Linguistic Forms Research Articles

‘In Itself’: A New Investigation of Kant’s Adverbial Wording of Transcendental Idealism

Abstract This article offers the first systematic investigation of the linguistic forms in which Kant expresses his transcendental idealism since Gerold Prauss’ seminal book Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich. It is argued that Prauss’ own argument for the claim that ‘in itself’ is an adverbial expression that standardly modifies verbs of philosophical reflection is flawed and that there is hence very poor exegetical evidence for so-called ‘methodological two-aspect’ interpretations of Kant’s transcendental idealism. A comprehensive investigation of Kant’s adverbial uses of ‘in itself’ rather reveals that there are various groups of verbs that ‘in itself’ modifies, which can more or less all be reduced to a standard use in which ‘in itself’ modifies verbs of predicative being such as the copula. It is also discussed how these findings can be accommodated by the two main alternative kinds of interpretations, that is, two-object and ontological two-aspect interpretations.

Thanking Expressions in Spoken Nigerian English: A Conversational Analysis

This paper investigates Conversational Routines of Thanking in Spoken Nigerian English. Everyday utterances are made through the use of language whether spoken or written. Thanking is prevalent basically in conversations. The selected speech acts for this study is thanking. Subjects for this study were drawn from three federal Universities from the South-South Region in Nigeria. They included: University of Uyo, University of Calabar and University of Port Harcourt. Data for this study were collected from three different speech interactions, namely: face-to-face conversations (FTFC), telephone conversations (TC) and vote of thanks (VOT). Data were collected through the use of a mini-tape recorder. Here, a Corpus of conversations were selected using purposive sampling method and surreptitiously collected from strategic points. This enabled the researcher to collect the Corpus in its original form. They were collected at different points where the students meet: lecture halls, hostels, canteens, relaxation centres among others. The framework for the analysis of this study is provided by the Speech Act theory. Frequency of the distribution between the male and female subjects, were calculated using the mean statistical method. This study found out that beyond the main functions of thanking, it also performs an array of other functions. Data have also revealed that the multilingual situation in Nigeria has affected the choices of language use, resulting in features such as code-mixing, slangs, Nigerian English-based pidgin, among others. This study has specifically shown that apart from classifying thanking as expressive speech act, it can further be classified as declarative, commissive and requestive speech acts. Therefore, this study concludes that with regard to thanking, the co-existence of English with other indigenous languages have given rise to linguistic patterns and forms, identifying Nigerian English as a distinct variety of the world Englishes. Keywords: Conversational routines, Thanking, Spoken Nigerian English, Nigerian Identity, Speech Acts.

FUNCTIONS OF ANGLICISMS IN THE MEDIA DISCOURSE OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article explores the pragmatic characteristics of English loanwords (anglicisms) and the factors contributing to their adoption and use in various languages. The study of foreign language vocabulary has always been a subject of interest, given its dynamic nature. Anglicisms have deeply integrated into the lexicon of numerous languages, with their prevalence observed across contemporary linguistic landscapes. The inclusion of anglicisms in speech serves to convey a distinctive and «special» message, with speakers opting for these loanwords to demonstrate their alignment with modernity, trends, and fashion. Several additional motives for borrowing anglicisms are identified, including the absence of equivalent terms in the target language, linguistic efficiency, more precise definitions, the necessity for novel linguistic forms, a diverse range of linguistic resources, and overall convenience. The extensive usage of anglicisms is not limited to everyday vocabulary but extends to professional communication domains. The article also delves into the concepts of «linguistic purism» and «language ecology», which have gained prominence within linguistic circles due to the widespread adoption of anglicisms. This influx compromises the uniqueness, authenticity, and originality of languages themselves. The study draws its materials from media discourse, as the media space serves as the primary source for the dissemination of anglicisms. Keywords: anglicism, pragmatic features, linguistic purism, media discourse, media text.

Solid-solution phase formation rules for high entropy alloys: A thermodynamic perspective

To save time and money before starting the production of a high entropy alloy (HEA), it is important to predict the possibility of HEA formation and the probable final microstructure using the solid solution phase formation thermodynamic rules. In this research, a step-by-step calculation of thermodynamic parameters is conducted to predict the possibility of formation and determine the final properties such as ∆Hmix­, ∆Smix, δr, δχ, Ω, VEC, and Tm for three Ni20Co20Cu15Fe20Mn25, Ni35Co20Cu5Fe5Mn35, and Ni5Co5Cu35Fe35Mn20 HEAs. Based on the obtained results, it is not possible to form a HEA with a solid solution structure for the Ni35Co20Cu5Fe5Mn35 and Ni5Co5Cu35Fe35Mn20 systems due to a low ∆Smix value of 11.28 J.mol-1.K-1. Based on the calculated values of ∆Hmix­, intermetallic compound formation and segregation are predicted for Ni35Co20Cu5Fe5Mn35 and Ni5Co5Cu35Fe35Mn20, respectively.

What Does That Mean? Complementizers and Epistemic Authority.

A core goal of research in language is to understand the factors that guide choice of linguistic form where more than one option is syntactically well-formed. We discuss one case of optionality that has generated longstanding discussion: the choice of either using or dropping the English complementizer that in sentences like I think (that) the cat followed the dog. Existing psycholinguistic analyses tie that-usage to production pressures associated with sentence planning (Ferreira & Dell, 2000), avoidance of ambiguity (Hawkins, 2004), and relative information density (Jaeger, 2010). Building on observations from cross-linguistic fieldwork, we present a novel proposal in which English that can serve to mark a speaker's "epistemic authority" over the information packaged within the embedded clause; that is, it indicates that the speaker has more knowledge of the embedded proposition compared with their addressee and thus has a perspective that they believe their addressee doesn't share. Testing this proposal with a forced-choice task and a series of corpus surveys, we find that English that is keyed to the use of embedded speaker (first-person) subject pronouns and occurs in sentences containing newsworthy information. Our account of that-optionality takes into account why that is associated with both (i) a dense information signal and (ii) semantic-pragmatic content, as well as extending to cases of non-optionality in subject/sentence-initial clauses (e.g., *(That) the cat is following the dog, I already know) and fragment answers (e.g., What do you already know? *(That) the cat is following the dog), where that is required.

Productive Facade Studies With Rule-Based Design: Ankara Çınar Street Sampling

The architectural design process, which has a multi-component structure, is redefined with technological up-to-date systems in addition to the unchanging basic design principles in the face of changing needs. This change in the design process, with the inclusion of computer-aided productive approaches in the process, provides original and alternative design outputs in architectural formation. In this study, house facades were analyzed with the shape grammar, which is the rule-based analysis method of the detached house pattern in Ankara, Yenimahalle Çınar Street, which has survived to the present day. This detached house pattern, designed in 1948 and after, reflects the cultural, economic, and aesthetic features of the period. It is valuable in these respects and is the first modern construction study in the history of the Republic of Turkey. Although few examples remain today, they are rapidly replaced by high-rise residences. These newly constructed high-rise buildings do not provide a linguistic unity with the texture of the environment. For the sustainability of Çınar Street’s architectural values, it is of great importance to determine this grammar and to take it into practice with new technologies. In this study, detached houses on Çınar Street are discussed in the context of architectural language, and the rules of formation are determined. The facades, whose architectural form was determined, were tried to be reproduced using the same rules by computer-aided design. The study aims to be a reference for the facade designs of new high-rise residences and to maintain the urban texture by preserving it. In this context, it will contribute to architectural and social sustainability in today’s architecture and designs made using advanced technology.

Neologisms in Mass Media on Selected CNN TV Programs during Coronavirus Epidemic: A Morphological Analysis

This study aimed to investigate the neologisms used on selected CNN TV programs during the coronavirus epidemic. Adopting a descriptive method in analyzing the corpus of the study, we collected (286) neologisms. We analyzed them according to the types of word classes, their topics, and the morphological processes involved in forming these neologisms. The study revealed that 88 percent of the neologisms were nouns and the most prevalent morphological processes were compounding, affixation, and blending, respectively. The study also pointed out that 46 percent of the new words were medical neologisms. Findings revealed that the types of word classes and morphological processes abided by English word formation rules. Besides, all neologisms belonged to English open classes of words.

Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on microstructure transformation of water before carbon dioxide hydrate formation

There is no consensus on the micro mechanism of gas hydrate formation. The essence of water conversion into hydrates is the transformation of disorderly arranged water into the water with specific structure under a certain condition. This study used different multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid promoters for gas hydrate formation. By comparing the effects of nanotubes modified with hydroxyl, carboxyl and amidogen on the microstructure transformation of water before CO2 hydrate formation, the micro mechanism and influence rules of gas hydrate formation were systematically study. The results indicated that the conversion of water to hydrates mainly manifested as the mutual conversion of strong/weak hydrogen bonding water. Due to the Brownian motion and dispersion of MWCNTs, the hydrogen bonds of the weak hydrogen-bonded water weakened (the corresponding peak blue shifts), and the distance between water molecules (dO−O) expanded, forming relatively loose hydrate, which was conducive to gas diffusion in the solid hydrate phase and increased the final gas consumption. Meanwhile, the strengthening of strong hydrogen bonded water increased the rate of hydrate formation.

“It's just a technological version of us”: Three‐generation family WhatsApp groups in Israel

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study analyzes communication practices, roles, and rules developed by family members while participating in a three‐generation WhatsApp family group (WFG).BackgroundAlthough instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp have become increasingly popular with families worldwide, study findings of the digital family formation process, roles, rules, and family communication styles have remained fragmented. Combining the rich familism ideology with technological skills makes the Israel digital family a good study case.MethodWe conducted 43 semistructured interviews with WFG participants representing three generations of Jewish Israeli families.ResultsAll WFGs were organized in the form of a three‐generation family tree, including one or a couple of older people in the core and a significant number of their younger relatives in the upper tree levels, where WFG membership was used as a marker of family belonging. WFG members played roles of kinkeepers, flickerers (rarely commenting participants), and silent warm experts. WFGs used two rules for communication—problematic discourse avoidance and exaggerated writing style—and two strategies for enforcing those rules—temporarily excluding rule breakers from the general group or ignoring messages of offending participant(s).ConclusionMaintaining the WFG is not a single initiative but a collective, well‐coordinated endeavor of all family generations, which helps to include grandparents in the digital family, gives WFG participants a sense of family belonging, and reproduces the image of the untroubled family.ImplicationsThe research findings can be helpful for educators, family therapists, social workers, and social policy professionals. Moreover, the study's results can benefit families who want to open WhatsApp family groups.

Information-seeking dialogue for explainable artificial intelligence: Modelling and analytics

Explainable artificial intelligence has become a vitally important research field aiming, among other tasks, to justify predictions made by intelligent classifiers automatically learned from data. Importantly, efficiency of automated explanations may be undermined if the end user does not have sufficient domain knowledge or lacks information about the data used for training. To address the issue of effective explanation communication, we propose a novel information-seeking explanatory dialogue game following the most recent requirements to automatically generated explanations. Further, we generalise our dialogue model in form of an explanatory dialogue grammar which makes it applicable to interpretable rule-based classifiers that are enhanced with the capability to provide textual explanations. Finally, we carry out an exploratory user study to validate the corresponding dialogue protocol and analyse the experimental results using insights from process mining and argument analytics. A high number of requests for alternative explanations testifies the need for ensuring diversity in the context of automated explanations.

Parameters of the cognitive potential of educational text

INTRODUCTION. The subject of the study is the cognitive potential of educational text. The purpose of the study is to determine the parameters of the cognitive potential of an educational text that make up its conceptual model. The relevance of the study is explained by the insufficient knowledge of the cognitive characteristics of educational text as a means of cognitive activity.MATERIALS AND METHODS. To achieve the goal, the author analyzes theoretical and practical material using generalization, systematization and comparison and modeling methods. The research uses domestic and foreign research materials on the problem of academic training text and electronic English-language educational texts for teaching English.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The author uses the concept of cognitive potential to identify and summarize cognitive characteristics. The cognitive potential of educational text is understood as its ability to accumulate, store and transmit various types of knowledge in linguistic form. According to the notion, the a uthor proposes a model of the cognitive potential of the text, which includes three main parameters: the goal-oriented parameter, the subject-oriented parameter, and the text-oriented parameter.CONCLUSION. A conclusion is made about the relationship and heterogeneity of the parameters. It is noted that some parameters have a level structure, since the subjects of cognitive activity are the author and the addressee of the educational text, and the text parameter should be considered in conceptual and linguistic aspects. The development of research can complement and clarify the proposed model of the cognitive potential of educational text. The prospect is to study the relationship between knowledge formats, levels of knowledge in an educational text, as well as the study of cognitive and linguistic models and mechanisms of formation and representation of meaning.

Evolving linguistic divergence on polarizing social media

Language change is influenced by many factors, but often starts from synchronic variation, where multiple linguistic patterns or forms coexist, or where different speech communities use language in increasingly different ways. Besides regional or economic reasons, communities may form and segregate based on political alignment. The latter, referred to as political polarization, is of growing societal concern across the world. Here we map and quantify linguistic divergence across the partisan left-right divide in the United States, using social media data. We develop a general methodology to delineate (social) media users by their political preference, based on which (potentially biased) news media accounts they do and do not follow on a given platform. Our data consists of 1.5M short posts by 10k users (about 20M words) from the social media platform Twitter (now “X”). Delineating this sample involved mining the platform for the lists of followers (n = 422M) of 72 large news media accounts. We quantify divergence in topics of conversation and word frequencies, messaging sentiment, and lexical semantics of words and emoji. We find signs of linguistic divergence across all these aspects, especially in topics and themes of conversation, in line with previous research. While US American English remains largely intelligible within its large speech community, our findings point at areas where miscommunication may eventually arise given ongoing polarization and therefore potential linguistic divergence. Our flexible methodology — combining data mining, lexicostatistics, machine learning, large language models and a systematic human annotation approach — is largely language and platform agnostic. In other words, while we focus here on US political divides and US English, the same approach is applicable to other countries, languages, and social media platforms.

A Novel Network Protocol Syntax Extracting Method for Grammar-Based Fuzzing

A Novel Network Protocol Syntax Extracting Method for Grammar-Based Fuzzing

Food Passports and Intelligent Food Recipes: The Data-Oriented Way of Producing Food

This paper discusses a Multiagent System architecture and its supporting concepts and technical implementation for food-producing systems. The Food and Beverages industry is in dire need of embracing more advanced industrial digitization practices to be able to meet immediate sustainability requirements. One such challenge is improving and optimizing resource utilization. A more rationalized use of raw materials, production processes and machinery is a key aspect of the latter. At the same time, food is still produced, in many instances, in a very traditional way, particularly when it comes to ingredient selection. The architecture introduced in this paper has the ambition of articulating the supply and demand of food products based in the technical characteristics of food (e.g., composition, nutritional content and value, processing efficiency, and taste profiles) instead of the more traditional characteristics. To that end, the paper introduces, among other key concepts, the notion of the Digital Food Identity Card as an active digital document that stores such technical information and the notion of Dynamic Recipe as an active software entity with the dynamic capability of adjusting production parameters in a recipe to market conditions, as well as coordinating the resources included in the execution of a industrial food recipe. Both concepts are modeled as agents and part of the proposed architecture. Finally, the paper provides a formal grammar for a domain specific language, that can be used by human specialists to define a dynamic recipe and be simultaneously interpreted by Dynamic Recipe Agents to enact the behaviours previously described. The domain specific language is an integral part of the architecture, together with the agent-based formulation, and an important link in creating an effectively data-oriented way of articulating different stake-holder concerns. The proposed solution is informed by requirements elicited within domain experts and sustainability targets that food-producing companies currently must adhere to.

Indonesian Suburban Area EFL Teachers' Perspectives on Translanguaging

Bilinguals and multilingual people use translanguaging, which is the technique of using different linguistic components or forms of independent languages to improve communication. When incorporated into teaching methods, translanguaging strategies enable educators to bridge linguistic gaps and support the learning of a foreign language. Despite the perceived advantages of translanguaging, variations in teachers' perceptions create ideological barriers, hindering students from fully embracing translanguaging. This study intends to investigate the perspectives of Indonesian teachers teaching in suburban areas on translanguaging in English language instruction in order to obtain a deeper knowledge of this subject. This study used semi-structured interviews using a qualitative research design to go deep into teachers’ insights on the topic. The result of the study shows that the participants had a generally positive perception on translanguaging and used a variety of translanguaging strategies in their teaching methods, such as the use of contextual cues, cooperation, student-centered approaches, and bidirectional translation. The result of this study also shows participants’ perspective on a crucial need to include translanguaging to support low proficiency level EFL students in their classrooms. In addition, the finding reveals teachers’ perspectives on ramifications of translanguaging when it is used in EFL classes. The findings can be valuable for education stakeholders, particularly in suburban areas, guiding design of lessons with translanguaging practices that cater to learners’ needs in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms.

Patience Agbabi, The Canterbury Tales , and Polyhistorical Form

Abstract: This essay engages the question of historical form via one of the more remarkable retellings of Chaucer, the British-Nigerian poet Patience Agbabi's 2014 book Telling Tales . Retaining Chaucer's governing conceit that the pilgrims share tales to pass the time while traveling from London to Canterbury, Agbabi layers onto this frame narrative a dazzling array of poetic and linguistic forms. The result is a work that flaunts its literary historical textures while resisting single period-based historicization. Rather than peeling back the layers of culture and history that inevitably accrue on artworks as they pass through time, Agbabi's book accentuates them, modeling a brand of historical poetics based not on recovery, but remediation.

Monuments and Moral Memory: Contemporary Black Women’s Experimental Poetics of Reproductive Justice

ABSTRACT: This article examines three contemporary poetry collections by Black women that center as their shared, vital topic the enslaved subjects of J. Marion Sims’s unethical nineteenth-century gynecological experiments: Dominique Christina’s Anarcha Speaks: A History in Poems (2018), Kwoya Fagin Maples’s Mend (2018), and Bettina Judd’s patient.: poems (2014). All three texts inhabit these historical figures through persona and deploy extremely formal experimental syntax and grammar. Drawing on Black feminist thinking about critical fabulation, historical revision, and poetics, this article argues that these works are effective, moral counter-monuments to these women not just in content but in formal architecture—because these poets use formal innovation to critique the biased, hegemonic institutions of medicine and history-writing and to urge readers to fight for reparative and reproductive justice.

Sonata Form as Temporal Process: the First Movement of Bruckner's Sixth symphony

ABSTRACTThe timeworn view that Bruckner's sonata form is a motionless architecture devoid of dynamic processes has long contributed his isolation from the mainstream post‐Beethovenian tradition. Taking inspiration from August Halm's (1914) and Ernst Kurth's (1925) approaches, which were aimed at overcoming this view, this article seeks to elucidate the processual aspects of Bruckner's symphonic form in light of recent theoretical developments in musical form. Specifically, it combines William Caplin's form‐functional theory (1998), especially its beginning–middle–end paradigm, with Matthew Arndt's (2018) reconception of formal functionality to construct a new framework for the analysis of Bruckner's symphonic forms.By way of an analytical case study of the first movement of Bruckner's Sixth Symphony, the article reveals that the expression of continuous motion occurring across discrete formal entities, often further dramatised by ‘wave dynamics’ (Kurth 1925), is fundamental to Bruckner's reinvigoration of sonata form's inherent temporal process in a post‐Romantic context. In the exposition, the inter‐thematic beginning, middle and end paradigms are redistributed to the three thematic groups, which express their unique temporal domain while delineating a continuous tonal journey from the home key to the subordinate key. The remainder of the movement articulates a gradual journey of homecoming, with each subsequent large‐scale part addressing previously suggested tonal implications. Ultimately, the modified form‐functional approach adopted in this study sheds light on Bruckner's exceptional care for formal syntax on various levels of structure, and its close association with an overarching, though unconventional, tonal plot.

Iconic Intuitions about Linguistic Meanings

I identify the nature and the epistemic status of a sub-type of linguistic intuitions that I call iconic intuitions (IIs). The naive speakers are able to detect, through these intuitions, consistent iconic correspondences between linguistic forms and meanings. Firstly, I identify the main features of the linguistic phenomenon detected by IIs: sound symbolism. The correspondences in which it consists are iconic because they are made up of different types of perceived similarities or associations based on similarities between stimuli - one of which is linguistic. Then, I analyze the main alternative philosophical and psychological characterizations of intuitions, and their evidential role, focusing on linguistic intuitions. On these bases, I conclude that intuitions should be conceived as a heterogeneous construct. Secondly, I argue that the IIs are neither beliefs, dispositions to belief, judgments, or intellectual seemings with propositional contents, but rather perceptual seemings. They consist of the ability or sensitivity to detect iconic correspondences or associations. In other words, sound inputs directly “track” the meanings conveyed by them. They are characterized by their peculiar presentational phenomenology and evaluative component. Now, according to the type of content and cognitive processing involved, it would seem convenient to distinguish between the most purely perceptual ones, based on associative processes, and those that also involve accumulated experience, analytical processes, and conceptual manipulation. After reviewing the psycholinguistic experimental literature based on intuitions about sound symbolism, I argue that IIs are first-level intuitions, and as such a reliable source of direct and prima facie evidence about the iconic features in language. Finally, I argue that these IIs offer a privileged “window” to explore the relationships between language and perception (and affection/emotion). I conclude by arguing that this kind of intuition is a non-dispensable input for philosophical reflection and scientific research on language. So, although I vindicate the relevance of intuitions for understanding linguistic meaning, IIs are not of the same kind, nor do they require the same methods for studying them as those that have mainly interested philosophers.

Interculturality and Peace in the Training of English Teachers

Today's society lives daily accelerated changes in all its spheres produced by information and communication technologies in a world characterized by globalization. The speed of change requires education to remain in continuous reflection to rethink and reconsider its educational work in order to respond appropriately to the new challenges and problems that society is experiencing. In coherence with the challenges caused by changes in daily life, teacher training requires internalizing the interrelation between peace and interculturality, to contribute to the search and consolidation of peace. The objective of the research was to identify and analyze research related to the training of English teachers in interculturality and peace. For this, the Scopus research platform and the Vosviewer software were used. It was found that the articles found do not recognize the importance of training teachers in interculturality and peace for the culture of democracy. It was concluded that it is important for teachers to develop professionally not only in English language proficiency but also in interculturality and education for peace. The intercultural and peace perspective is articulated with a vision of language learning that goes beyond the linguistic form and commits teachers and students to language learning committed to society in a culturally diverse world.