is no formal checklist or report for Sarpang District despite the fact that most of this district is encompassed within three protected areas namely Royal Manas National Park, Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, and Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary.

Validating a Novel Device to Improve Skin Color Matching for Face Transplants.

A prospective study of 100 individuals was conducted. All participants were photographed and scanned with the Nix Color Sensor. Sixty pairwise comparisons were randomly generated. Skin color analysis was performed using photographs and the Nix Color Sensor. Delta E2000 values were compared to mean evaluator ratings using a Spearman correlation analysis. One hundred patients were included. A Spearman's correlation demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between Delta E2000 values and the mean evaluator ratings. The higher the mean evaluator rating for likeness, the lower the delta. A correlation coefficient of -0.850 demonstrates a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.01). When the Delta E2000 rises above 5 there is a significant drop in the mean evaluator ratings. As mean evaluator ratings of 5 and above would be considered adequate for face transplant amongst most plastic surgeons, an E2000 value of 5 or lower should be targeted when matching donors with recipients for face transplant. The Nix Color Sensor positively correlates to the plastic surgeon's perception of skin color and can serve as an adjunct in donor selection for facial VCAs.

Keeping track of and recognizing the value of Public Involvement work in dementia research

The Public Involvement (PI) of people with dementia is slowly but progressively moving from a "nice to have" to a "must have" element of good-quality dementia research. Research funders and ethics committees increasingly ask for evidence of the planning of such involvement. The actual conduct and outcome of PI are, however, unfortunately typically under or inadequately reported. In this article, we provide an overview of what PI is and why it is important to dementia research and Alzheimer Europe's approach to PI. We draw on our recent experience of compiling a set of examples of PI in different European projects in publicly available sources. This highlighted the difficulty of finding information about PI activities and the almost total lack of details of such activities in formal reports, official records, and/or public project websites. In this article, we emphasize gaps and call for more stringent conditions for the inclusion and reporting of PI work in the context of the approval and funding of dementia research projects. We call for the establishment of obligatory reporting on the nature, specific challenges, and impact of PI in dementia research in formal reports (e.g., to funders), in public project websites, and in peer-reviewed articles. Such reporting should cover several key factors such as who was involved, how they were involved, and what impact PI had on the research process.

Student-Athlete Preferences for Sexual Violence Reporting: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Sexual violence (SV) is prevalent among US college athletes, but formal reports are rare. Little is known about adaptations to institution-level reporting policies and procedures that could facilitate reporting. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey with 1004 student-athletes at ten Division I NCAA member institutions to examine how attributes of the reporting system influence the decision to formally report SV to their institution. Changes in utility values were estimated using multinomial logistic regression and mixed multinomial logistic regression.Importance scores were compared to understand student-athlete preferences. In order of relative importance, the two attributes most preferred by student-athletes were higher probabilities of students perpetrating SV being found in violation of code of conduct policies (relative importance score = 33), and the availability of substance use amnesty policies (relative importance score = 24). Student-athletes with prior SV experiences were more likely to opt out of formally reporting in the DCE paired choice, had lower estimated utility values for all attributes, and had less between-person heterogeneity. While anonymous reporting and survivor-initiated investigations were preferred by student-athletes on average, there was considerable valuation heterogeneity between student-athletes (sizeable deviations from mean estimated utilities). These two attributes also varied in relative importance; anonymous reporting had higher relative importance after interacting levels with prior SV experiences and competitive status, but lower relative importance after interacting levels with whether a student-athlete played on men's or women's sports teams. Changes to reporting policies and procedures (e.g., transparency about SV reporting outcomes, implementing substance use amnesty policies) may be promising institution-level interventions to increase formal reporting of SV among student-athletes. More research is needed to understand preference heterogeneity between students and generalize these findings to broader student populations.

Re-framing writing (support): centring audience and purpose in a community nursing course

This presentation examined the collaboration between our Learning Development team and a community nursing course. It began with the question; “Are our demands of students concerning paraphrasing and referencing reasonable?” The assignment was a formal report on a semester-long group project where students partnered with a community agency. The coordinators worried that students (and lecturers) were over emphasising referencing and the technicalities of paraphrasing, to the detriment of engagement with the community nursing process itself. Our LD team eventually realized that the problem was not one of expectations, but rather a genre-audience mismatch. Although the assignment was called a report, the emphasis on integrating scholarly sources made it more like an academic essay, and the tone and length of the report limited its practical use by most partner agencies. Over time, by emphasizing genre, audience and purpose, we have contributed to a gradual loosening of the hold on the original report format. Last year, we provided feedback on a range of digital deliverables, including infographics, videos, and mind maps, each one designed to meet the specific partner agency’s needs. Our model of providing feedback on the report during one-hour in-person meetings has also evolved into a flexible combination of synchronous and asynchronous collaboration with students. We continue to guide students towards thoughtful, transparent source use, but the conversations around referencing and paraphrasing are now more holistic. In this presentation, we’ll share how our discipline-external perspective has supported meaningful student learning about authentic (and impactful) writing for different contexts.

Penerapan Model Extereme Programming Pada Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pembelian

Record management in the purchasing process in a construction company is very important. It is intended that all expenditures for purchases can be neatly arranged, but this has not been implemented properly by PT. Putri Guntur Prakarsa who became the object of our research. Recording in purchasing activities is still not well integrated and even this company has not gotten used to making formal reports. This makes it difficult for top management to make decisions because the information presented is still in the form of raw data. The solution to this problem can be done by creating a purchasing information system that can generate purchase reports directly. The method in developing this application uses the Exterme Programming (XP) model. The result of this research is the realization of an information system that can assist purchasing activities at PT. Putri Guntur Perkasa who can assist in managing purchase data, speed up data processing and present purchase reports quickly and in detail.

Aboriginal patients driving kidney and healthcare improvements: recommendations from South Australian community consultations

ObjectiveTo describe the experiences, perceptions and suggested improvements in healthcare identified by Aboriginal patients, families and community members living with kidney disease in South Australia. MethodsCommunity consultations were held in an urban, rural and remote location in 2019 by the Aboriginal Kidney Care Together – Improving Outcomes Now (AKction) project and Kidney Health Australia. Consultations were co‐designed with community members, using participatory action research, Yarning, Dadirri and Ganma Indigenous Methodologies. Key themes were synthesised, verified by community members and shared through formal and community reports and media. ResultsAboriginal participants identified the importance of: family and community and maintaining their wellbeing, strength and resilience; the need for prevention and early detection that is localised, engages whole families and prevents diagnosis shock; better access to quality care that ensures Aboriginal people can make informed choices and decisions about their options for dialysis and transplantation, and; more Aboriginal health professionals and peer navigators, and increased responsiveness and provision of cultural safety care by all kidney health professionals. ConclusionAboriginal community members have strong and clear recommendations for improving the quality and responsiveness of health care generally, and kidney care specifically. Implications for public healthAboriginal people with lived experience of chronic conditions wish to significantly inform the way care is organised and delivered.

The Predictive Value of Ultrasound, Alvarado Score, and C-Reactive Protein in Pediatric Appendectomy Outcomes

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the combined accuracy of appendix diameter, C reactive protein, and Alvarado score in classifying patients with negative appendectomy and acute appendicitis. Material and Methods: This descriptive observational cohort study research was conducted at the Emergency Department of a Training and Research Hospital between November 2017 and April 2019. We included the data of appendicitis cases aged under 18 years in this restrospective study and gathered data on patients’s demographics, preoperative laboratory values, signs, symptoms, and final pathological diagnosis, restrospectively. Then, cases were divided into acute appendicitis or negative appendectomy groups according to formal pathology reports. Results: The final study population consisted of 60 patients; the negative appendectomy rate was 25%. The diagnostic accuracy of the multivariate model`s involving CRP, Alvarado score, and appendix diameter was 93.3%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% for identifying acute appendicitis (+LR: 14 and -LR: 0.07). Applying the model could have prevented 93.3% of negative appendectomy cases (25% to 1.7%) from undergoing unnecessary surgery in our cohort. Conclusion: In conclusion, CRP, Alvarado score, or appendix diameter should not be used individually to diagnose AA in children. However, combining these variables can increase the accuracy of acute appendicitis diagnosis and may provide a significant reduction in negative appendectomy rates.

Understanding the Differences Between Practice Articles and Applied Research Articles

Understanding the Differences Between Practice Articles and Applied Research Articles

Stalking among sexual and gender minorities: A systematic literature review

Stalking is a serious public health concern in the United States that impacts approximately 1 in 6 women and 1 in 19 men, but little research has considered the stalking experiences of sexual and gender minorities (SGM). Following PRISMA methodology, this review summarizes the literature on the stalking experiences of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Fifteen papers were identified, and findings indicate SGM individuals experience higher rates of stalking compared to heterosexual, cisgender populations. Additionally, although SGM individuals report both similar stalking experiences to non-SGM individuals, SGM individuals also report unique stalking tactics (e.g., receiving unwanted messages from the stalker questioning their sexual orientation), correlates (e.g., minority stressors) of stalking victimization and perpetration, and outcomes compared to heterosexual, cisgender individuals (e.g., belief that university officials would not take their formal report of victimization seriously because they are SGM). A number of limitations of the extant literature were identified including small samples, cross-sectional designs, and measurement variance. This review also identified key gaps in the research regarding knowledge about risk and protective factors for victimization and perpetration, help-seeking, and outcomes of stalking among SGM populations. The absence of research that addresses SGM-specific experiences of stalking contributes to ongoing disparities in stalking and related health outcomes.

Two scandals: the death of Ann Marie Smith in Australia and the Whorlton Hall scandal in Britain

This article examines two recent scandals of abuse and neglect of people with disabilities, namely the death of Ann Marie Smith in Australia and the Whorlton Hall scandal in Britain. The facts of both cases have been established from the formal reports and records of legislators and regulators about the scandals, supplemented by publicly-available court documents and media reports. Using high-level thematic analysis, institutional responses to the two cases are compared by examining the conclusions and recommendations of the resulting formal inquiries. The article identifies lessons from the two cases for improving the safeguarding of people with disabilities, namely for: improved information flows and coordination; strengthened legislation; processes for identifying people at risk; improved outputs of quality audits; enhanced resourcing of advocacy; and the extension of community visitor schemes.

Review of five years of comprehensive NPS analytics and insights into the substance identification workflow of the ADEBAR project

The ADEBAR project aims to comprehensively characterize emerging substances relevant for forensic toxicological casework providing collaborative structure elucidation and instrumental analysis services for forensic science institutes in and around Germany. The ADEBAR project addresses the need of the forensic science community for structural elucidation of novel new psychoactive substances (NPS) and other substances appearing on the illicit market and the digital provision of the analytical datasets. High-quality reference substances as well as court-proof analytical data are required to keep screening methods and databases up to date in a timely and cost-efficient manner. The ADEBAR project represents the competence network of the Federal Criminal Police Office, seven State Bureaus of Criminal Investigation, and the German Customs, co-funded by the EU's Internal Security Fund since July 2017. Additionally, the Universities of Mainz and Freiburg have been involved in the anticipatory synthesis and pharmacological assessment of NPS variants since 2019. Forensic institutes, mostly German police and customs laboratories, submit samples to the ADEBAR consortium. New substances emerging on the drug market (seized or purchased) are elucidated and comprehensively characterized using chromatographic, spectroscopic, and spectrometric techniques [GC-MS, (N)-IR, GC-sIR, NMR, LC-(HR)MS, and Raman spectroscopy]. The workflow chart illustrates the sequence of analytical processes within the ADEBAR project. The results of the analytical characterization are documented in a publishable comprehensive report. The report and the corresponding analytical datasets are published digitally through national and international channels (forum of the GTFCh, EDND of the EMCDDA, and NPS Data Hub) and formal reports are submitted to the early warning system (EWS) of the EMCDDA. Over the period of four and a half years, a total of 549 substances have been analytically characterized, leading to close to 400 reports published. Seized materials, test purchases in online shops, and designer drug derivatives synthesized within the ADEBAR project were analyzed. The minimum requirement of the ADEBAR project for an unequivocal identification is applying two analytical techniques of category A (referring to the SWGDRUG classification scheme) to differentiate structurally related isomers reliably. Synthetic cannabinoids were the largest and (designer) pharmaceuticals the second largest group of substances analyzed so far. Identified opioids shifted from fentanyl analogs like cyclopentanoylfentanyl, 3-methylcrotonylfentanyl, and “U-type” compounds (mainly detected in 2017 to 2018) to buccinazine (AP-237, 2-Me-AP-237, and AP-238) and benzimidazole type opioids like isotonitazene, etonitazene, and etonitazepipne from 2019 onwards. In addition, 106 fully characterized and precisely quantified NPS reference substances have been issued to all German forensic institutes together with a certificate of analysis as a continuous service of the ADEBAR project. The ADEBAR project has been contributing to the availability of analytical data and reference material relevant to the daily work of police and customs laboratories. A total of 3619 mass spectra have been published, together with NMR, IR, GC-sIR, and NIR spectra. The datasets were published worldwide and free of charge and facilitate the identification of these new compounds by other forensic laboratories.

Predicting long-term stock movements with fused textual features of Chinese research reports

By shaping investors’ perceptions and assessments of the stock, research reports have significant impacts on the stock market. Due to the limitations of text mining technology, it is difficult for researchers to effectively utilize long research reports, and most studies mainly focus on investor sentiment. However, due to the lack of appropriate open-domain toolkits, the annotations of sentiment often require expensive manual labeling. In addition, most existing studies have shown the success of using textual data as a supplement to historical price data in short-term forecasting, but not in long-term forecasting. To cover this gap and solve the problem of difficult annotations, we introduce a novel knowledge-driven approach for long-term stock movement prediction based on Chinese research reports. In detail, a new long-term Stock Movement Prediction dataset composed of Research Reports is proposed, namely SMPRR. It is mainly composed of long, formal, and professional research reports and historical prices. Furthermore, we propose the Multi-module Feature Fusion method based on the pre-trained language model FinBERT (MFF-FinBERT), which can effectively fuse textual features from research reports. The experiment results show that the proposed model has achieved better performance than existing methods in the forecasting of one-year stock movements, and the accuracy reaches 79.2%. The results also indicate that the basic information of stocks plays an important role in long-term forecasting, which is in line with the theory of value investing.

Pendampingan Pembentukan Kelembagaan dan Komunikasi Waria Crisis Center (WCC)

The Transgender women community in Indonesia is considered an underprivileged community due to the social and systemic exclusion they experience daily. This condition is worsened due to COVID-19. Due to the pandemic, many transgender women cannot do their job to finance their daily needs to Mass Mobility Restrictions. They also do not have access to vaccines and clinical treatment because most do not have an ID card or social security numbers. To tackle the escalated problem, the transgender women community in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, through Waria Crisis Center (WCC) initiates philanthropic activity to help transmen who suffer health or financial crises. UAJY community service team tries to support WCC in two areas. First, we help WCC to develop its social media presence by helping them setting WCC Instagram dan Facebook official accounts. Second, we help WCC to establish good organizational practice by helping WCC to establish formal job descriptions and report flow.

Evaluating the Accuracy of Computed Tomography of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder Interpretation by Urology Trainees for Suspected Acute Nephrolithiasis

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the interpretation accuracy of urology trainees in reporting computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT-KUB) compared with the formal radiology reports in patients with suspected acute nephrolithiasis. Methods: A sample of 12 consecutive CT-KUB scans for suspected acute nephrolithiasis was prospectively compiled and displayed using a software PACS viewer. 11 urology trainees, with an average of 24 months of urology specialist training, interpreted each scan. A total of 132 urology trainees’ reports were compared to the formal radiology reports for agreement in detecting key findings (presence or absence of stone disease), signs of urinary tract obstruction, clinically significant findings, and clinically non-significant findings. Results: There was a high level of agreement between urology trainees and radiologists for detecting key findings (98.4%) and clinically significant abnormalities (72.7%). There was less agreement in detecting all signs of urinary tract obstruction (56.2%) and non-clinically significant findings (36.8%). Conclusion: This study shows that urology trainees can accurately report CT KUB studies for key findings and clinically significant abnormalities. This may improve ongoing acute management and early patient discharge. However, their findings should be verified against formal radiological reports.

Diagnostic triage in patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis using a deep learning system of radiographs.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard tool for diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), but it is difficult to promptly examine all suspected cases with MRI considering the modality's high cost and limited accessibility. Although radiography is an efficient screening technique owing to its low cost, rapid operability, and wide availability, its diagnostic accuracy is relatively poor. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a deep learning model with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for diagnosing severe central LSS using radiography and to evaluate radiological diagnostic features using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Patients who had undergone both spinal MRI and radiography in the period from May 1, 2005, to December 31, 2017, were screened. According to the formal MRI report, participants were consecutively included in the severe central LSS or healthy control group, and radiographs for both groups were collected. A CNN-based transfer learning algorithm was developed to classify radiographic findings as LSS or normal (binary classification). The proposed models were evaluated using six performance metrics: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The VGG19 model achieved the highest accuracy with an AUROC of 90.0% (95% CI 89.8%-90.3%) by training 12,442 images. Accuracy was 82.8% (95% CI 82.5%-83.1%) by averaging 5-fold models. Feature points on Grad-CAM were reasonable, and the features could be categorized into reduced disc height, narrow foramina, short pedicle, and hyperdense facet joint. The AUROC in the extra validation was 89.3% (95% CI 88.7%-90.0%). Accuracy was 81.8% (95% CI 80.6%-83.0%) by averaging 5-fold models. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a combination of demographic factors (age and sex) did not improve the model performance. The algorithm trained by a CNN to identify central LSS on radiographs showed high diagnostic accuracy and is expected to be useful as a triage tool. The algorithm could accurately localize the stenotic lesion to assist physicians in the identification of LSS.

SOCIALIZATION OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTITIES (SAK EMKM) AND WORKSHOP ON SPREADSHEET APPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL REPORTS

The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and understanding of formal financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM through socialization in the process of accounting records and preparation of financial reports as well as training using spreadsheet application software to compile financial reports with a transactional approach commonly used by business actors, namely cash disbursements and receipts with automation. the process of recording inventories, fixed assets and preparing formal financial reports in the form of Profit and Loss and Financial Position (Balance Sheet). Initial Stages of Activities, conducting several interview processes to find out the production, buying and selling processes as well as recording habits including recording fixed assets and inventories. Then proceed with the preparation of socialization materials for recording and financial reporting based on SAK EMKM and compiling an application for recording transactions with automation in making financial reports using Spreadsheet Software, namely Microsoft Excel with VBA and Macro. Furthermore, the Socialization of Recording and Preparation of Financial Reports based on SAK EMKM and Workshop on the Use of Spreadsheet Applications in Making Financial Reports was carried out. The results show that the majority of MSME actors tend not to register formally and do not make financial reports based on SAK EMKM. The preparation of financial statements is carried out when there is a need for legality related to access to funding by involving third parties in its preparation.

Prevalence and Formal Reporting of Sexual Violence among Undergraduate Student-Athletes: A Multi-State Study.

Sexual violence (SV) is a serious problem on college campuses, and student-athletes are one group of college students at risk for experiencing SV. The administrative context and close-knit bonds of college teams introduce opportunities and structures for responding to SV and delivering uniquely tailored prevention programming, but there is limited research about formal reporting of SV among student-athletes. The current study examines the prevalence of SV and SV reporting history and perceptions among a multi-state sample of undergraduate student-athletes. Student-athletes at 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions across the US participated in an online survey about their experiences of SV victimization, formal reporting of SV, knowledge of resources, and perceptions of responses to SV at their institutions. Among 1004 student-athletes who completed the survey, 29% experienced some type of SV since enrolling at their university, with higher prevalence of SV among student-athletes on women's teams (36%) compared to men's teams (13%). About one fifth of student-athletes felt very or extremely knowledgeable about where to make a report of SV, and only about 10% felt very or extremely knowledgeable about what happens when a student reports SV. Only 9% of participants who experienced SV filed a formal report at their institution. Perceptions about whether campus officials would take the report seriously or would conduct a fair investigation were most positive for students who experienced and formally reported SV. Further research with student-athletes about their decision to formally report and barriers to reporting is needed to build a more comprehensive understanding of the unique experiences of SV among student-athletes. Our results highlight the importance of including and targeting student-athletes in campus SV prevention efforts to build knowledge and trust in hopes of ultimately decreasing the prevalence and adverse consequences of SV.

Flood Susceptibility Assessment (FSA) Using GIS-Based Frequency Ratio (FR) Model in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia

The flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters to strike Sabah, Malaysia, especially in the Kota Belud region. The Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSA) was described using bivariate statistical analysis (the Frequency Ratio model) based on a Geographical Information System (GIS). Field surveys and formal reports from local authorities in the study area created the flood inventory map. The training dataset for statistical analysis consisted of 100 flood locations inundated in 2017, while the validation dataset consisted of 54 flood locations from the 2016 flood report. Eight (8) parameters (elevation, slope curvature, slope angle, topography wetness index, drainage density, drainage proximity, land use, and soil type) were extracted from the database and then converted into a raster format with a cell size of 5m x 5m. Finally, using the natural break classification method, the FSA was generated and classified into five classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. The area under the curve (AUC) analysis validated the flood susceptibility model's accuracy. The success rate AUC was calculated to be 0.89, while the prediction rate AUC was 0.82. The flood susceptibility analysis could be used to develop flood mitigation strategies in land use planning.

Potential Reporters of Suspected Child Maltreatment are Sensitive to the Amount of Evidence and the Potential Consequences of Reporting.

The context of suspected maltreatment cases is likely to influence the decision of whether or not to make a formal report. Across one pilot study (N = 368) and two experiments (Exp. 1N = 444; Exp. 2N =416), undergraduate students and online community participants reported their anticipated actions and beliefs when confronted with evidence of child maltreatment. Participants reviewed case dossiers built from real-world child neglect cases in which increasing levels of evidence were presented and the consequences of reporting, or not reporting, the maltreatment were made salient to the adult or child. The experiments revealed a clear difficulty in deciding whether or not to report suspected maltreatment. Highlighting the impact on either the child or the adult by describing potential consequences moved participants either closer to (child-salient) or farther from (adult-salient) a formal report. Participants were also sensitive to the amount of evidence to support a suspicion of abuse, which influenced the likelihood of a formal report. This work suggests that increasing the salience of maltreatment consequences to child victims may increase the likelihood that suspected maltreatment will be reported.