Formal Documentation Research Articles

Dataset for Software Engineering Learning Resources

– In the current digital age, an abundance of digital resources is readily available to learners. Withthe ongoing COVID pandemic and prevalent economic crises, a significant number of learners prefer toengage in self-learning. To develop customized self-learning applications and guide learners to utilizeresources based on their learning preferences, a dataset containing learning resources and their prerequisiterelationships is required. Several learning resource datasets exist for Machine Learning (ML), InformationRetrieval (IR), and Natural Language Processing (NLP). To contribute to this area, we present the SoftwareEngineering Learning Resource Dataset (SELRD), which is a publicly available dataset specificallydesigned for learning Software Engineering (SE). We have extracted the data for SELRD from multiplesources, including edX, my-mooc, and textbooks. The SE learning resources (SELR) are organized basedon topics, and the dataset includes 602 SELRs referring to 302 topics. We have extracted the content fromlectures and books available in presentation files (pptx) and Portable Document Format (PDF) using Pythonlibraries. Additionally, we have computed the expected reading time for each SELR, which would facilitatelearners by guiding them on the time required to read each respective resource. The SELRD comprises 692prerequisite pairs, including 592 positive pairs and 100 negative pairs. This data can be used along withmachine learning algorithms to generate learning paths that would facilitate self-learners. Additionally, theSELRD can also serve as a repository of SE learning resources. In the future, we plan to add best practicesand examples for each SELR, making it even more useful for learners.

Speech to Text Conversion System for Myanmar Alphabet

This paper is aimed to implement the speech to text conversion system for Myanmar alphabet. The Myanmar alphabet consists of 33 characters from ?ka? to ?ah?. The proposed system is software architecture which allows the user to speak against the computer in Myanmar language and the corresponding character is printed on the screen in the Microsoft Office Word Document Format. The system is emphasized on Speaker Independent Isolated Word Recognition System. The proposed system directly acquires and converts speech to text. This system contains two main modules: feature extraction and feature matching. Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) is applied for feature extraction which extracts a small amount of data from the voice signal that can later be used to represent each character. Feature matching involves the actual procedure to identify the unknown character by comparing extracted features from the voice inputs of a set of known characters. In this system, Vector Quantization (VQ) approach using Linde, Buzo and Gray (LBG) clustering algorithm, which reduces the amount of data and complexity, is applied for feature matching. To implement this system MATLAB programming language is used.

A Comprehensive Review on E-Waste Management Strategies and Prediction Methods: A Saudi Arabia Perspective

Electronic waste generation is increasing dramatically throughout the world. Consequently, this increase in E-waste harms the environment, health, and other aspects of human life. Moreover, hazardous substances and the informal disposal of E-waste severely threaten human health and the environment. Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country in terms of electronic waste generation and is the Arab country that generates the most E-waste. Over the past few decades, several initiatives and policy implementations have been undertaken in the country. However, the management of E-waste is still a source of distress and an unresolved issue. Sustainable development requires much more effort, primarily efficient E-waste management, which can only be achieved by establishing a formal collection system, early forecasting, and accurate estimations. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fundamental and emerging trends in E-waste production worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to summarize the hazardous elements present in E-waste, their dangerous effects, and the economic potential for recycling E-waste as a means of developing sustainable communities. This study explores the practices regarding efficient E-waste management and E-waste estimation and prediction globally, specifically in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. This study suggests that more than the use of a single management probe will be needed to achieve significant results. Instead, a complementary approach can be used to achieve the most effective results. Additionally, people should be aware of the importance of handling and recycling E-waste. This study emphasizes the importance of formal collection and documentation to ensure effective monitoring and sustainable development in any developed country.

MP06-08 ASSESSING BASELINE KNOWLEDGE AND USAGE PATTERNS OF GENDER-AFFIRMING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD MODULES WITHIN A UROLOGY DIVISION AT A SINGLE TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP06-08 ASSESSING BASELINE KNOWLEDGE AND USAGE PATTERNS OF GENDER-AFFIRMING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD MODULES WITHIN A UROLOGY DIVISION AT A SINGLE TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION James Ding, Rosemary Thomas, Thomas Guzzo, and Daniel Lee James DingJames Ding More articles by this author , Rosemary ThomasRosemary Thomas More articles by this author , Thomas GuzzoThomas Guzzo More articles by this author , and Daniel LeeDaniel Lee More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003217.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: No studies evaluate how gender-affirming electronic health record (EHR) modules (which enable seamless integration of patient sexual orientation and gender identity [SOGI] data) are being used by providers/staff within a urology practice. METHODS: All 120 patient-facing providers/staff with EHR access within a urology division at a tertiary care center were offered a 39-question Qualtrics-based survey, which assessed respondents’ cultural competency, baseline knowledge of SOGI EHR modules, and SOGI module usage patterns. Cultural competency was assessed using the LGBT-Development of Clinical Skills Scale instrument. Chi-squared tests and linear regression models were used to determine differences in SOGI module use between roles and drivers of cultural competency. RESULTS: 96 providers completed the survey (response rate, 89%). Only 25% of respondents received training on using SOGI data in the EHR. Respondents possessed high levels of LGBTQ attitudinal awareness (M=6.38/7) but low clinical preparedness (M=4.32/7), largely due to perceived inadequate training to work with LGBT patients. Major drivers of clinical preparedness were respondent role and number of LGBT patients seen in the past year (R2:30.8%, p=0.02). While respondents uniformly report ease finding SOGI data, all providers/staff (particularly physicians) rarely use formal SOGI documentation tools. Few respondents partook in SOGI EHR training; those that did were significantly more likely to use formal SOGI documentation tools. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that providers/staff possess high general LGBTQ cultural competency and ability to find relevant SOGI data in the EHR, while also highlighting limited training in gender-affirming EHR tools and low usage of formal documentation tools. This framework could be a roadmap for evaluating gender-affirming EHR use by urology practices as such features increase in popularity. Source of Funding: This research was funded through a FOCUS Student Fellowship in Women’s Health supported by the Bertha Dagan Berman Award © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e56 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information James Ding More articles by this author Rosemary Thomas More articles by this author Thomas Guzzo More articles by this author Daniel Lee More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

ФОРМУВАННЯ АУДИТОРСЬКОЇ ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЇ В УМОВАХ ДИДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of digitalization on the formation of audit documentation. During the research, the essence of the term "digitalization" was defined. Based on the results of this, functions of digitalization of audit documentation were formed. Three key digital technologies are identified and their influence on the formation of audit documentation is analyzed. It was determined that digitization accelerates the processing of large data sets, generates audit results faster, ensures the accuracy of calculations in working documents, contributes to the high-quality design of audit documentation, ensures safe storage, allows simultaneous work with the documents of several auditors, and facilitates the prompt verification of audit documentation. However, the implementation of digitalization requires financial, human and time costs from the subject of audit activity.

Management of Patients with Spine Tumors Strengthened by a Dedicated Multidisciplinary Spine Tumor Board: A 15-Year Single-Institutional Experience

Patients with spine tumors frequently require timely, multistep, and multidisciplinary care. A Spine Tumor Board (STB) provides a consistent forum wherein diverse specialists can interact, facilitating complex coordinated care for these patients. This study aims to present a single, large academic center's STB experience specifically reviewing case diversity, recommendations, and quantifying growth over time. All patient cases discussed at STB from May 2006 (STB inception) to May 2021 were evaluated. Collected data submitted by presenting physicians and formal documentation completed during the STB are summarized. A total of 4549 cases were reviewed by STB over the study period, representing 2618 unique patients. Over the course of the study, a 266% increase in number of cases presented per week was observed (4.1 to 15.0). Cases were presented by surgeons (74%), radiation oncologists (18%), neurologists (2%), and other specialists (6%). The most common pathologic diagnoses discussed were spinal metastases (n= 1832; 40%), intradural extramedullary tumors (n= 798; 18%), and primary glial tumors (n= 567; 12%). Treatment recommendations included surgery, radiation therapy, or systemic therapy for 1743 cases (38%), continued routine follow-up/expectant management for 1592 cases (35%), supplementary imaging to better clarify the diagnosis for 549 cases (12%), and variable tailored recommendations for the remainder of cases (18%). Care of patients with spine tumors is complex. We believe that the formation of a stand-alone STB is instrumental to accessing multidisciplinary input, enhancing confidence in management decisions for both patients and providers, assisting with care orchestration, and improving quality of care for patients with spine tumors.

Interaction of Islamic Religious Education Teachers with Students in the Learning Process

Purpose of the study: the behavior or ethics of students at SMA Negeri 2 Libureng, Bone Regency, which basically students do not comply with the rules that have been implemented at school which results in a lack of ethics owned by students so that various conflicts arise which basically damage the ethics of the students themselves such as lack of discipline, frequent fights between fellow students and the lack of developing the talents possessed by students.
 Methodology: The research conducted by the author is classified as a qualitative descriptive research carried out in the field (field research), using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation formats as instruments for collecting data on students and teachers of Islamic Religious Education subjects which are considered to provide reliable data needed.
 Main Findings: The results of the study show that there is very good interaction between educators and students in the learning process. This can be seen from the various facilities or means that greatly support the formation of the character that is expected of students to become better individuals.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Although there is much research on the importance of ethics in teaching and the role of Islamic religious education in shaping students' moral values, there is limited research that has systematically explored the relationship between the ethics of Islamic religious education teachers and student interactions in certain contexts. educational context, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature by providing valuable insights into the relationship between Islamic religious education teacher ethics and student interaction in the learning process.

APLICATION OF THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR 4TH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN NO. 48 INPRES GALUNG UTARA BANGGAE DISTRICT MAJENE REGENCY

The problem behind this research is the low learning outcomes of students in learning Mathematics for class IV SDN No. 48 Inpres Galung Utara, Banggae District, Majene Regency. This study aims to describe the application of the Problem Based Learning model to improve mathematics learning outcomes for fourth grade students of SDN No. 48 Inpres Galung Utara, Banggae District, Majene Regency. The approach used is a qualitative approach and the type of classroom action research (CAR) which consists of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 meetings with the stages of activities in the form of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The focus of this research is the application of the Problem Based Learning model and student learning outcomes. The research subjects are teachers and fourth grade students at SDN No. 48 Inpres Galung Utara, Banggae District, Majene Regency. In the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year, there are 18 students. Collecting data using the format of observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative. The results showed that there was an increase in learning both in teacher and student activities and student learning outcomes. The results of this study are teacher teaching activities and student learning activities have increased, in the first cycle the second meeting is in the sufficient category while in the second cycle the second meeting is in the good category. Student learning outcomes in cycle I meeting II are in the high category but student learning outcomes in Mathematics learning have not been completed classically, while in cycle II meeting II the category is very high, student learning outcomes have increased and have been completed classically. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the Problem Based Learning model in learning Mathematics can improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SDN No. 48 Inpres Galung Utara, Banggae district Majene Regency.

Natural history notes on Pampas Fox Lycalopex gymnocercus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in the Paraguayan Chaco

We provide some natural history notes on the Pampas Fox Lycalopex gymnocercus from the Paraguayan Chaco. Information is presented on diet, distribution (with the first formal documentation of the species in the Oriental region), local beliefs, mortality, and possible play behavior. Photographic documentation of the existence of sarcoptic mange in wild foxes in the Paraguayan Chaco is also provided.

PDF Malware Detection Based on Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm (FURIA)

The number of cyber-attacks is increasing daily, and attackers are coming up with new ways to harm their target by disseminating viruses and other malware. With new inventions and technologies appearing daily, there is a chance that a system might be attacked and its weaknesses taken advantage of. Malware is distributed through Portable Document Format (PDF) files, among other methods. These files’ adaptability makes them a prime target for attackers who can quickly insert malware into PDF files. This study proposes a model based on the Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm (FURIA) to detect PDF malware. The proposed model outperforms currently used methods in terms of reducing error rates and increasing accuracy. Other models, such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (J48), Hoeffding Tree (HT), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), were compared to the proposed model. The accuracy achieved by the proposed model is 99.81%, with an error rate of 0.0022.

Repository Information System for the Final Assignment of the South Aceh Polytechnic

A "final assignment repository" is a medium or place for storing final assignments and theses in the form of PDF files (Portable Document Format). At the end of each semester, students must receive a final assignment course for the D3 level. In each university, the final assignment system is often different, but most still use the manual method. When a student's thesis trial and final assignment are printed, it is used as a book as proof that they have completed the thesis or final assignment. For the collection of thesis books, students are required to collect them in the library; often, other students look for study references and assignments in the reading room. For that reason, the author's problem is trying to design a website-based final project repository application using the Laravel framework. This application was built to store student final assignments. In this case, students can easily save the final project file. In this application, the reading room admin plays the role of manager of the final assignment file if students who have submitted it validate that the student has collected it. Majoring students can use this application to access applications that can be used as learning tools or references for their final project. A computerized system is expected to provide convenience and produce applications as expected.

Leveraging Adversarial Samples for Enhanced Classification of Malicious and Evasive PDF Files

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is considered one of the most popular formats due to its flexibility and portability across platforms. Although people have used machine learning techniques to detect malware in PDF files, the problem with these models is their weak resistance against evasion attacks, which constitutes a major security threat. The goal of this study is to introduce three machine learning-based systems that enhance malware detection in the presence of evasion attacks by substantially relying on evasive data to train malware and evasion detection models. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed systems, we used two testing datasets, a real dataset containing around 100,000 PDF samples and an evasive dataset containing 500,000 samples that we generated. We compared the results of the proposed systems to a baseline model that was not adversarially trained. When tested against the evasive dataset, the proposed systems provided an increase of around 80% in the f1-score compared to the baseline. This proves the value of the proposed approaches towards the ability to deal with evasive attacks.

Healthcare professionals' perspectives of deprescribing in older patients at the end of life in hospice care: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

This study aimed to investigate healthcare professionals' barriers to and enablers of deprescribing in older hospice patients at the end of life and prioritise relevant theoretical domains for behaviour change to be incorporated into future interventions to facilitate deprescribing. Twenty doctors, nurses and pharmacists from four hospices in Northern Ireland participated in qualitative semistructured interviews using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)-based topic guides. Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using thematic analysis. Deprescribing determinants were mapped to the TDF enabling the prioritisation of domains for behaviour change. Four prioritised TDF domains represented key barriers to deprescribing implementation; lack of formal documentation of deprescribing outcomes (Behavioural regulation), challenges in communication with patients and families (Skills), lack of implementation of deprescribing tools in practice (Environmental context/resources) and patient and caregiver perceptions of medication (Social influences). Access to information was identified as a key enabler (Environmental context/resources). Perceived risks versus benefits of deprescribing were identified as a key barrier or enabler (Beliefs about consequences). This study highlights that further guidance on deprescribing in the context of end-of-life is required to address the growing problems of inappropriate prescribing, Guidance should consider factors such as the adoption of deprescribing tools, monitoring and documentation of deprescribing outcomes and how best to discuss prognostic uncertainty.

RESEARCH OF STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MEAT AS AN OBJECT OF PROCESSING IN MEAT COMMINUTOR

Today, there is a rapid development of the field of information technologies, which consists of the production of information technologies and related information, which must be written in the form of documentation. Formation of documentation that will contain not only the opinion of the manufacturer, but also the consumer becomes an important task. Because in the first of all, the software is primarily user-oriented. Developers usually provide a description of the software on official sites or in data repositories. While consumers post information in virtual communities, which are rapidly gaining popularity among the population. As a result, the author developed the system architecture for the formation of software documentation based on user experience, the source of which will be virtual communities. The architecture is presented in the form of a multi-agent system, which consists of the set of interacting agents. Agents are autonomous and interactive software systems that solve certain separate tasks, activate themselves and can interact with other agents and the environment in which they function at different points in time. After studying the methods of data integration from virtual communities, the method of data consolidation was chosen. For the correct interaction of agents, each other, a consolidated data repository is used, which receives data from various virtual communities and transfers it to documentation. The system architecture includes the following agents: data collection (from various virtual communities and their transfer to the consolidated data repository); verification of information content of posts (which were obtained as a result of the work of the previous agent) for reliability and adequacy, presence of unwanted content, elimination of duplication of data; structuring community posts according to existing documentation parts; assessment of the quality of the generated documentation according to the characteristics of the ISO/IEC 25010 standard.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Aplikasi Prezi pada Bidang Studi IPS Materi Kedatangan Bangsa Eropa Ke Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP

This study aims to produce a product in the form of Prezi application learning media. This type of research is development research known as Research and Development (R&D), the development model used is the ADDIE model. The development procedures in this study consisted of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The research instruments used were questionnaires, documentation, and assessment formats. Based on the results of the material validation, a value of 4.78 was obtained "Very Eligible" so that the material was declared fit for use, the results of the media validation I obtained a value of 4.5 "Very Eligible" and the validation of media experts II obtained a value of 4.65 "Very Eligible", so media is categorized as feasible to try. Furthermore, students' practicality trials obtained a value of 4.38 "Practical". Thus it can be concluded that Learning Media Using the Prezi Application in Social Science Subjects in Class VIII SMP is feasible and practical to use.

Effects of Indigenous Farming Practices on Maize Production in Ondo State, Nigeria

A lot of indigenous knowledge had been lost through the deaths of elderly persons since there is no formal documentation of such knowledge. Old pests and diseases are beginning to resurface due to cropping patterns and adverse climate change impacts. It is in view of this that the study examine the effects of indigenous farming practices on maize production in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 maize farmers in the study area. Data was collected using validated questionnaire and were analyzed using means, frequencies, percentages, chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation. Findings from the study revealed that majority (80.8 percent) of the farmers were males, (86.7 percent) above 50 years of age, (87.5 percent) married, (87.5 percent) had formal education, (64.2 percent) were Christians, (25.8) followed by Muslim and (10 percent) traditionalist. A large percentage (75.8 percent) received information on indigenous control methods from their parents and grandparents. The result from the study revealed that there was a significant association between marital status (χ² = 10.06, p < 0.04), religion (χ² = 8.05, p < 0.02), membership of social group (χ² = 14.31, p < 0.00) and the perceived effects of indigenous farming practices of the respondents. Similarly, findings revealed that there was a significant association between income (r = 0.45, p 0.05), farm size (r = 0.13, p 0.05), farming experience (r = 0.11, p 0.05) of the respondents and the perceived effects of indigenous farming practices. There was no significant relationship between extension visitation (χ² = 0.04, p 0.62) and farmers use of indigenous knowledge. There was no significant relationship between indigenous farming practices (r = 0.04, p 0.65) and farmers production practices.

P273 Severity of colitis and clinical outcomes for patients admitted with acute UC in 2 large UK centres

Abstract Background Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a challenging complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) that can result in colectomy and even death. Management and recognition of the condition is based on criteria that have changed little since the 1950s (Truelove and Witts criteria). Patients may be admitted to hospital with acute colitis that does not meet criteria to be classed as severe. We hypothesised that such patients might be at risk of “over-management” if treated according to standard ASUC pathways. Methods We performed a retrospective review of inpatients managed for acute UC flares in two UK tertiary centres. We collected their baseline and outcome data. We assessed the proportion of patients meeting criteria for severe disease and compared outcomes between severe and non-severe groups. Results A total of 243 admissions for 200 unique patients were identified for analysis. A formal documentation of disease severity according to Truelove and Witts criteria was present in only 10/243 (4%). 121/243 (50%) met formal criteria for severe disease. Baseline demographic and disease characteristics were similar between patients with severe and non-severe disease (table-1). The use of rescue therapy was more common in the severe group (48% vs 34%, p=0.032). All other outcomes, including hospital length of stay, colectomy rates, and need for readmission were comparable (table-2). Conclusion Patients admitted for acute colitis may frequently not meet criteria for severe disease. It is possible that earlier discharge or admission avoidance may be possible for this group. Baseline demographics do not appear to identify patients with less severe symptoms who nonetheless get admitted. Although rescue therapy was less common for non-severe patients, other outcomes were comparable, including length of stay and colectomy rates. There is a risk that once admitted, non-severe patients may receive management according to standard algorithms for severe disease, risking overtreatment for a subgroup of patients.

Analysis and Application of Calculations Fiscal Reconciliation on Less Corporate Income Pay at Sip Company

Every company in Indonesia currently has an annual financial report, which aims to find outthe performance of a company, besides that the company's financial statements are also used to report and make calculations in paying taxes, financial statements are prepared based on generally accepted principles, namely Accounting Standards Finance (SAK). The background of this study is the result of observations and experiences of researchers, that to determine the calculation of corporate income tax carried out by the SIP company and to compare the calculation of corporate income tax on financial statements made by companies with the Taxation Law. The research used exploratory descriptive analysis method. The research instrument used in this research is the documentation format SIP company financial statements results the conclusion of this study is the analysis of the company's financial statements, indicating that the calculation and reporting of income tax by the company is not in accordance with the tax law. Companies need to calculate the fiscal reconciliation is the most appropriate means used in determining the amount of income tax payable.

The visual morbidity of optic nerve head drusen: a longitudinal review

The ophthalmologic complications of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) in adults have been documented, whereas data on the degree of visual morbidity from OHND in children are limited. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with ONHD at a single, tertiary care ophthalmology department from January 1, 2010, until July 1, 2018, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Inclusion criteria were age ≤18 years of age and formal documentation of ONHD by ancillary testing. A total of 213 patients (386 eyes with ONHD) met inclusion criteria. Mean age at diagnosis was 10.13 ± 4.09 years, and mean follow-up was 2.76 ± 2.91 years. Formal visual fields were available for 208 eyes. Repeatable visual field defects were noted in 24 eyes (11.5%). The most common defect was a nasal step, which occurred in 11 eyes (45.8%). Fifteen eyes had visual field defects at presentation, and 9 eyes developed field loss within 1.39 ± 0.55 years of diagnosis. There was no correlation found between intraocular pressure and degree of visual field loss. Choroidal neovascular membranes were clinically apparent in 5 eyes and treatment was required in 3 eyes. Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy developed in 2 eyes. Visual morbidity associated with ONHD in children is common and may develop in a short period of time after initial diagnosis. There was no correlation found with intraocular pressure.

Effective project management of 3rd party funding in European Union Horizon Industry4.0 projects: sharing experiences from two use cases

To reduce the risk and the required bureaucracy for accessing public funding, the EC has developed a mechanism to grant money to consortia to be used to fund to startups, SMEs and Midcaps to start, evolve or transition their offer to increase their competitivity in the market, in turn providing benefit for the entire European economy.This paper presents the experience in managing what is actually 3rd party (or cascading) funding in two different European Innovation Action Projects in the manufacturing domain. The paper discusses the design and implementation phases and provides the detail on how to manage the processes to ensure fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness that is lacking from the EC's formal documentation.