Form Of Utterances Research Articles

The Assertive Illocutionary Act of Khatib' Islam Preacher’ in Friday Sermons in Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta

This research reports on an assertive illocutionary act performed by khatib ‘Islam preacher’ in Friday sermons in Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta. This qualitative research aims to elucidate utterance's form, function, and meaning in the assertive illocutionary act of khatibs in Friday sermons at the Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta. This research scrutinized three khatibs and data on their utterance form, function, meaning and context in the Friday sermon through the pragmatic qualitative approach. The data were collected by natural observation using audio records. The results show that assertive acts represent the main performance, with 148 tokens of illocutionary acts and for 75 assertive illocution acts. The utterance forms of assertive illocutionary act found are performative and constative. It is found 21 utterance functions of assertive illocutionary act including: to state, to compare, to illustrate, to exemplify, to tell, to think, to assume, to explain, to inform, to doubt, to affirm, to judge, to criticize, to conclude, to emphasize, to remind, to analogize, to admit, to accuse, to quote, and to interpret. Every utterance function has a meaning that evokes a religious message: Islam. Suggestions are made to research the assertive illocutionary act of the religious speakers of Christian, Catholic, Hindu or Buddha in their religious sermons.

DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ANIME 'KAZE TACHINU'

This study aimed at describing the directive utterances as well as the grammatical markers of the utterances in the conversations with vertical relations in the anime entitled Kaze Tachinu. This study used Searle's (1979) theory of directive speech acts and employed a descriptive-qualitative method. It also utilized sociopragmatic approach as an additional perspective in the analysis. The result shows that various forms of directive utterances are spoken by characters who have higher social status towards the others from the lower ones. In total, there are 48 directive utterances found for both direct and indirect categories. Meirei (command) dominates with 40 utterances and is followed by irai (request) kinshi (prohibition), kanyuu (invitation) and adobaisu(advice), each of which has two utterances.

Arabic Language Environment for Islamic Boarding School Student Language Acquisition: Capturing Language Input, Interaction, and Output

This study aims to learn more about the Arabic language environment and its relationship to input, interaction and output in student language acquisition. The approach used is a qualitative approach with a case study type. Determination of informants using purposive techniques. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using the Miles, Huberman and Saldana models, namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study show that the Arabic language environment consists of a formal Environment containing classroom learning, Mhārh al-qirāʼah, mhārh al-kitābah, al-Istimāʻ wa-al-kalām, Informal Environment containing language activities outside the classroom; ilqāʼ al-mufradāt, al-muḥādathah, al-tawʻiyah al-dīnīyah, al-khaṭṭ al-ʻarabī, muhadlarah, and maḥkamat al-lughah. Related to input, interaction, and output, the Arabic language environment is concerned with formal and informal environments. The formal environment of language input in the form of structured teacher utterances originates from dialogue and language exercises, patterned language interactions between individual teachers and groups of students and interactions between groups of teachers and groups of students, while the language output is in the form of structured student utterances according to Arabic language structure patterns. While the informal environment of language input in unstructured teacher utterances originates from natural language, the language interaction in it is patterned, the interaction between individual teachers and individual students or vice versa, while the language output is in the form of student utterances obtained naturally. It should be noted that this study is limited to the aspects of the Arabic Language Environment and Language Acquisition. The findings of this study show the importance of an Arabic language environment that can enrich language input, interaction, and output in the language acquisition process.

Representation of “Sapa Nandur Ngundhuh” in the Wayang Performance of Cupu Manik Astagina by Ki Enthus Susmono

Wayang kulit not only functions as entertainment, but is also a vehicle for conveying philosophical messages. As in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play, there is a philosophical message in the form of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" or whoever plants will reap. Therefore, this study aims to explore the philosophical message of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play by Ki Enthus Susmono by representing it so that the message can be conveyed. This qualitative research uses Stuart Hall's representation theory through Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis model, namely symbolic code and action code. The data source is a video of a shadow puppet performance entitled "Pakeliran Solid Wayang Kulit Lakon Cupu Manik Astagina by Ki Enthus Susmono" on YouTube Aa Studio. The listening-note taking technique is used to collect data in the form of words and utterances obtained from ginem and janturan in the story. It is known through the symbol code and action code. The results showed that the concept of "sapa nandur ngundhuh" in the Cupu Manik Astagina puppet play does not only apply to the karma themselves, but can affect other people, including their descendants. In the story of Dewi Windradi, her actions have consequences not only for herself, but also her three children. This research also highlights how karma can be prevented from continuing to reap through some tirakat practices. Such as fasting (ngrowot), meditation and asceticism (tapa brata) which aim to cleanse themselves of past sins and minimize negative karma in the future.

Rational Value in the Identity Political Discourse of 2024 RI Presidential Candidates

In politics, discourse plays an important role as a stage for political actors to utilize language as a tool to build, reveal, or strengthen their power domination. Political discourse is a crucial element of political communication, providing a platform for political actors to utilize language to establish, reveal, or reinforce power dynamics. Repetition is a common feature in political discourse, often used by politicians to emphasize key messages and concepts. This research aims to identify and explore the various dimensions of identity politics, including social, ethnic, religious, professional, regional, gender, and cultural identities. This research will use the critical discourse analysis (AWK) method to process and analyze data. The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative. The data to be analyzed are the campaign speeches of RI 2024 presidential candidates delivered in the form of language utterances, especially focusing on grammatical relational values that reflect identity politics, obtained from YouTube social media. The data source comes from the video of the campaign speech of the 2024 RI presidential candidate uploaded on the Kompastv account on YouTube. The data collection techniques to be used include documentation, listening technique, and note-taking technique. Through the use of command sentences, the speaker gives instructions to his supporters to perform certain actions and aims to influence the listeners' behavior and actions. Meanwhile, the use of statement sentences reinforces a clear and unequivocal message regarding the social relationship between the presidential candidate and his supporters, emphasizing commitment and continuity in the relationship. In addition, the use of relational modality creates an atmosphere of hope and belief in the positive outcome of the struggle and the desired change, strengthening the emotional attachment between the speaker and his supporters.

Politeness Strategies of Romantic Conflicts in Bridgerton’s Netflix Series (2020)

Romantic conflicts can be managed with the use of politeness strategies. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the usage of politeness strategies performed by main male and female characters in Bridgerton’s Netflix Series (2020) while dealing with romantic conflicts. The aims of this present study are at identifying the types of politeness strategies employed by main male and female characters in Briedgerton’s Netflix Series (2020) and revealing politeness strategies impact romantic conflicts of main male and female characters in Bridgerton’s Netflix series (2020). In order to conduct this study, this study adapted theory of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and conflict resolution strategies as proposed by Sillars et al (1983). The method applied was a descriptive qualitative method since the data were in the forms of utterances and being identified descriptively based on the theory adapted. This recent study found that all types of politeness strategies employed by main male and female characters in Bridgerton’s Netflix series (2020) while dealing with romantic conflicts. This research revealed that there are differences regarding Simon and Daphne applying types of politeness strategies. Other than that, positive politeness is mostly employed to actualize cooperative strategy in dealing with romantic conflicts. Furthermore, in applying competitive strategy in dealing with romantic conflict, main male and female characters preferred adapting off-record. The least strategy in solving romantic conflicts used by main male and female characters is that avoidance strategy. This strategy can be done with mostly negative politeness.

TABOO AND SWEAR WORDS IN HEARTBREAK HIGH SERIES

This study aims to identify the types of taboo and swear words and analyze their realization by the main characters in the Heartbreak High Series. This study utilizes a descriptive qualitative method, extracting data from the series, in the form of utterances, dialogues, and conversations that contain taboo and swear words. The findings revealed that four types of taboo words found in the Heartbreak High series realized by the main characters: lavatory (28%), private parts of the body (11%), religion (9%), sexual activity (43%), with an additional (9%) that does not align with Swan’s theory (1995). Additionally, this study categorizes swear words in the series into two categories. First are strong swear words, and second is weak swear words. Strong swear words consist of exclamations of annoyance (17%), exclamations of surprise (8%), exclamations of unconcern (2%), insults (33%), insulting request to go away (9%), emphasize an emotion (25%), surprise question (5%) and violent refusal/rejection (1%). Weak swear words consist of exclamations of annoyance (18%), exclamations of surprise (46%), and exclamations of emotion (36%). The emotional conditions of the main characters while using the swear words are joy, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and hatred.

Bentuk Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Tokoh Dalam Novel Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 Karya Asma Nadia

This study aims to describe the forms of expressive speech acts of characters in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. This type of research is qualitative research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data needed in this study is in the form of utterances used by characters in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The source of the data in this study is the novel Heaven that is Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The technique of collecting data for this research is that the first technique used in this research is the basic technique of observing free engagement or SLBC. The second is note-taking technique. Third, taking inventory of data related to expressive speech acts in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The data validation technique in this study is the triangulation technique. The results of this study are that there are several forms of expressive speech acts in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia, namely in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia.

Speech Act Analysis of Teacher Talk in EFL Classroom

This research aimed to classify the structural forms of utterances in locutionary acts, illocutionary acts types, and the impacts of perlocutionary acts on the students in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms. This research used qualitative research to analyze the data. The subject of this research is a teacher who actively teaches in the English and Literature Department, at Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Data were collected through observation checklists in the classroom and semi-structured interview with the teacher. The results showed that based on finding by Yule’s theory, the researcher found three forms of locutionary acts used by the teacher in the teaching and learning process, such as declarative form, imperative form, and interrogative form. Second, based on Searle’s theory, the researcher found the types of illocutionary acts produced by teachers during the teaching and learning process, namely representative (explaining, informing, announcing), directive (commanding, requesting, asking, suggesting), expressive (greetings, thanking, praising), and commissive (assuring, undertaking, promising). Third, based on the utterances performed by the teacher in the EFL classroom process, the researcher found perlocutionary acts such as the students asking questions, and doing something. The research concluded that language has a function in the speech act especially for facilitating communication skills of language learning and shaping the classroom dynamic.

Gerald's Emotional State in The Last Wish

Psychology is a general concept that every human being possesses. Using Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, this study investigates the types of Psychological Aspects found in Geralt, the main character in Andrzej Sapkowski's novel "The Witcher: The Last Wish" (Id, Ego, and Superego). The researcher used the qualitative method and a case study design to achieve the research goal. The data is gathered through document analysis in the form of the main character's utterances. The researcher discovered 806 data from Geralt's utterances, with 149 data (18.48%) included the Psychological Aspects. According to the findings, 34 data were assigned to the Id (22.81%), 40 data were assigned to the Ego (26.84%), and 75 data were assigned to the Superego (50.33%). The most noticeable Psychological Aspect of Geralt's character is Superego. The superego is the component of personality acquired from one's parents, and society includes the values and morals of society learned from one's parents and others. According to the story, Geralt has been an orphan since he was a child and has survived to grow up on his own.

Depicting the politeness strategy of Tower of God’s author

Politeness strategy does not merely connect to reality between several persons but in imagination of one person as well like depicted in webtoons. This research contributes to give insight how to elaborate the politeness strategy expressed by one person, as author, in form of utterances. By using qualitative approach, the data were analyzed descriptively and concluded to get the line of politeness strategy. The results of the analysis in this study will be briefly describing 4 types of politeness strategy found in the conversations between the characters of the Tower of God season 1. Firstly, Bald on-record which consist of giving orders, making requests, giving warnings, and giving statements. Secondly, positive politeness which consist of seeking agreement and avoiding disagreements, making offers, promises, optimism, giving gifts (understanding and cooperation), showing flock loyalty, etc. Thirdly, negative politeness which consist of apologize for coercion, be indirect, pessimistic, minimize imposing, use questions, pay respects. Fourthly, off record which consist of ironic, vague and ambiguous, incomplete. Meanwhile, there are 4 functions found in Tower of God season 1.

REPAIR IN THE DIALOGUE OF FROZEN MOVIE

The title of this article is “Repair in The Dialogue of Frozen Movie”. This article aims to identify and analyze the types of repair and repair operations in the dialogue of Frozen movie. The data was taken from the dialogue in Frozen movie which was downloaded from the internet and the data are in the form of utterances. In the data collection, it used a qualitative method. This article used the theory proposed by Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks (1977) to classify the types of repairs and Schegloff (2013) to analyze the repair operations. The result of this research shows that all of the four types of repairs found in the dialogue of Frozen movie, namely self-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other-repair, other-initiated self-repair, and other-initiated other-repair. The result also shows that the repair operations found in this research, namely replacing, inserting, aborting, and recycling.

Revisiting sentence-final adjunct WHAT

Abstract The sentence-final adjunct WHAT has been given much attention for the past few years, mostly on its why-like interpretation and negative force. In this study, evidence will be provided to show that what otherwise seems to be exceptional cases, in effect, constitutes an independent construction, the refutatory WHAT construction. Although such a construction yields a strong negative force, it has the force dwell upon the interlocutor’s attitude or commitment. It is used to refute his/her previous claim in a conversation and can tolerate any utterance form. This is in sharp contrast to the why-like WHAT which is typically used to forbid actions and is restricted to action verbs. As will be revealed later, in syntax, the refutatory WHAT has to employ a component above CP, which not only helps explain the speaker’s refutatory force, but also directs our attention to a new ascending perspective zoned for both the speaker and the hearer/addressee.

Субъектная структура поэзии молодых южноуральских авторов

This article examines the features of subject organization in the poetry of young South Ural authors (R. Agliullina, E. Kolyachenko, A. Manichenko, R. Yapishina). This generation of poets entered literature during a period of active development of new information and communication technologies. The digital turn has led to a rapid increase in texts published on the Internet, as well as to the ability of young authors to rely on a wider range of literary texts than previous generations, which manifested itself in the polystylistic and polyparadigmatic nature of poetic language. The category of subjectivity in the poetry of young authors manifests itself variably. This can be desubjectivization, that is, various forms of indirect utterance, masking and polyphony of the lyrical “I”. Often the subject in the poetry of young authors is transgressive, a translator of the painful experience of interacting with the world, the experience of overcoming trauma. Important for understanding the subjective structure of the work of young poets is the term “transsubjectivity”, associated with the phenomenon of the “new epic” in modern Russian literature. For young South Ural authors, it becomes important to broadcast stories of “other” voices, stories not about themselves, but about other people, reflection of other people’s feelings, other people’s experience. Transsubjectivity is often a way of self-identification in modern poetry, an attempt to consider individual experience through the prism of someone else, a look at oneself from the outside.

Multi-Level Linguistic Alignment in a Dynamic Collaborative Problem-Solving Task.

Cocreating meaning in collaboration is challenging. Success is often determined by people's abilities to coordinate their language to converge upon shared mental representations. Here we explore one set of low-level linguistic behaviors, linguistic alignment, that both emerges from, and facilitates, outcomes of high-level convergence. Linguistic alignment captures the ways people reuse, that is, "align to," the lexical, syntactic, and semantic forms of others' utterances. Our focus is on the temporal change of multi-level linguistic alignment, as well as how alignment is related to communicative outcomes within a unique collaborative problem-solving paradigm. The primary task, situated within a virtual educational video game, requires creative thinking between three people where the paths for possible solutions are highly variable. We find that over time interactions are marked by decreasing lexical and syntactic alignment, with a trade-off of increasing semantic alignment. However, greater semantic alignment does not translate into better team performance. Overall, these findings provide greater clarity on the role of linguistic coordination within complex and dynamic collaborative problem-solvingtasks.

Learning Dayak Literature through Information Systems

This study aims to analyze old poetry (mantras) as part of learning literature during the Corona pandemic that is currently hitting Indonesia. Also, this study revitalizes culture by creating an information system application. This study used descriptive qualitative. There were 16 participants, consisting of the village community of Ranyai, cultures, traditional stakeholders, and village heads. This method provided an overview and described the research results on literary culture and an analysis of the structure of prayer/mantra in the Gawai Dayak tradition and its revitalization efforts. The results showed that the structure of the text in the form of mantra utterances was based on the analysis of syntax, rhyme, and rhythm. The context of the Gawai Dayak tradition consists of cultural, situational, social, and ideological contexts. The context of the Gawai Dayak tradition consisted of motion, proxemic, paralinguistic, and material contexts. The design of an information system on Dayak literature could help realize the revitalization of cultural traditions and teaching and learning processes in a directed, effective, and consistent manner during the Corona pandemic. The implication for further research was the opening of further research developments, such as looking for values from tradition. Learning that used information systems was also still wide open to be developed with other more complete applications and under the times.

Diphthongal phones found in the Balinese language in Tabanan Regency

The study aimed to investigate the diphthongal phones in the Balinese Language, particularly in Tabanan Regency. Phonological rules related to changes of vowel phones into diphthongal phones were uncovered and have explained factors that induce the changes. Data of this research were in the form of utterances produced by female informants in 10 sub-districts in Tabanan Regency. The data were collected through two kinds of methods, which were the interview method and the observation method. In analyzing the data, the researcher used an extra lingual matching method to analyze factors that induce the changes from vowel phones into diphthongal phones. Based on the result, these changes were induced by both linguistic and nonlinguistic factors. The linguistic factors were acoustic factors, namely frequency and duration, and phonological factors, namely diphthongization and vowel shift. Meanwhile, the nonlinguistic factor was the geographical elevation in which the participants lived.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Humour in American TV Talk Shows

This research is conducted to study the phenomenon of humour pragmatically in TV talk shows. Though humour is found in daily conversation, most people ignore how it is working in the production. The concept of humour indicates both positive (non- aggressive) and negative (aggressive) affects which may unify or divide people, but it is more preferable to take positive humour into the consideration of this research to narrow down the topic. The objectives of this research are to analyze the maxims that are violated to create humor, to describe and explain the production of humour by examining the pragmatic structure of humorous transcripts, and to explain the functions of humor created through maxims violation expressed by speakers in TV talk shows. This research is conducted by using qualitative method. The data are in the form of utterances done by speakers. The data sources of this research are selected from the videos on You Tube Channel. After being collected, the data are analyzed based on three levels: the initiation of humour and its purpose, the pragmatic strategies of humour, and

Politeness in Utterance of Pasambahan Batagak Pangulu in Minangkabau Ethnic

Language is a tool used by humans to interact and cooperate with other people. Language also strengthens the relationship between people and their culture, so that a culture can be recognized and maintained. Minangkabau culture always preserves oral traditions such as the pasambahan utterance which is a form of utterance conveyed by both parties in finding solutions or overcoming problems. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore politeness, and the data analysis method used in this research is the equivalent method with referential and transitional determinants, collecting data using observation, documentation, and interview techniques. Then, the data is analyzed by using the technique of sorting the determining element with the distinguishing power of courage. This research uses Leech's theory in finding the maxim and politeness scale. The results of this research indicate that there are politeness maxims and politeness scales in the utterance of pasambahan batagak pangulu in Minangkabau. The maxims obeyed in this speech are 42 and the politeness scale is 42. The forms of politeness maxim compliance found in the pasambahan utterance consist of 10 tact maxims, 2 maxims of generosity, 9 approbation maxims, 10 maxims of modesty, 9 maxims of agreement and 2 maxims of sympathy. The forms of politeness scale found in pasambahan utterances consist of 35 cost-benefit, 10 optional, and 7 indirectness.

Pause toward Nassie Judge’ Speech on Nassie Judge’ Youtube

Pause is one of the speech impediments that anyone can experience. This study aims to determine the forms of pause and the reasons that cause pause in Nessie Judge's speech. The data used is in the form of Nessie Judge's utterances which contain pauses. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The methods used to collect data are documentation techniques, observation methods, and note-taking techniques. The data obtained were then analyzed using the matching and distribution method. Based on the data analysis carried out, the results are in the form of two forms of pause, namely silent pause and filled pause. The reasons that caused Nessie Judge to experience pause, namely forgetting, attracting attention, looking for the right words, giving time to understand the utterances, taking a breath, already starting the utterances, and being careful when speaking.