Form Of Utterances Research Articles

Politeness Maxims Performed by Characters in “The Magician Elephant” Movie

This study is aimed to observe the types of politeness maxim as well as the most dominant types used which are found in the movie transcript entitled “The Magician Elephant”. As a part of pragmatics, Leech’s theory about six types of politeness maxims was applied in this study. The data were collected using a documentation method and supported by a note taking technique which was taken in the form of utterances in the movie transcript. In addition, the data were analyzed by using a qualitative method, and showed descriptively in form of sentences and paragraphs. The formal method was also used due to the analysis applied in written words instead of numbers. The findings showed that there were 42 utterances of tact maxim, 17 utterances of generosity maxim, 31 utterances of approbation maxim, 14 utterances of modesty maxim, 18 utterances of agreement maxim, and 10 utterances of sympathy maxim.

Employing the Role of English Language in the Mode of Thought and Action for Guides Professional Function: The Case of Mentawai Tourism

Globalization in tourism has penetrated remote indigenous villages of Mentawai, in which English language plays an important role in tourism. Tour guides employ the English language role in the mode of thought and action in performing their professional functions in serving foreign tourists. In Mentawai tourism, guides play important role due to that local people can not speak in English. Study on the English role in relation to the guide professional function is importantly examined to formulate the English roles employed by guides in performing their task (function) as guide in indigenous culture-based tourism, Mentawai. Unfortunately, the role of English language in the language modes for the guides professional function is not examined in Mentawai tourism. The study examines the role of English language in relation to guides professional function in Mentawai tourism. The purpose is to formulate the roles of English language in the mode of thought and action employed by guides in performing their jobs as guide. The study applied qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings are that the English language is employed by guides in three roles. in the mode of thought, English language plays as interactive and communicative role, while in the mode of action (social mode), English language plays as social role. In the social role, English language is employed in various forms of phatic utterance (small talk) with various functions. Guides emloy the social role to build and maintain social relationship with foreign tourists. In the mode of thought, English language is employed to interact verbally with tourists, and to convey tourism-related information to tourists. In conclusion, English language play an importand role socially, interactively, and communicatively in the guide professional function.

Teacher's Speech Acts in Indonesian Language Learning at Islamic Boarding School

Pesantren, or Islamic boarding school, is one of the places where speech acts occur between teachers and students. The linguistic phenomena in the Islamic boarding school environment are very diverse. This study aimed to describe teachers' speech acts in learning the Indonesian language in class VIII at Islamic Boarding School Salsabila Samarinda, focusing on exploring locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method to describe the phenomenon. The data source was the teacher's speech in Indonesian language learning. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation, recording, and transcription. In this study, the data obtained were the results of recordings that were transcribed to obtain written notes from the subject. The data analysis techniques used were collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. The results showed that the speech acts found in Indonesian language learning are locutionary acts in the form of news and question, illocutionary acts in the form of directive utterances, and perlocutionary acts of convivial and motivational functions. The locutionary acts spoken by the teacher in the Indonesian language learning process were 52 utterances, illocutionary acts were 30 utterances, perlocutionary acts were 25. The teacher’s speech acts in the boarding school environment have particular characteristics like using Islamic terms, Arabic language, and containing religious motivation in the utterances. The results of this research might have implications to contribute to insights about locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts in the boarding school environment.

Petatah-Petitih in Minangkabau Community in Medan, Indonesia: Its Use and Meanings

This study depicts how petatah-petitih (proverbs) and their meanings are used by the Minangkabau people in Medan, Indonesia. This study utilized a qualitative approach. The method used in data collection is documentation techniques to informants talk about sayings and their meanings in Minangkabau society. The data were in the form of utterances taken from observation and interview. The findings present the meanings of petatah-petitih used by community members on some occasion such as giving advice, thanksgiving, marriage, courtesy, and arranging marriage contracts. The moral values incorporated in the proverbs include tolerance, loyalty, humility, satire, and success. Proverbs used for family advice are the most dominant.

Pragmatic Awareness of Speech Acts, Politeness, and Grice Maxims of Iraqi EFL Postgraduate Students

This study examines postgraduate students’ awareness of pragmatic aspects, including Grice Maxims, Politeness, and Direct and Indirect forms of speech. According to Paul Grice’s theory of implicature, which is considered one of the most important contributions to pragmatics, this paper discusses how postgraduate students can meet the cooperative principle when communicating effectively. It also outlines how does politeness principles influence obeying or violating the maxims and how is the use of direct or indirect forms of utterances prompted by politeness. Sixteen master’s students of Linguistics and Literature were asked to take a multiple-choice test. The test will be represented along with the interpretation of each option given in each item. The initial point that the study investigates if belonging to two different groups (Linguistics and Literature) will result in various performances; this will be supplied with a clear-cut answer in the practical part. The theoretical part summarizes a literature review of the discoursal aspects understudy. In addition to clarifying maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner, the theoretical part discusses direct and indirect speech and how indirect speech is used to communicate perlocutionary effects. The conclusion will summarize the whole study by drawing upon the theoretical and practical parts simultaneously and providing further reasons for the variability and choice of one option over another.

The Analysis of Maxim in Student and Lecturer Conversations through WhatsApp Messenger

The presence of instant messaging applications and its practice in daily life makes it easier for us to communicate without space and time limitations. This study aims to describe the adherence to politeness principles in WhatsApp messages sent by students to lecturers during thesis guidance. The method used is the descriptive method. The collecting data is in the form of utterances in WhatsApp messages which show adherence to the principle of linguistic politeness. The data collection technique used is the documentation. Data analysis steps (1) collecting WhatsApp messages, (2) reading messages, (3) identifying maxims, (4) classifying maxims, (5) analysing maxims, and (6) conclusions. The results of the study show that speech between speakers and speech partners (lecturers and students) fulfils the rules/principles of maxims.

Code-Switching Used by Multilingual Person (Jerome Polin) in Nihonggo Mantappu Youtube Video

Language contact is the phenomenon of using two or more languages at the same time and place. The purpose of using two or more languages in communication is to build good communication based on social factors. Language contact caused various linguistic phenomena, such as bilingualism, multilingualism, diglossia, code-switching, code-mixing, and language shift. This research is about code-switching. This research aims to identify the types, reasons, and errors made by Jerome Polin when he did code-switching. The theories used in this research are by Bloom and Gumperz (1972) about types of code-switching, Hoffman (1991) about reasons why people did code-switching, and surface strategy taxonomy by Dulay et al (1982) about types of error. This research was descriptive research with a qualitative approach to solving research problems. The data was taken from the Nihonggo Mantappu youtube video, and in the form of utterances. The results of this research show there are five types of code-switching used by Jerome Polin caused by various reasons. In addition, it was also found that there were errors made even though he had mastered a language.

Penggunaan Bahasa Kias dalam Komunikasi Sosial oleh Masyarakat Saluan di Kabupaten Banggai

The use of figurative language with the aim of strengthening the message conveyed, which is embedded in social communication between people in one community in the context of daily communication, is a unique thing to explore. By using a qualitative approach, this study aims to find out the use of figurative language and the figurative meaning used. The data in this study was in the form of words, utterances or spoken sentences that contain figures of speech in everyday communication. The method used in data collection was the method of observing and recording techniques. The data obtained was then analyzed by selecting, sorting, classifying data, reading, studying and removing unnecessary data. The results of the study show that in social communication, the Saluan people in Batu Itam Village use a lot of figures of speech in the form of simile, namely comparing one object to another. Other objects that are used as comparisons are substitute objects that represent actual objects or allude to other objects but are not pronounced. The Saluan people also use visible objects to become figurative components. Keywords: figurative language, social communication, simile

Hyperboles Used by A Beauty Influencer in The Beauty Product Reviews Videos on YouTube

This study attempts to analyze hyperboles used by a beauty influencer in the beauty product review videos on YouTube. One of the most famous beauty influencer named Suhay Salim in her beauty product reviews videos on her YouTube channel often applying hyperbolic utterances. By following Claridge (2011) and Cano Mora (2006) theory of hyperbole, the study aims to find out the form of hyperbole that used by Suhay Salim in her beauty product reviews videos, and also how the hyperbolic utterance conveyed and why they used in the ways they are. In order to achieve the aims, the data is in the form of utterances that was selected from two of Suhay Salim’s most popular videos which contain skincare products review on her YouTube channel. The study adopts descriptive qualitative research method in order to give detailed explanation in describing the phenomenon. The results show that Suhay Salim uses six forms of hyperbole such as single word, phrasal, clausal, numerical, comparison and repetition hyperbole. And they are conveyed through variations of words, phrases and clauses. There are found some hyperbolic markers which can be grouped into two hyperbole form. There are found more than one hyperbolic marker in one example. And there are also found some examples have the same hyperbolic utterance. Moreover, the use of the hyperbole makes the utterances during reviewing the products way more attractive, convincing and persuasive which can attracts the viewer’s attention and influence them to buy the same product as the reviewer.

TINDAK TUTUR PERLOKUSI PADA DIALOG FILM KELUARGA CEMARA KARYA YANDY LAURENS

This study describes the speech acts of perlocution in the film Kaluarga Cemara by Yandy Laurens, and then relates them to the context of the speech being pronounced. The research has two problems first, how the speech acts of smokings are used in the dialogue of the film Family Cemara by Yandy Laurens and second, how is the context or background of speech acts of speech found in the dialogues of the film Family of Cemara by Yandy Laurens. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, a research that describes and explains data coherently. The technique of providing data in this study uses the note taking technique, which is carried out by recording the data being examined. The note taking technique was carried out to record data in the form of utterances in the dialogue of the film Cemara Family by Yandy Laurens which contained speech acts of perlokusi. While the data analysis method uses the matching method. This method is used to match the form of speech acts of perlokusi with the conditions or context that surrounds them. The data source in this study is a sentence or dialogue which is a speech act of percocution contained in the dialogue of the film Cemara Family by Yandy Laurens. The results obtained show that there are nine forms of speech acts of perlokusi with each different purpose. Some aim to provide confirmation of a number of 2, question 2, statement 3, offer 1, and request 1. Actions that occur when it occurs are not separate from the situation that gave birth to the speech. Context can arise due to the topic of the speaker, the big problem that surrounds the condition of the speaker, the attitude of the speaker over past events, the desire for past conditions, the knowledge possessed by a speech purpose, to the desire to help the interlocutor.

Intentionality Principles of Speakers’ Meaning: Evidence From Requesting in Balinese

The purpose of this study is to examine the intentionality principles in culture-specific Balinese language that can be contextually used on the levels of utterance meaning(s) and force. The data for the study were collected by using a participatory observation method, a questionnaire, and a Focused Group Discussion (FGD). The closed-question survey was conducted only to observe Balinese people’s perception of expressing requests. It was then reviewed comprehensively in an FGD involving 40 participants that included academicians, Balinese language instructors, and Balinese culture activists. They were given a set of stimuli in the form of declarative and interrogative utterances focusing on the intentionality of the requests. They were asked to give a response to such a request accordingly. The collected data were then analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative method based on pragmatics theory, regarding intentionality and levels of meaning involved based upon the context of tradition and discourse. The results of the study show that the intentionality of the speaker's meaning of requesting in culture-specific of Balinese language might fall in both levels of utterance meaning(s) and force which can be expressed in two levels of complexity. The first level concerns the indirectness in the context of a situation, such as asking, providing certainty with tag questions, giving information, offering, greeting, and inviting. The second level relates to the indirectness in the contexts of tradition and discourse, such as giving advice, giving alternative points, complaining, and expressing satire.

SUPERNATURAL POWER IN WONDER WOMAN FILM AND CAPTAIN MARVEL FILM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The aims of this study were to find out kinds of supernatural power experienced by the main character and find out the differences and similarities of supernatural in both of films. The research design was qualitative research method. This research used theory of Supernatural Power by Jonathan C. Smith and theory of Comparative Study by Robert John Clemens. The data were in the form of utterances and actions. The type of data used in this study consists of two films. The result shows that there are five kinds of supernatural power as seen in Wonder Woman film and Captain Marvel film. Kinds of supernatural power find in Wonder Woman film are telekinesis or psychokinesis, telepathy, and sixth sense while in Captain Marvel film; the kinds of supernatural power are telekinesis and retro cognition. Meanwhile, the similarities found are, plot, genre, and history and literary criticism. On the other hand, the differences found are, movement and generation, theme, and myth

An Analysis of Politeness Strategies Used by Kit Connor in the Heart Stopper Series

In social situations, people must be able to recognize the faces of others to respond to emotions and maintain relationships. People are supposed to utilize politeness strategies to save their faces. The purpose of this research is to explain the different functions and kinds of politeness strategies utilized by Kit Connor in the television show The Heart Stopper. This study falls under discourse analysis and employs Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness strategies. In the form of utterances and words, this data is the script for the television series The Heart Stopper. According to our findings, Kit Connor's politeness strategy is used in 37 utterances. She used the baldness strategy 18.9% or 7 times of the time, positive politeness 54% or 20 times of the time, negative politeness 24.4% or 9 times of the time, and informally used 24.4% or 1 time of the time.2.7% used. Kit Connor's favourite politeness strategy is the "offer and promise" part of the positive politeness strategy. The strategy is employed 18.9%, or 7 times of the time. Generally, he employs politeness strategies in his daily life to maintain and build positive relationships with others

초등예비교사의 교실 담화에 나타난 상호작용 유형에 관한 연구*

The present study aims to explore teacher talk and interactional features presented in elementary English classes taught by preservice elementary school teachers. Three preservice teachers’ classes were videotaped, and their classroom discourse was transcribed. Teacher utterances in transcribed data were classified and coded in terms of questions, interactional features, and use of L1 according to four classroom discourse modes. Findings are as follows. First, display questions and referential questions were frequently used, but the former outnumbered the latter in managerial mode and materials/skills and systems mode. Second, interactional features besides questions were used appropriately for pedagogical purpose of each mode. Third, some interactional features such as content feedback and comprehension checks were preferred by teachers while features such as modeling and teacher echo showed different frequencies according to teacher. Fourth, interactional features related to clarify, reformulate, and extend student utterances were rarely used in classroom discourse. These results suggest that preservice teachers’ classroom discourse tends to be message-oriented and communicative. However, they may need to improve their classroom discourse competence to maintain communication in extended turn-talking interactions and provide enough feedback in English by focusing on both form and meaning of student utterance.

Pembentukan Verba Transitif De Adjektiva Dalam Bahasa Minangkabau Dialek Kubung Tigo Baleh di Kenagarian Koto Gadang Guguak

This study aims to describe the process of formation and meaning of transitive verb de adjectives in the Minangkabau language of the Kubung Tigo Baleh dialect in Kenagarian Koto Gadang Guguak, Solok Regency. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive method. The data of this research are in the form of utterances that come from informants in the form of verb de adjectives in the Minangkabau language of the Kubung Tigo Baleh dialect in Kenagarian Koto Gadang Guguak. The data collection techniques used in this study were tapping techniques and fishing rods. Then the data analysis step is to transcribe the data from the recording into written form, identify the data according to the existing format, classify the data into verb formation and conclude the research results. The research findings show that the verb formation process is through the affixation process of transitive verb de adjectives in the Minangkabau language of the Kubung Tigo Baleh dialect in Kenagarian Koto Gadang Guguak. Then the meaning of the transitive verb de adjective consists of three, namely doing what is mentioned, in a state of making more.

The Analysis of Swear Words in Suicide Squad Movie

Swear words as a strong language that is expressed by a person to their powerful emotion by Swan in 1995. The present study discussed the type and the function of swear words in Suicide Squad movie. This research is descriptive qualitative study whose data are in the form of utterances uttered by the characters in Suicide Squad movie that shown the types of swear words and their functions. In finding, the researcher found five types of swear words in Suicide Squad movie. Those are dysphemism, idiomatically, abusively, emphatically and cathartically. The researcher also founds the functions those of swear words as they functioned as showing anger or frustration, descriptive- evaluative, joke, surprise and sarcastic irony. The findings showed that abusive was the dominant type, because this type was mostly used by the characters in Suicide Squad movie. The implication of this research is knowing that swear words found in Suicide Squad movie showed that the characters in Suicide Squad movie used swear words not always to humiliate others or to express anger, but also to express their other emotions and to show friendliness.

Ordinary Language for Extraordinary Loss

Scholarship has established the difficulty of expressing the seemingly inexpressible experience of traumatic loss. Nevertheless, there are texts that enable expression despite this difficulty. They endow expansive, elusive concepts of loss with worthy articulation. Putting trauma theory in conversation with ordinary language philosophy illuminates how such moments become conceivable. Examples from a literary tradition that stretches from Virginia Woolf to Samuel Beckett to Lydia Davis construct a potent and a public space for this work. Literature is therefore able to create new forms of utterance from which ordinary meaning gains a purchase on the extra-ordinary.

Politeness Strategy of Direct Speech Acts in the Poto Wua Ta’a Ceremony

Politeness is very important in society as a social control during social interaction. This study aimed at analyzing the types of politeness strategy of direct speech act in the poto wua ta’a ceremony. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher used politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987) to analyze, interpret and discuss the data in a form of utterances in poto wua ta’a ceremony. The result of the study showed that the politeness strategy used were negative politeness strategy, positive politeness strategy and off record strategy. However, the dominant strategy used in the ceremony of the poto wua ta’a was negative politeness strategy such as be conventionally indirect, be pessimistic, state the face threatening acts (FTA) as a general rule, as well as minimize the imposition. Thus, the use of negative politeness strategy made the hearer to be more respected and would do something willingly without pressure from the speaker.

Code-Switching in Lecturer-Students’ Interaction in Thesis Examination

Choosing a code when interacting is one of the opportunities that a bilingual has. Code-switching is usually used by bilinguals when interacting with the other person. This study tries to find the types of code-switching and the categories of reasons for using code-switching in lecturer- students’ interactions in thesis exams. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data was in the form of utterances obtained from recorded interactions of five thesis examination sessions in the English undergraduate program at Syiah Kuala University. The data was analyzed through several processes, including transcribing, data condensation, identifying, marking, grouping, displaying data, and making inferences. The data was analyzed using the theory proposed by Stockwell and Hoffman. From the analysis, it was found that there are three types of code-switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential. Related to the categories of reasons for using code-switching, the researcher found 5 from 7 reasons to do code-switching in lecturer-students’ interaction in thesis examination. The researcher hoped that the next researcher will further analyze the code-switching that occurs in the thesis exam, not only analyzing the types of code-switching and the reasons for using code-switching, but also analyzing the other side of linguistics.

FAKTOR SOSIAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERUBAHAN BAHASA DALAM MASYARAKAT

This study discusses about language changes that exist in people's daily conversations. The language change that occurs is based on social factors, especially the social class of the society. This study describes about the language changes that exist in the surrounding community by looking at the factors and social class of the community and to describe the language chosen by the society based on the social class of the society. This research is qualitative research that has data in the form of society utterances that have changed according to the social class of the society. Data sources in this study are people who live in the environment around the writer. This research method uses the listen and note method. Researchers will identify speech that undergoes language changes based on three social classes of society, such as: upper social class, middle and lower. This study found differences in some language change use in daily conversation of the three social classes of society. The result of the study, the writer found 51 utterances that experienced about language changes based on the social class of the society, including (1) 21 utterances from the upper social class, (2) 19 utterances from the middle social class, and (3) 11 utterances from the lower social class. Keywords: language change, social factor, society