Formal Literature Review Research Articles

2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Updates Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

For new or updated text, view the 2011 Focused Update and the 2011 Focused Update on Dabigatran. Text supporting unchanged recommendations has not been updated. It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting absolute and relative benefits and risks of those procedures and therapies can produce helpful guidelines that improve the effectiveness of care, optimize patient outcomes, and favorably affect the overall cost of care by focusing resources on the most effective strategies. The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have jointly engaged in the production of such guidelines in the area of cardiovascular disease since 1980. The ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines, whose charge is to develop, update, or revise practice guidelines for important cardiovascular diseases and procedures, directs this effort. The Task Force is pleased to have this guideline developed in conjunction with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Writing committees are charged with the task of performing an assessment of the evidence and acting as an independent group of authors to develop or update written recommendations for clinical practice. Experts in the subject under consideration have been selected from all 3 organizations to examine subject-specific data and write guidelines. The process includes additional representatives from other medical practitioner and specialty groups when appropriate. Writing committees are specifically charged to perform a formal literature review, weigh the strength of evidence for or against a particular treatment or procedure, and include estimates of expected health outcomes where data exist. Patient-specific modifiers, comorbidities, and issues of patient preference that might influence the choice of particular …

Review of the Role of Faith- and Community-Based Organizations in Providing Comprehensive Sexuality Education

This article reviews the role of faith- and community-based organizations in providing comprehensive sexuality education for adolescents in the United States. To gather information about these organizations, a broad approach was used that included a formal literature review, systematic searches through organizational Web sites, and the convening of a panel of experts who support comprehensive sexuality education in faith- and community-based organizations. This paper provides an overview of the context in which community- and faith-based organizations provide comprehensive sexuality education, the various approaches taken, and the challenges, needs, and recommendations for these programs.

2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults

It is essential that the medical profession play a central role in critically evaluating the evidence related to drugs, devices, and procedures for the detection, management, or prevention of disease. Properly applied, rigorous, expert analysis of the available data documenting absolute and relative benefits and risks of these therapies and procedures can improve the effectiveness of care, optimize patient outcomes, and favorably affect the cost of care by focusing resources on the most effective strategies. One important use of such data is the production of clinical practice guidelines that, in turn, can provide a foundation for a variety of other applications, such as performance measures, appropriate use criteria, clinical decision support tools, and quality improvement tools. The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have jointly engaged in the production of guidelines in the area of cardiovascular disease since 1980. The ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Task Force) is charged with developing, updating, and revising practice guidelines for cardiovascular diseases and procedures, and the Task Force directs and oversees this effort. Writing committees are charged with assessing the evidence as an independent group of authors to develop, update, or revise recommendations for clinical practice. Experts in the subject under consideration have been selected from both organizations to examine subject-specific data and write guidelines in partnership with representatives from other medical practitioner and specialty groups. Writing committees are specifically charged to perform a formal literature review; weigh the strength of evidence for or against particular tests, treatments, or procedures; and include estimates of expected health outcomes where data exist. Patient-specific modifiers, comorbidities, and issues of patient preference that may influence the choice of tests or therapies are considered. When available, information from studies on cost is considered, but data on efficacy and clinical outcomes constitute …

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease

TABLE OF CONTENTSPreamble ……………………………….280 Introduction ………………………281 1.1. Methodology and Evidence Review … . .2811.2. Organization of the Writing Committee …2831.3. Document Review and Approval …… .2831.4. Scope of the Guideline ……………283 1.4.1. Critical Issues …………… . .2831.5. Glossary of Terms and

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease: Executive Summary

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease

2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease

2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults

published online Mar 26, 2009; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Lynne Warner Stevenson, and Clyde W. Yancy Ganiats, Marvin A. Konstam, Donna M. Mancini, Peter S. Rahko, Marc A. Silver, Abraham, Donald E. Casey, Arthur M. Feldman, Gary S. Francis, Theodore G. Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Clyde W. Yancy, Mariell Jessup, William T. Konstam, Donna M. Mancini, Keith Michl, John A. Oates, Peter S. Rahko, Marc A. M. Feldman, Gary S. Francis, Theodore G. Ganiats, Mariell Jessup, Marvin A. Transplantation, Sharon Ann Hunt, William T. Abraham, Marshall H. Chin, Arthur Force on Practice Guidelines, International Society for Heart and Lung American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the This information is current as of March 27, 2009 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/j.jacc.2008.11.013v1 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospice Care: A Systematic Review

Access to hospice is a growing public health matter given that quality care at the end of life should be provided to all individuals regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Health care disparities, particularly among racial and ethnic groups, have been well documented in the scientific literature. However, little is known about the demographics of hospice users or the use of hospice services by specific racial and ethnic groups. This paper is a systematic literature review of studies that examine rates of hospice use among minority patients versus white patients. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted using the standard scientific search engines MEDLINE, PubMed, Psych Info, and the Cochrane Library for articles published from 1980 through January 2006. Twelve of 13 relevant studies found differences in hospice use between minorities and whites. The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies using administrative data. No randomized controlled studies, meta-analyses, or any formal literature review were found. Racial variations in hospice use indicate minorities use services disproportionately less than white patients, even after researchers control for specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

Forensic telepsychiatry in the United Kingdom

Forensic telepsychiatry remains in its infancy in the United Kingdom. This article sets out to describe how it can be used within a community forensic service, and the future challenges ahead in the United Kingdom. It looks at relevant academic, governmental, and legal resources and is designed as a scholarly reflection by clinicians rather than as a formal literature review.

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTSPreamble 686Definition of the Problem 688Purpose of These Guidelines 688Methodology and Evidence 689General Approach to the Patient 692History 693Physical Examination and Routine Laboratory Tests 693Multivariable Indices to Predict Preoperative Cardiac Morbidity 694Clinical Assessme

Economic evaluations of dialysis treatment modalities

The purpose of this paper is to review published economic evaluations of dialysis treatment modalities, including hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). A systematic literature review was conducted in both PubMed and EMBASE for the years 1996-2006. Articles were included if they were original research articles comparing PD and HD or comparing subtypes of PD and HD. Twenty-five articles were included in the formal literature review. The majority of articles were cost evaluations, rather than full economic evaluations of both costs and outcomes. The results show that, in developed nations, HD is generally more expensive than PD to the payer. In developing and emerging economies, mainly due to inexpensive labor and high imported equipment and solution costs, PD is not infrequently perceived to be more expensive than HD. However, the costs of dialysis differ by region and additional research is needed particularly in developing economies. HD is a more expensive dialysis modality in developed regions of the world. Research in the developing world is too limited to draw definitive conclusions.

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS Lee A. Fleisher, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Joshua A. Beckman, MD, FACC; Kenneth A. Brown, MD, FACC, FAHA; Hugh Calkins, MD, FACC, FAHA; Elliott Chaikof, MD; Kirsten E. Fleischmann, MD, MPH, FACC; William K. Freeman, MD, FACC; James B. Froehlich, MD, MPH, FACC; Edward K. Kasper, MD, FACC; Judy R. Kersten, MD, FACC§; Barbara Riegel, DNSc, RN, FAHA; John F. Robb, MD, FACC ACC/AHA TASK FORCE MEMBERS Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice Chair; Cynthia D. Adams, MSN, PhD, FAHA; Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA; Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA; Christopher E. Buller, MD, FACC; Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA; Steven M. Ettinger, MD, FACC; David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA; Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA; Loren F. Hiratzka, MD, FACC, FAHA; Sharon A. Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA; Bruce W. Lytle, MD, FACC, FAHA; Rick Nishimura, MD, FACC, FAHA; Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA; Barbara Riegel, DNSc, RN, FAHA; Lynn G. Tarkington, RN; Clyde W. Yancy, MD, FACC

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery

2007;50;e159-e242; originally published online Sep 27, 2007; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Tarkington, and Clyde W. Yancy Lytle, Rick Nishimura, Joseph P. Ornato, Richard L. Page, Barbara Riegel, Lynn G. W. Valentin Fuster, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, Sharon A. Hunt, Bruce Christopher E. Buller, Mark A. Creager, Steven M. Ettinger, David P. Faxon, Alice K. Jacobs, Cynthia D. Adams, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Elliott M. Antman, K. Kasper, Judy R. Kersten, Barbara Riegel, John F. Robb, Sidney C. Smith, Jr, Chaikof, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, William K. Freeman, James B. Froehlich, Edward Lee A. Fleisher, Joshua A. Beckman, Kenneth A. Brown, Hugh Calkins, Elliott L. Vascular Surgery Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for and Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Developed in Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Care for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and This information is current as of March 25, 2009 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/50/17/e159 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is

ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in

It is important that the medical profession plays a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting absolute and relative benefits and risks of those procedures and therapies can produce helpful guidelines that improve the effectiveness of care, optimize patient outcomes, and favorably affect the overall cost of care by focusing resources on the most effective strategies. The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have jointly engaged in the production of such guidelines in the area of cardiovascular disease since 1980. The ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines, whose charge is to develop, update, or revise practice guidelines for important cardiovascular diseases and procedures, directs this effort. The Task Force is pleased to have this guideline developed in conjunction with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Writing committees are charged with the task of performing an assessment of the evidence and acting as an independent group of authors to develop or update written recommendations for clinical practice. Experts in the subject under consideration have been selected from all 3 organizations to examine subject-specific data and write guidelines. The process includes additional representatives from other medical practitioner and specialty groups when appropriate. Writing committees are specifically charged to perform a formal literature review, weigh the strength of evidence for or against a particular treatment or procedure, and include estimates of expected health outcomes where data exist. Patient-specific modifiers, comorbidities, and issues of patient preference that might influence the choice of particular tests or therapies are considered as well as frequency of follow-up and cost effectiveness. When available, information from studies on cost will be considered; however, review …

ACC/AHA/AAP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRAINING IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY

ACC/AHA/AAP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRAINING IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY

Development and Implementation of an Online Master??s Degree in Education Program for Health Care Professionals

Technological advances, especially the Internet and the World Wide Web, have drastically changed educational practices by reforming the concept of education and knowledge transmission at a distance. Professionals in all disciplines have begun using this advanced technology to expand the number of learning opportunities for intellectual growth and professional development. As a result, many universities and educational institutions now offer online higher degree programs to provide opportunities for nontraditional students who have difficulty attending scheduled, campus-based classes. In medicine, a need has been identified for advanced graduate studies in education to develop the next generation of medical educators and to train them in educational research methods to validate their educational efforts. This need was identified by both informal needs assessment at local, regional, and national faculty development meetings and more formal literature review and government survey. The faculty development team of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine) collaborated with the College of Education to develop an online Master's Degree in Education for health care professionals. The program was designed to apply these advanced technologies in order to make the program flexible and accessible to health care professionals whose busy schedules preclude more traditional, in-class graduate programs. This article presents how this program evolved and the problems, challenges, and solutions associated with the development and implementation of the program.

Evidence Supporting the Current Management Guidelines for High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Cytology

The study was undertaken to provide consensus guidelines for the management of women with a cytologic interpretation of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on cytologic examination. This review article presents relevant literature supporting the proposed guidelines. An independent panel of 121 experts in various aspects of the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer precursors, including representatives from 29 participating professional organizations, federal agencies, national and international health organizations, and others were invited by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Guidelines for the management of women with HSIL cytologic results were developed through a multistep process. Draft management guidelines were developed by the HSIL working group after formal literature reviews and obtained input from the professional community at large by way of an interactive internet-based bulletin board. At the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Consensus Conference, September 6 through 8, 2001, in Bethesda, Maryland, the guidelines were discussed, revised, and adopted by formal vote. Evidence-based guidelines have been developed for the management of women with HSIL cytologic results.