Alloy Formation Research Articles

Unraveling oxygen-driven surface segregation dynamics in platinum-gold alloys

In this study we use high-energy resolution and fast X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interplay between surface segregation and bulk migration of Pt atoms on Au(111) in an oxygen environment. We demonstrate that the segregation of Pt atoms is significantly influenced by the oxygen partial pressure and identify a range of O2 pressure where PtAu surface alloy formation is inhibited while promoting the formation of Au oxide. These findings are essential to understand the compositional changes in the bimetallic surface alloy, which could potentially lead to modifying the catalytic properties of PtAu up to catalyst deactivation. Our results offer a strategy to control Pt surface coverage on Au(111), a quantity that is of paramount relevance given the applications of PtAu alloys as catalysts in reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction or the oxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide. Additionally, our findings indicate a method for controlling the composition and properties of the surface of PtAu catalysts through adjustments made during the formation of the PtAu alloy.

Towards controllable formation of antiphase boundaries (APBs) in the B2 matrices of the Al-Fe based complex multicomponent alloys

Anti-Phase Boundaries (APBs) formation in B2 (ordered Body Centered Cubic) structures was investigated, focusing on the Al-Fe-Cr/Ni alloys. The current research goal was to propose strategies for controlling APBs formation in multicomponent alloys, following their positive effect on properties of High Entropy Alloys, stated in previous researches. This study is based on our previous investigation of the APBs formation mechanisms in binary B2 Fe50+xAl50-x alloys. There, stable APBs have formed at and above specific Long-Range order parameter. Here, it was established that stabilization of APBs requires disorder at only Al sublattice. Thorough analysis of dislocations revealed that higher complexity accelerates the decrease of order, promoting the formation of APBs. An assessment of disorder in multicomponent systems is challenging and sometimes even impossible, therefore suggested here usage of evaluation of dislocations is an interesting and useful experimental tool to estimate the disorder in these complex systems.

Influence of 0.25% Indium Addition to Ni/CeO2 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane

In this study, the surface and textural properties as well as the catalytic performance of Ni/CeO2 and NiIn/CeO2 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation (WI) and deposition–precipitation (DP) are investigated. The addition of Ni (3.0 wt.%) resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area and pore volume in the case of the WI method, possibly due to a blockage of mesopores. A minimal addition of In (0.25 wt.%) caused a further decrease in the surface area in both cases. XRD analysis showed that Ni deposited on CeO2 by DP resulted in some lattice incorporation, affecting the crystallinity of the support. The H2-TPR profiles altered depending on the different ways of Ni and In introduction. STEM-EDS-derived elemental maps indicated that the Ni and NiIn particles deposited on CeO2 using the DP method were somewhat smaller than in the WI synthesis. A comprehensive CO-DRIFTS analysis proved a direct Ni-In interaction in bimetallic samples, leading to the formation of a surface NiIn alloy. Ni/CeO2 catalysts showed a higher activity in the process of dry reforming of methane (DRM) than the bimetallic counterparts at 650 °C, with the Ni_DP sample performing slightly better. However, the Ni_DP catalyst showed significant coking, which was drastically reduced by the addition of In. The agglomeration of Ni and/or NiIn particles during the 6 h DRM reaction somewhat impaired the catalyst performance. Overall, this study highlights the intricate relationship between the catalyst preparation, surface properties and catalytic performance in the DRM reaction and emphasizes the beneficial role of In addition in reducing the coking of the monometallic catalyst and the critical location and surface morphology of nickel nanoparticles decorated with indium and in contact with ceria.

Highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and cyclopentanone over Cu-Ni bimetallic Catalysts: The crucial role of CuNi alloys and Cu+ species

The selective hydrogenation of furfural derived from biomass is of significant importance in the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds. In this work, Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts with varying metal ratios were effectively synthesized using the urea deposition method and employed in catalytic hydrogenation of furfural (FA) to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and cyclopentanone (CPO) in different solvents. The study revealed that the synergistic interaction between Cu and Ni favors the formation of CuNi alloys, thereby facilitating the reduction of CuO and NiO and resulting in larger amount of metallic species (Cu0/+ and Ni0), and promoting the formation of highly dispersed nanoparticles. Moreover, the formed Cu+ species can serve as Lewis acid sites and improve the adsorption of polarized C = O, thus significantly enhancing the selectivity to FOL. More importantly, the cooperation between Cu+ species and water can promote the aqueous-phase hydrogenation-rearrangement (AP-HR) of FA to CPO. Also, in-situ/on-line DRIFTS shows that Cu3Ni1/SiO2 preferentially adsorbs and activates C = O and prefers to form 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone (HCP), which is the key intermediate to form CPO. DFT calculations agree with the in-situ/on-line DRIFTS, showing that Cu3Ni1 (111) crystal surface with the lowest d-band center and the strongest electronic effects presents the highest adsorption energies of H2, H2O, and FA, the lowest adsorption energies of H*, FOL, and CPO, and the lowest energy barriers of Piancatelli rearrangement of FOL to HCP. Under the optimum conditions, Cu3Ni1/SiO2 gives 99.9 % yield to FOL at 333 K in isopropanol and 96.7 % yield to CPO at 413 K in water. The low cost and high activity of Cu3Ni1/SiO2 make it a potential catalyst for the green production of FOL and CPO in industry.

Effects of hatch spacing on densification, microstructural and mechanical properties of β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

β-solidifying γ‑titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) alloys, which typically contain β-phase stabilizers such as Nb and Cr, hold great promise for the aerospace industry and can potentially be processed through additive manufacturing to realize performance unachievable using conventional methods. However, the effects of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) parameters on the characteristics of the thus obtained samples remain underexplored. To address this gap, we herein examined the effects of hatch spacing on the densification, microstructural, and mechanical properties of L-PBF-fabricated Ti-44Al-6Nb-1.2Cr (at.%) alloy samples, revealing that the strong influence on thermal history induced the variation in densification and formation of two microstructure types. 0.01 mm hatch spacing resulted in repetitive slow cooling and sufficiently remelting, thus suppressing crack formation, promoting high densification, and inducing a complex phase transformation involving the formation of a basket-weave-structured α2 phase and the 〈001〉 alignment of the β phase along the build direction. 0.06 mm hatch spacing resulted in rapid cooling and insufficient heat accumulation, favoring the massive phase transformation, a jagged morphology α2 phase with a randomly distributed crystallographic texture. Hardness was mainly correlated with phase constitution and volume fraction, whereas compressive properties were jointly determined by additional effects of multiple factors such as grain size and crystallographic texture. This work provides the fundamental insights required to suppress defect formation in β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloys and tailor their microstructure for mechanical property enhancement.

Methodological aspects of experimental studies of the influence of electric current on the interaction between metals during spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has become a very popular method of powder consolidation and materials synthesis. The processes of SPS of metallic systems are actively studied, including issues related to the reactive formation of alloys and composites. In the present work, the methodological aspects of experimental studies of the influence of electric current on the processes of interfacial interaction in metallic systems during SPS are considered. Examples showing the possibilities of experimental observation and validation of effects pertaining to SPS are given. Recommendations are formulated to set the experimental studies of the related phenomena.

Microstructure Formation of Al-Based Alloys in the Presence of Rare Earth Metals (Ce, La) and Mn under High Cooling Rate

Microstructure Formation of Al-Based Alloys in the Presence of Rare Earth Metals (Ce, La) and Mn under High Cooling Rate

Catalytic Dehydrogenation on Ultradisperse Sn-Promoted Ir Catalysts Supported on MgAl2O4 Prepared by Different Techniques

Ir and IrSn catalysts with different Sn contents (0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 wt%) were prepared using MgAl2O4 supports synthesized using two different techniques (the citrate–nitrate combustion and coprecipitation methods). Both supports, with a spinel structure, presented low acidity and good textural properties. However, the support prepared by coprecipitation had higher specific surface area and pore volume than the one prepared by combustion, which would favor the dispersion of the metals to be deposited. Likewise, during the preparation of the catalytic materials, a very good interaction was achieved between the metals and both supports, which was confirmed by the presence of sub-nanometer atomic clusters in the mono- and bimetallic catalysts. Regarding the catalytic properties, while the monometallic Ir/MgAl2O4 samples lead to a very low conversion of n-butane and a selectivity towards hydrogenolysis products, the addition of Sn to Ir increases the conversion, decreases hydrogenolysis and therefore sharply increases the selectivity towards the different butenes. Catalysts with higher Sn loadings present better catalytic behavior. One of the roles of the Sn promoter would be to geometrically modify the Ir clusters, drastically decreasing the hydrogenolytic activity. This effect, added to the strong electronic modification of the Ir sites by the action of Sn, with probable Ir-Sn alloy formation, is responsible for the high catalytic performance of these bimetallic catalysts.

Effect of V-shaped Side Groove on Shear Lips Formation of Aluminium Alloy 6061 by Charpy Impact Test

This study investigates the effect of V-shaped side grooves on shear lip formation in aluminium alloy 6061 through Charpy impact testing. Aluminium is used in machines and industry as a structural component due to its mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, easy fabrication, and high specific strength. The presence of a V-shaped side groove alters the stress distribution during impact, potentially influencing the deformation behaviour and fracture characteristics of the material. In this work, the impact tests were conducted on specimens with and without a V-shaped side groove, and the resulting shear lips formation was analysed. The findings reveal that the V-shaped side groove minimises shear lip formation compared to specimens without side grooves. This can be attributed to the surface morphology, which shows a lesser shear lip area with an increasing side groove depth ratio. A smaller shear lips area in Charpy impact tests signifies reduced plastic deformation near the groove or notch region. It indicates the material’s fracture characteristic has lower ductility and limited ability to deform plastically before a fracture occurs. This implies decreased energy absorption capacity, equated to impact energy, and an increased likelihood of brittle fracture behaviour as the side groove depth ratio increases. The micrograph of the fracture surface shows dimples, shear, and cleavage patterns.

Quantification of alloy atomic composition sites in 2D ternary MoS2(1-x)Se2x and their role in persistent photoconductivity, enhanced photoresponse and photo-electrocatalysis

Engineering transition metal dichalcogenides-based semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) layered materials for photo(electro)chemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by water splitting is an enduring challenge. Here, alloy-assisted photoconductivity and photoresponse from CVD-grown MoS2(1-x)Se2x (MSSE) 2D ternary atomic layered alloy-based photodetector device is presented for the realization of PEC HER. The explicit role of ‘S–Se’ and ‘Se2’ atomic alloy sites including chalcogen-induced vacancy defects on the photoconductivity/photoresponse and PEC HER performance of MSSE 2D alloy is investigated. Alloy formation, atomic site-by-site ‘Se’ composition and atomic structure are characterized using Raman/Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, high-angle annular dark field (HAADF)- scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) extensively and supported with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) mapping. Further, the local density and concentration of S–Se, Se2 atomic sites and defects were quantitatively estimated using HAADF-STEM image analysis in correlation with AES and it is found between the range of ∼15–20 % in MSSE alloy. A 10-fold high photoresponsivity in the case of MSSE concerning as-grown MS having fast photocurrent growth time and the prolonged decay time originates from the ‘Se’ and this alloy assisted states to enhance the PEC performance of MSSE alloy. The enhanced PEC HER activity of MSSE alloy was identified in terms of overpotential and current density. In addition, increased density of states as a function of ‘Se’ alloying, shifts in a p-band centre and lowers ΔGH* according to density functional theory calculations, which makes MSSE alloy an efficient HER activity. Further, the PEC stability and presence of the ‘S–Se’ and ‘Se2’ alloying and their role towards HER have been correlated by the spectral line shape analysis of PL and Raman spectra from post-PEC HER catalysts. These experimental and theoretical findings establish the role of chalcogen, and transition metal-based 2D alloy, leading to the design of new PECs of engineered 2D atomic layer interfaces.

The influence of rapid-diffusive β-stabilizers on the microstructure formation and superplasticity of titanium-based alloys

The superplasticity of Ti-based alloys is improved due to grain refinement, an increase in grain size stability, and an increase in the β-phase fraction up to ∼0.5. Alloying with β-stabilizers reduces the β-transus temperature and increases the β-phase fraction at low forming temperatures, thus improving the superplasticity and lowering its temperature. Both grain growth and superplastic deformation mechanisms are diffusion-controlled phenomena, and, therefore, the diffusivity of the alloying elements should have a significant effect on superplasticity. This work deals with the influence of the high-diffusive elements Fe, Co, and Ni on the grain structure and superplasticity of titanium alloys. For this purpose, the Ti-Al-Mo-V alloy, and alloys with proportional replacement of low-diffusive Mo by Fe, Co, or Ni, exhibiting an interstitial diffusion mechanism, were studied. The alloying elements content was selected to ensure the same β-phase fraction at a deformation temperature of ∼875 °C. The microstructure evolution after thermomechanical processing, annealing, and superplastic deformation, as well as post-deformation room-temperature mechanical properties of the studied alloys, were compared. The actual phase ratio was reconstructed by comparing scanning electron microscopy images in backscattered electrons and electron backscatter diffraction data for the same fragments. It was found that Mo replacement for highly diffusive elements accelerated dynamic grain growth during superplastic deformation at an elevated temperature of 875 °C but improved superplasticity at a lower temperature of 775 °C. The results confirmed that alloying with high-diffusive elements is a promising strategy for the design of low-temperature superplastic forming alloys.

Critical temperature-dependent shear band formation in CoCrNi alloy under high-temperature dynamic compression

In numerous engineering applications, the occurrence of highly rapid loading conditions, coupled with significant temperature rise, is prevalent. Under these harsh conditions, shear localization is a prominent material failure mechanism, which may result in catastrophic failure. Generally, materials possessing higher strength, limited work hardening rate, and lower thermal conductivity are more prone to mechanical instability. However, in the current study, a cryo-rolled CoCrNi alloy, characterized by much higher strength and limited work hardening, shows remarkable room and high-temperature mechanical performance under impact loading except at one temperature domain∼600 °C where this material displays mechanical instability by exhibiting adiabetic shearband. To shed light and understand this abnormal mechanical response, an in-depth microstructural study revealed that the ASB formation is closely linked to the recrystallization behavior of this alloy that is invariantly related to the stored energy of cold work, test temperature, and strain rate. Uniquely, the amplified nano-twinning activity at high strain rate and critical temperature promoted the fragmentation of grains and facilitated recrystallization, respectively. Once the recrystallization is completed, the alloy regains work hardening ability even at very high test temperatures, reaching 900 °C due to the deformation of the newly recrystallized matrix. The present work is valuable in delineating the alloy's application domain for rigorous impact and crash-worthiness applications, as there exists a dearth of literature on this material for dynamic scenarios.

Electrostatic Self-Assembly Synthesis of Pd/In2O3 Nanocatalysts with Improved Performance Toward CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol.

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has emerged as a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutrality and mitigating global warming, in which the supported Pd/In2O3 catalysts are attracting great attention due to their high selectivity. Nonetheless, conventional impregnation methods induce strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Pd and In2O3, which leads to the excessive reduction of In2O3 and the formation of undesirable PdIn alloy in hydrogen-rich atmospheres. Herein, we innovatively synthesized Pd/In2O3 nanocatalysts by the electrostatic self-assembly process between surface-modified composite precursors with opposite charges. And the organic ligands concurrently serve as Pd nanoparticle protective agents. The resultant Pd/In2O3 nanocatalyst demonstrates the homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with controllable sizes on In2O3 supports and the limited formation of PdIn alloy. As a result, it exhibits superior selectivity and stability compared to the counterparts synthesized by the conventional impregnation procedure. Typically, it attains a maximum methanol space-time yield of 0.54 gMeOH h-1gcat -1 (300 °C, 3.5 MPa, 21,000 mL gcat -1 h-1). Notably, the correlation characterization results reveal the significant effect of small-size, highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles in mitigating MSI. These results provide an alternative strategy for synthesizing highly efficient Pd/In2O3 catalysts and offer a new insight into the strong metal-support interaction.

Highly selective and sensitive Pb2+ detection via sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride modified by Bi nanospheres

The present-day human race is facing a series of environmental problems due to sewage discharge, excessive use of chemicals, mineral exploitation and so on, which are closely related to the rapid development of industries. The direct consequence is that the pollution of heavy metal ions is becoming more and more serious. It is very important to develop sensitive and efficient methods for detecting heavy metal ions. In this study, the nanocomposite of sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SCN) and Bi nanospheres (BiNSs) was prepared by thermal polycondensation reaction to introduce the sulfur into carbon nitride, followed by solvothermal method to realize the decoration of BiNSs. The SCN/BiNSs nanocomposite presents a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection capacity for Pb2+, derived from S-Pb strong bonding interaction and Bi-Pb binary alloy formation. The low detection limit of 0.07 μM could be achieved when the current response of Pb2+ was measured in the linear range of 0.1 μM − 4.5 μM by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The detection of Pb2+ in actual water specimens led to a recovery rate varied from 88 to 123 %. Further, in the presence of 20-fold interfering ions such as Zn2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Ni2+, the SCN/BiNSs-modified electrode still possesses excellent immunity and selectivity. Meanwhile, the remarkable stability, repeatability and reproducibility of the above sensing electrode have also been demonstrated. Our primary results show that the SCN/BiNSs nanocomposite holds great potential for practical application for Pb2+ detection.

Realizing Ultrathin LiSn Alloy Anode by Tuning the Wettability of Molten Li for High-Energy-Density Batteries.

Despite being heralded as the "holy grail" of anodes for their high theoretical specific capacity, lithium (Li) metal anodes still face practical challenges due to difficulties in fabricating ultrathin Li with controllable thickness and suppressing Li dendrites growth. Herein, we introduce a simple and cost-effective dip-coating method to fabricate ultrathin lithium-tin (LiSn) anode with adjustable thicknesses ranging from 4.5 to 45 μm. The in situ formation of Li22Sn5 alloy improves the wettability of the molten Li, enabling the casting of ultrathin Li metal layers on different substrates. More importantly, the abundant Li22Sn5 lithiophilic sites significantly lower the nucleation overpotential, inducing uniform Li deposition and accelerating the electrochemical reaction at the interface. As a result, the symmetric cell assembled with LiSn-Cu electrodes can cycle stably for more than 120 h with a charge/discharge depth of 50%, which is 1.5 times longer than the lifespan of the pure Li anode. In the full cells paired with NCM cathode, the discharge specific capacity is improved from 13.84 to 70.31 mA h g-1 with the LiSn-Cu anode at 8 C. The LiSn-Cu||NCM full cell realized a high energy density of 724.9 Wh kg-1 at the active material level with an N/P ratio of 1.4.

Defect-rich CoRu alloy embedded in the porous carbon serving as highly-efficient and bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting over a wide pH range

Exploring highly-efficient and pH-universal overall water splitting electrocatalysts are critical but keep challenging. Herein, a highly-efficient, dual-function and pH-universal electrocatalyst consisting of CoRu alloy nanoparticles embedded in the carbon matrix (CoRu/C) was successfully synthesized through an acid etching-pyrolysis conversion process using ZIF-67 as a precursor. Benefiting from the rich crystal defects created during the alloy formation process that could serve as active catalytic sites and the optimized electronic structure, the as-obtained CoRu/C electrocatalyst required overpotentials of only 18 and 37 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 184 and 170 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution, respectively. For practical application, the CoRu/C catalyst only needs a cell voltage of 1.49 and 1.45 V in a two-electrode overall water splitting system to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and acidic medium, respectively. The present work paves a new way for the design and construction of efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, and would inspire widespread research interest in the field of energy storage and conversion.

Formation of metastable phases during spark plasma sintering of Fe@Au core–shell particles

ABSTRACT The present work reports the formation of Fe-Au metastable alloys by galvanic replacement, pressureless spark plasma sintering (SPS) and acid treatment. The reaction of partial galvanic replacement between micrometer-sized iron particles and HAuCl4 solution allowed synthesising core–shell Fe@Au particles. When the Fe@Au particles were treated in HCl solution, iron was selectively dissolved and hollow Au particles were formed. Pressureless SPS of the Fe@Au core–shell particles led to the formation of a metastable intermetallic phase, FeAu3, and a supersaturated solid solution, Au(Fe). The latter was resistant to HCl solution; at the same time, the FeAu3 phase decomposed during HCl treatment to form a porous gold structure. This work shows that a combination of galvanic replacement, SPS and acid treatment can be used for the preparation of metastable Fe-Au alloys with different phase compositions and particle morphologies.

Investigation on electrochemical corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Fe-nano particles produced by high-energy ball milling technique

Abstract This study focuses on converting iron particles from grinding sludge, after removing impurities, into Fe-nanoparticles using high-energy ball billing. The goal is to examine the corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of these Fe-nanoparticles. Nanostructured Fe-powder was synthesized through a process involving 10 h of high-energy ball milling, followed by conventional hot pressing and sintering. Structural and microstructural properties were thoroughly examined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental diffraction spectroscopy. Upon sintering, SEM and TEM analyses unveiled the formation of a nanostructured alloy within the samples. Notably, the milled sample exhibited high hardness value, measuring at 155 HV. However, it is noteworthy that the un-milled sample demonstrated superior compression strength compared to its milled counterpart. Furthermore, the corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated through electrochemical corrosion studies. Interestingly, the sample subjected to 10 h of milling (coin number 5) displayed a significantly lower corrosion rate, measuring at 1.3921 mm/year, suggesting enhanced corrosion resistance attributed to the nano structuring process.

Achievement of a Parameter Window for the Selective Laser Melting Formation of a GH3625 Alloy.

In the selective laser melting (SLM) process, adjusting process parameters contributes to achieving the desired molten pool morphology, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of manufactured components. The parameter window characterizing the relationship between molten pool morphology and process parameters serves as an effective tool to improve SLM's forming quality. This work established a mesoscale model of the SLM process for a GH3625 alloy based on the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the forming process of a single molten track. Subsequently, the formation mechanism and evolution process of the molten pool were revealed. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on the molten pool size and molten track morphology were analyzed. Finally, a parameter window was established from the simulation results. The results indicated that reducing the scanning speed and increasing the laser power would lead to an increase in molten pool depth and width, resulting in the formation of an uneven width in the molten track. Moreover, accelerating the scanning speed and decreasing the laser power cause a reduction in molten pool depth and width, causing narrow and discontinuous molten tracks. The accuracy of the simulation was validated by comparing experimental and simulated molten pool sizes.

THE EFFECT OF LASER OSCILLATING WELDING ON FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their advantages of low density, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. Laser oscillating welding is an innovative process in the realm of welding technology. In this study, two laser oscillating welding methods (circular and linear) were employed to analyze the influence of different oscillation parameters on the formation of titanium alloy. The results indicate that the oscillation frequency has a significant impact on weld formation. The laser scanning trajectory also affects weld formation, with circular and linear scanning trajectories resulting in better weld quality. Finally, the effects of oscillation modes on the microstructure and properties of laser oscillating welding titanium alloy were investigated based on optimized process parameters. Among them, circular laser oscillating welding of titanium alloy exhibits higher tensile strength, with a maximum tensile strength of up to 1188.3[Formula: see text]MPa.