Word Form Research Articles

Critical discourse analysis on BTS commencement speech in dear class of 2020

The aim of the study is to examine the representative of critic in CDA and the hidden meaning in BTS Commencement Speech in Dear Class of 2020. The analysis of this research based on theory of CDA and its analysis methods which were represented by Van Dijk. Whereas the discussion used descriptive qualitative research method which deals with data that are in the form of word, rather than statistics and attempts to arrive at a rich description of something systematically. It starts by analyzing the represented critic on the text and separated them into an expression from each data. Then, it is continued by analyzing the hidden meaning of the text. Since it is a critical discourse, therefore those features are analyzed critically. The result shows that CDA can explore the relationships among language, power, ando ideology. Through the language used, it can be known the strength of power and the purpose of the speaker, which the power is strongly felt and the ideology is clearly seen as well as understandable.

Strategi Ketidaksantunan dalam Film “Siap, Gan!”

The politeness of speech acts can be influenced by certain sociological factors, for example, relative power, social distance, and the presence of elements of coercion. In its development, politeness in speech acts also develops in its opposite form, namely impoliteness. The focus of the study in this research is the language impoliteness strategy in the film "Siap, Gan!" which appears as a reflection of differences in social levels by focusing discussion on the five strategies of impoliteness according to Culpeper's theory. This research aims to describe impolite language strategies in films. The type of research used in this research is qualitative and the data provision technique used in this research is observation/observation techniques. Observation techniques are carried out without involving what is being observed. The data source for this research comes from a video film entitled "Siap, Gan!" obtained on the YouTube channel. The analysis carried out in this research uses contextual analysis. Contextual analysis involves several elements, namely identifying speakers and speech partners, observing the background or causes of the speech, and the goals to be achieved through the speech data analysis, it is known what types of language impoliteness appear in the film "Siap, Gan!" namely bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, and negative impoliteness. The most frequently used strategy is negative impoliteness. This proves the impoliteness in the film "Siap, Gan!" This tends to be used to attack the speaker's negative face. Some of the data findings indicate that several forms of words that are personally offensive to the speaker due to different social strata are also found to be presented as directly impolite with harsh, insulting, degrading, and critical language.

Analisis Rekonsiliasi Fiskal terhadap Perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan pada PT Dwi Putra Karya Sukses

In the Astra International company, there is a reconciliation phenomenon in the asset depreciation section where there are different depreciation methods for commercial financial statements compared to fiscal financial statements research objectives: 1. To find out the calculation of Fiscal Reconciliation at PT Dwiputra Karya Sukses 2. To find out the calculation of taxes payable at PT Dwiputra Karya Sukses 3. To find out the calculation of the comparison of commercial profit and fiscal profit The type of research method used by the author is descriptive qualitative method. According to Bogdan and Biklen in Sugiyono (2020: 7) descriptive qualitative research methods are data collection in the form of words or pictures, so they do not emphasize numbers. By doing the right Fiscal Reconciliation, PT Dwiputra Karya Sukses can see the comparison between Taxable Income (PKP), namely before making a fiscal correction of Rp. 52,777,780 and after Fiscal Correction of Rp. 52,607,673. the difference in Taxable Income (PKP) also results in differences in Income Tax Payable that will be paid. The amount of income tax before fiscal correction is Rp. 5,808,555 and the amount of income tax after fiscal correction is Rp. 4,665,952. There is a difference in income tax payable of Rp. 1,142,603. Fiscal reconciliation of commercial financial statements is closely related to each other. Because it starts from revenue and expenses to the preparation of fiscal profit and loss and ends in income tax that must be paid by the company.

Perbandingan Minat Gadai Emas di Bank Syariah dan Pegadaian Syariah pada Masyarakat Kota Jambi

In an interview conducted with Mr. Abdi, he stated that in the midst of the current economic crisis, pawning gold was indeed a profitable business because many people carried out this practice. The price of gold on the market experienced a significant and rapid increase, reaching around Rp. 1,131,823 per gram. The aim is to analyze the comparison of the estimated value of gold at Islamic banks and Islamic pawnshops and to analyze the similarities and differences in gold pawning transactions at Islamic banks and Islamic pawnshops. This research uses qualitative methods which aim to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects by collecting data in the form of words and not numbers. The results in this research are a realistic picture, information based on facts obtained by researchers in the field. Researchers conducted a survey at the research location using interviews, documentation and observation of research subjects designated as informants in this research. So researchers can draw the conclusion that there is a difference in public interest in pawning gold at Bank Syariah Indonesia and Pegadaian Syariah. Input for Sharia Banks and Pegadaian Syariah in improving the quality of sharia gold pawn products, both operational systems and services. So that people can continue to get the best service from Sharia Banks and Sharia Pegadaian.

Keyakinan terhadap Kitab Al Qur-An Terkait Penyembuhan

The Qur'an plays a major role in guiding humans to learn, gain knowledge, and direct all aspects of life both individually and socially in a positive direction. With the content of guidance, advice, and perfect laws, the Qur'an is the main source of reference for Muslims in living their daily lives and achieving success in this world and in the hereafter.The method that researchers use is descriptive qualitative research. Descriptive qualitative research is research conducted thoroughly on an object. The researcher becomes the main instrument in a qualitative study. Then, the results presented by the researcher are explained in the form of words obtained through valid data. Because qualitative research emphasizes meaning rather than generalization, and also the data cannot be resolved with statistical counts. The treatment process that occurs in one of the Tanjungpinang Kota communities affected by sticking disease is with the help of Koranic verses recited by the ustadz using mineral water media. The mineral water used is the condition that will be used in the treatment process. The water is then read the verses of the Qur'an by the ustadz and washed to several parts of the body of the person affected by sticking disease such as washing the head, hands, feet and finally the face. This paper describes the community's belief in the Qur'ān as a source of healing, which is deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and widely practiced in various Muslim communities, including in Tanjungpinang. The Qur'ān is not only seen as a holy book with high spiritual value but also as a source of alternative medicine that can cure physical, mental and spiritual illnesses.

Subword Representations Successfully Decode Brain Responses to Morphologically Complex Written Words

Abstract This study extends the idea of decoding word-evoked brain activations using a corpus-semantic vector space to multimorphemic words in the agglutinative Finnish language. The corpus-semantic models are trained on word segments, and decoding is carried out with word vectors that are composed of these segments. We tested several alternative vector-space models using different segmentations: no segmentation (whole word), linguistic morphemes, statistical morphemes, random segmentation, and character-level 1-, 2- and 3-grams, and paired them with recorded MEG responses to multimorphemic words in a visual word recognition task. For all variants, the decoding accuracy exceeded the standard word-label permutation-based significance thresholds at 350–500 ms after stimulus onset. However, the critical segment-label permutation test revealed that only those segmentations that were morphologically aware reached significance in the brain decoding task. The results suggest that both whole-word forms and morphemes are represented in the brain and show that neural decoding using corpus-semantic word representations derived from compositional subword segments is applicable also for multimorphemic word forms. This is especially relevant for languages with complex morphology, because a large proportion of word forms are rare and it can be difficult to find statistically reliable surface representations for them in any large corpus.

ANALISIS MAKNA PADA LIRIK LAGU ALENIA KARYA BATAS SENJA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SEMIOTIKA

This research focuses on analyzing the meaning of the lyrics of the song Alenia by Batas Senja. The lyrics of the song Alenia are the first hit single released by the indie band Batas Senja in 2007. The meaning of the song lyrics is important because it is an expression from the songwriter to the public. The aim of this research is to find out the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song Alenia using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach. Saussure's semiotics focuses on signifier and signified. The method used to analyze data was a qualitative descriptive method. This method was used because the data are in the form of words. The result of this research showed that the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song Alenia is the story of the life journey of someone who fought persistently and never gave up in facing all the trials of life. Besides that, to keep moving forward and not be afraid to always try new things so that it does not just produce a monotonous story. This song encourages listeners to pursue their dreams and aspirations with full determination. This message reminds us not only to dream, but also to act and try to make it happen. Therefore, this song inspires us to keep running to look for new things in life and not stop until our goals are achieved.

Both mOTS-words and pOTS-words prefer emoji stimuli over text stimuli during a lexical judgment task.

The visual word form area in the occipitotemporal sulcus (here OTS-words) is crucial for reading and shows a preference for text stimuli. We hypothesized that this text preference may be driven by lexical processing. Hence, we performed three fMRI experiments (n = 15), systematically varying participants' task and stimulus, and separately evaluated middle mOTS-words and posterior pOTS-words. Experiment 1 contrasted text with other visual stimuli to identify both OTS-words subregions. Experiment 2 utilized an fMRI adaptation paradigm, presenting compound words as texts or emojis. In experiment 3, participants performed a lexical or color judgment task on compound words in text or emoji format. In experiment 2, pOTS-words, but not mOTS-words, showed fMRI adaptation for compound words in both formats. In experiment 3, both subregions showed higher responses to compound words in emoji format. Moreover, mOTS-words showed higher responses during the lexical judgment task and a task-stimulus interaction. Multivariate analyses revealed that distributed responses in pOTS-words encode stimulus and distributed responses in mOTS-words encode stimulus and task. Together, our findings suggest that the function of the OTS-words subregions goes beyond the specific visual processing of text and that these regions are flexibly recruited whenever semantic meaning needs to be assigned to visual input.

Reading stories in Arabic: the impact of lexico-phonological and diglossic distance level on comprehension and receptive and productive vocabulary among Arab kindergarten children

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of the lexico-phonological diglossic distance of story reading (a scaffolded storybook intervention, informed by Vygotsky’s theory of scaffolding and fading) on Arabic-speaking preschool children’s comprehension and receptive and productive vocabulary.MethodThe participants were 139 Israeli-Palestinian kindergartners: 71 composed an intervention group and 68 composed a comparison group. The intervention group heard stories gradually from the SpA, identical, cognate, and unique word forms, whereas the comparison group heard traditional stories unrelated to their lexico-phonological distances. Story 1 was read in unique spoken Arabic (SpA) form, stories 2 and 3 were read in 58 and 45% identical and cognate word forms, respectively, and story 4 was read in 70% unique word forms.ResultsThe results clearly showed that children’s vocabulary and story understanding was significantly higher after the intervention, especially noticeable in stories that contained a higher proportion of Standard Arabic (StA). Interestingly, the stories told entirely in Spoken Arabic (SpA) were the most effective, yielding the highest scores in both comprehension and vocabulary. Stories that mixed different word forms also performed well, though not as strongly as the SpA stories, while those solely in StA were the least effective.ConclusionThe findings of the study suggest that scaffolded storybook intervention may enhance the receptive vocabulary and comprehension skills of children. This study shows that, in the context of diglossia, stories should be read to children systematically and gradually according to the lexical-phonological distance of words in the stories.

THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING SWEAR WORDS IN FREE GUY MOVIE SUBTITLE

This research aims to analyze the types of swear words and translation strategies used by translators in translating swear words in Free Guy movie. The data used in this research consists of subtitles from the movie in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The film can be accessed via Disney+Hotstar.com and was released in 2021. The research adopts a descriptive-qualitative methodology and employs Anderson and Trudgill's theory on swear word and Baker's theory on translation strategies. The results of the research indicate that a total of 85 swear words. The most frequent type of swear word is expletive swearing with 55 data (64.70%). The second most common type is abusive swearing with 15 data (17.64%). Auxiliary swearing has 9 data (10.58%), and the least frequent is humorous swearing with 6 data (7.05%). In terms of translation strategies, there are four strategies were identified. The most frequently used strategy is translation using a more neutral meaning with 34 data (40%). The second most common strategy is translation using common words with 25 data (29.41%). Translation by omission has 21 data (24.70%), and the least frequent strategy is paraphrasing using related words with 5 data (5.88%). The high occurrence of expletive swearing is attributed to the characters expressing their emotions or feelings rather than intending to intimidate, insult, or joke. The translation strategy using more neutral or less expressive words is often employed by translators when they encounter difficulties in translating the cultural context from the SL to the TL.

Enhancing Machine-Translated Tourism Texts: Post-Editing Practices of Indonesian Students

This study investigates practices among students majoring in the English Education Study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Indonesia in post-editing machine-translated tourism texts. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, we analyzed the post-editing practices of these students. The texts postedited were authentic Indonesian tourism texts sourced from lonely planet website. The findings revealed machine translation errors in three main areas: lexico-semantic errors, grammatical errors, and syntactic errors. Lexico-semantic errors often involved incorrect word choices and mistranslations of nuanced terms. Grammatical errors were prevalent in the misuse of tense, agreement, and article usage. Syntactic errors included improper sentence structure and word order, leading to awkward or unclear translations. As a result of these errors, it was observed that students did some corrections to polish the machine translated text, from the most dominant type of correction to the least dominant, including correcting lexical choices, correcting word form, correcting word order, omissions, additions and deleting. It is recommended that future studies involve more diverse participants with different text types so as to generate a more comprehensive finding.

Analysis of Euphemistic Language Style in the Novel Pukat by Tere Liye

This research aims to describe and document the form, characteristics and meaning of euphemistic language styles in the novel Pukat by Tere Liye. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research using a structural approach. The data in this research is the euphemistic language style in the novel Pukat by Tere Liye. Data collection techniques were carried out using library study and documentation techniques. The results of this research are that the euphemistic language style in the novel Pukat by Tere Liye is divided into 5 forms. These five forms can be broken down into euphemistic language styles, word forms, phrases, clauses, sentences and idioms. The use of euphemistic language styles is based on the most prominent form, namely the form of the word. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that euphemistic language styles based on word forms are more prominent in the novel Pukat by Tere Liye. Based on its characteristics, euphemistic language styles that have more subtle/polite diction are most often found. Meanwhile, based on its meaning, the euphemistic language style in the novel Pukat by Tere Liye has a more subtle meaning.

Лексические особенности малкинского говора кабардино-черкесского языка

The purpose of the study is to determine the lexical features and main differences with the literary Kabardian language in the speech of the indigenous inhabitants of the villages of Batekh and Etoko in the lower part of the village of Malka (Hajihable) Zolsky district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time since the 50s of the twentieth century, the lexical features of the Malkin dialect of the Kabardian language have been comprehensively studied and characterized. The article analyzes the main differences in the vocabulary of the Malkin dialect in the context of the data of the literary language, reveals the lexical differences themselves, when identical concepts in the literary language and dialect are expressed in different lexical units, traces some differences in the design of the form of words that are common to the Malkin dialect and the literary language. The article also describes some inconsistencies in the semantics of lexemes in the studied dialect with the norms of the literary language. The obtained results show that the main lexical differences in the structure of the dialect and the literary language at the present stage can be divided into conditional groups: lexical ones, when the same concepts in the literary language and dialect are designated by different lexical units; discrepancies in the form of words that are common to the Malkin dialect and the literary language.

Analysis of Prefixes in the Novel "Belahan Jiwa" By Nuniek Kr: Exploration of the Purpose and Impact of Writing

The aim of this research is to analyze the prefixes contained in the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Several instruments that can be used in this research are text selection, text annotation, morphological classification, context analysis, meaning interpretation, analysis notes and validation. The technique used in this research is the reading and note taking technique. The steps used in this technique include reading, analyzing and understanding the structure, marking certain parts according to analysis needs, recording data in the form of sentences and words related to the word formation process, grouping data or classifying data based on the word formation process and analyzing and concluding data based on the results of reading and recording the word formation process in the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, there are 8 (eight) uses of prefixes, namely the prefixes ber-, me-, mem-, per-, se-, di-, ke-, and ter-. In the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR, it can be seen that there are 51 words that use the prefix ber-, for the prefixes me- 59, mem- 19, per-11, se-24, di-13, 14th and ter-25th.

Meaning beyond lexicality: Capturing Pseudoword Definitions with Language Models

Abstract Pseudowords such as “knackets” or “spechy” – letter strings that are consistent with the orthotactical rules of a language but do not appear in its lexicon – are traditionally considered to be meaningless, and employed as such in empirical studies. However, recent studies that show specific semantic patterns associated with these words as well as semantic effects on human pseudoword processing have cast doubt on this view. While these studies suggest that pseudowords have meanings, they provide only extremely limited insight as to whether humans are able to ascribe explicit and declarative semantic content to unfamiliar word forms. In the present study, we employed an exploratory-confirmatory study design to examine this question. In a first exploratory study, we started from a pre-existing dataset of words and pseudowords alongside human-generated definitions for these items. Employing 18 different language models, we showed that the definitions actually produced for (pseudo)words were closer to their respective (pseudo)words than the definitions for the other items. Based on these initial results, we conducted a second, pre-registered, high-powered confirmatory study collecting a new, controlled set of (pseudo)word interpretations. This second study confirmed the results of the first one. Taken together, these findings support the idea that meaning construction is supported by a flexible form-to-meaning mapping system based on statistical regularities in the language environment that can accommodate novel lexical entries as soon as they are encountered.

Transitional phenomena in the adverbialization of nouns

An important part of the system of Russian adverbs constitutes adverbs motivated by non-prepositional and prepositional case forms of nouns, which can be divided into three types regarding the planes of expression and content. The first type includes adverbs motivated by non-prepositionalforms of nouns, e. g., весной. The second type comprises adverbs motivated by prepositional case forms of nouns, such as наверху. The third type is adverbs formed from combinations of different case forms of the same noun, such as изо дня в день. All these types have a stepwise character in the process of adverbalization. The study shows that adverbialization of nouns is closely related to lexicalization, but the degree and ways of lexicalisation for noun word forms are different. The transitivity scale clearly represents the process of separation from the noun and approaching the adverbalization. In addition, in the process of lexicalisation, there is also a process of grammaticalization, which is reflected in morphological, semantic, and syntactic aspects.

К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ОСЛОЖНЕННЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ

About Studying Complicated Sentences in Russian as a Foreign Language Classes Summary The article discusses sentences, complicated by isolated of minors members, in the classroom on Russian as a foreign language. Isolated minors members are relatively independent in the sentence and are characterized by intonation emphasis. In most cases, isolated minor members enter into a semi-predicative attitude with the basic of the sentence or with any of its members. An important prerequisite for isolation is the absence of a close syntactic connection between the word form and it’s definable. For this reason, predominantly freely attaching determinants, agreed and adjoining nominal word forms are isolated. The semi-predicative function can be harmonized and non-harmonized definitions, as well as sentences related to personal pronouns. The study of complicated sentences contributes to the development of oral and written speech of Azerbaijani students. Key words: Russian as a foreign language, complicated sentence, separation, semi-predicativeness

Contextualizing the Use of Slang Words With References to Venom: Let There be Carnage Movie

This research entitled Slang words and Contextualization in Venom: Let There Be Carnage Movie, aimed to discuss the types of slang words and the contextualization the use of the slang word in the movie. The undergraduate thesis analysed the used of slang words in the conversations regarding the types and the contextualization of slang words. This research used the theory types of slang proposed by Allan and Burridge (2006) and the theory contextualization of slang proposed by Gumperz (1992) for the main theory. For the supporting theory used theory of sociolinguistics by Un Nisa (2019). The data of this study are from the utterances, words, and conversation occurred in the movie, in the form of slang words uttered by the characters dialogues. The analysed was use descriptive qualitative method. The results found that there were 5 slang words in the movie types and contextualization of slang, namely: Fresh and Creative, Flippant, Imitate, Acronym and Clipping. The result after analysing the movie, there were fourty six data in types and contextualization of slang. In the types and contextualization of slang, the highest type was flippant slang type and the lowest was acronym type.

Incidental vocabulary recognition effects of subtitled, captioned and reverse subtitled audiovisual input

This study compares effects of brief exposure to L1 subtitled, L2 captioned, and reverse subtitled audiovisual input on three aspects of vocabulary learning: meaning, form, and pronunciation of target language words. A within-subjects design was used, in which three video clips in the different viewing modes were shown to ten L1 Spanish participants who underwent a pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test of English terms that each occurred in just one of the videos. The tests measured recognition of meaning, form, and pronunciation through translation into the L1, dictation, and reading the target words aloud with native speaker ratings, respectively. The findings show statistically significant gains in producing the accurate written form of vocabulary in reverse subtitled and L2 captioned video clips, and mixed results for the other variables, including statistically significant gains in pronunciation of vocabulary with L1 subtitles.

Representation of “Sapa Nandur Ngundhuh” in the Wayang Performance of Cupu Manik Astagina by Ki Enthus Susmono

Wayang kulit not only functions as entertainment, but is also a vehicle for conveying philosophical messages. As in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play, there is a philosophical message in the form of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" or whoever plants will reap. Therefore, this study aims to explore the philosophical message of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play by Ki Enthus Susmono by representing it so that the message can be conveyed. This qualitative research uses Stuart Hall's representation theory through Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis model, namely symbolic code and action code. The data source is a video of a shadow puppet performance entitled "Pakeliran Solid Wayang Kulit Lakon Cupu Manik Astagina by Ki Enthus Susmono" on YouTube Aa Studio. The listening-note taking technique is used to collect data in the form of words and utterances obtained from ginem and janturan in the story. It is known through the symbol code and action code. The results showed that the concept of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play does not only apply to the karma themselves, but can affect other people, including their descendants. In the story of Dewi Windradi, her actions have consequences not only for herself, but also her three children. This research also highlights how karma can be prevented from continuing to reap through some tirakat practices. Such as fasting (ngrowot), meditation and asceticism (tapa brata) which aim to cleanse themselves of past sins and minimize negative karma in the future.