Form Of Tables Research Articles

Framework for assessing the smart buildings intelligence degree

Assessing the intelligence degree of smart buildings is a complex challenge that has aroused researchers’ interest. In the researched literature, many indicators and factors used to assess building intelligence are generic and give rise to different interpretations. Furthermore, few studies establish criteria for measuring indicators, most of which are difficult to measure. Aiming to contribute to filling this gap, we proposed a framework for evaluating the intelligence degree of smart buildings and their systems, formed by indicators identified from extensive and detailed bibliographical research, which meets the premises of being easy to use, reducing the complexity of the evaluation process and enable a single interpretation by evaluators. The framework was organized by considering 91 indicators grouped into 11 sets relating to smart building systems, and it allows for the evaluation of the intelligence degree of four types of buildings: commercial, corporate, office, and apartment. We also propose a way to operate the framework through an electronic spreadsheet, mainly because electronic spreadsheets are commonly used and because the framework’s table format was easily translatable into an electronic spreadsheet. The results showed that all indicators were assessed as relevant, corroborating the view of the researchers who published on the topic. Also, the indicators were considered most relevant for commercial buildings, followed by corporate buildings, office buildings, and apartment buildings. They also show that the respondents considered the instrument adequate.

Differentiation and Integration of Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement.

Substantial discrepancies exist in how research, evidence-based practice (EBP), and quality improvement (QI) are taught to nursing students across academic levels. As nursing education programs adopt the new The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education and move toward competency-based education, prelicensure and advanced nursing students will need to demonstrate research, EBP, and QI competencies; therefore, faculty must possess the knowledge and skills to teach these paradigms' differences and integration. An evidence-based approach that builds on the literature and our experience as nurses and educators was used to develop this educational innovation. An innovative representation in table and figure format of the differences and interdependence of research, EBP, and QI is presented herein. These documents clarify the evolving differences, similarities, and synergies as a framework for faculty development. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX-XXX.].

Formulasi Sabun Cair Berbahan Baku Virgin Coconut Oil VCO dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Pepaya Carica Papaya L. untuk Peningkatan Aktivitas Anti Bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis ATCC 12238

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) contain antibacterial substances, namely alkaloids carpaine, flavonoids, tocophenols. Of this study was to determine the physical quality of liquid soap, increasing antibacterial activity. Papaya leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol solvent, then evaporated with a water bath. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method in concentrations of 5%, 15% and 25% and liquid soap will be made F0 0%, F1 5%, F2 10%, and F3 25% against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12238. Amoxicillin tab as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Bacterial activity appears a clear zone around the disc paper. And see the physical quality test according to the requirements. The results of the bacterial test data are made in table form, and analyzed using the SPSS method Formula with the addition of papaya leaf extract can be made and according to the physical quality conditions of liquid soap. The results of the 25% concentration extract test are an inhibition zone of 20.8 mm, the highest liquid soap formula is an inhibition zone of 23.8 mm in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12238. Liquid soap preparations and papaya leaf extract have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12238 bacteria and according to the physical quality requirements of liquid soap.

Development of computational thinking of students – future teachers by means of solving problems on the processing of structured data

The problem and the purpose. Computational thinking is one of the categories that currently assesses the quality of specialist training, including that of a future teacher. The mentor of a digital school needs computational thinking skills for the successful implementation of work functions and for determining the trajectory of his personal development. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of structured data processing tools for the development of computational thinking of future teachers. Research methods. Structured data is information organized in the form of tables and files of other formats. The research was conducted on the basis of Vyatka State University (Russian Federation). The experiment involved 330 students studying in the field of training: 44.03.05 Pedagogical studies (with two specialties). The use of structured data processing tools was purposefully carried out in the classes of the design discipline from the block “Digital technologies in education”. A set of techniques was used to determine the level of computational thinking such as “Geometric figures”, “Quantitative relations”, “Complex analogies”. For statistical processing of data, Pearson's χ2 (chi-square) criterion is used. Results. Interaction in the experimental group was implemented in stages: the study of basic tools; development of skills of graphical interpretation; the use of functions that allow analyzing and protecting the contents of structured data. The features of the proposed information interaction are: students with different educational paths are involved; the technology of reasoned discourse is applied at every stage. Statistically significant differences were revealed in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system (χ2 = 7.024; p < 0.05). Conclusion. The tasks on the processing of structured data that maximize the development of computational thinking are formulated: conditional formatting; establishing links between the source data and the result; automatic recalculation of the result; filtering, sorting, etc. The difficulties that complicate the use of the proposed innovations are defined: how to state a task and to adapt it to the specifics of the field of training; how to organize a reasoned discourse.

The Influence Of Job Evaluation On The Wage Bill In Public Sector Organizations

Public service is the main driver of growth for most developing countries. It is a key component because it facilitates the delivery of services to the citizens. However, despite the efforts to grow the economy and deliver quality services, there are challenges with the costs associated with ever-increasing public sector wages. Although a well-paid public sector could be more efficient, the wage bill should be maintained at fiscally sustainable levels to enable the achievement of development goals. Kenya like other developing countries has been grappling with the management of costs associated with wages in the public sector, which were growing at an alarming rate. This is mainly because of the large number of employees, arbitrary determination of wages and implementation of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. This study will seek to examine the influence of human resource strategies for managing the public sector wage bill in Kilifi County, Kenya. The study will particularly focus on human resource strategies such as job evaluation, total rewards, and performance-related pay and their influence on the management of the public sector wage bill in public sector organizations within Kilifi County. These public sector organizations are expected to be implementing these strategies although the degree of implementation may be varying. The study will, therefore, seek to find out the extent to which their application influences the management of the wage bill costs to a manageable level. The study will also examine the theories associated with wage management. The theories of equity, efficiency wage, and public sector motivation will be examined to determine their influence on the management of wages in the public sector. Questionnaires will be developed and self-administered to the human resource management professionals in the public sector organizations. This will enable the Researcher to capture perceptions of the application of these strategies in their organizations. Their in-depth understanding of the human resource strategies being studied will be useful to the study. The study design will be a survey of the 52 government organizations within Kilifi County thus the target population for the survey will be a census of the 52 public sector organizations. The sampling method applied will be purposive thus the HR professionals will be the respondents. The data collected will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) which will be used to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The findings of the study will be presented in the form of tables, charts and statistical measures such as an analysis of variance

Mediating Effect Of Employee Wellbeing On The Relationship Between Recruitment And Selection Practices And Employee Commitment Of National Police Service In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Low employee commitment has been a prevalent issue within the National Police Service (NPS), often leading to negative consequences such as low morale, poor service delivery, and public distrust. Therefore, this study sought to determine the mediating effect of employee wellbeing on the relationship between recruitment and selection on employee commitment of National Police Service in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Ability motivation opportunity theory. This study adopted explanatory research design. The sample size of 328 for this study was calculated based on Yamane’s formula. The researcher used a questionnaire as research instrument. A pilot study was conducted in national police service in Nandi County. Quantitative data collected using the questionnaires for all the objectives were analysed using descriptive statistics that is frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential analysis was carried through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Analyzed data were presented in form of tables and charts. The study findings revealed that the effect of recruitment and selection practices on employee commitment through employee wellbeing is 0.3041, indicating that for every standard deviation increase in recruitment and selection practices. The study concluded that improving recruitment and selection practices can lead to higher levels of employee wellbeing, which in turn can enhance employee commitment. The study recommended that organizations should focus on improving recruitment and selection practices to enhance employee wellbeing and ultimately increase employee commitment.

STAGES OF TEACHING ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Mathematical statistics is one of the branches of mathematics, which is dedicated to the mathematical methods of organizing, processing and using statistical data for the purpose of scientific and practical conclusions. In practice, the methods of mathematical statistics are used in cases when it is necessary to examine a large amount of data according to a certain characteristic. Mathematical statistics is of great application importance in various spheres of human activity, so the study of the elements of this branch of mathematics is more than up-to-date. In order to study the elements of statistics at school, it is necessary to develop the following abilities among students: carry out simple surveys, collect quantitative data, and present them in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams. These abilities are suitable not only for the study of mathematics, but also for the study of other academic subjects, as well as in certain life situations. One of the main ideas fixed in the standard of the subject “Mathematics” is the analysis and interpretation of data, and its sub-idea is statistics, the study of which will be carried out in all three levels of education. The article presents the stages of learning the elements of mathematical statistics in elementary school, supported by many examples. All of this creates fertile ground for continued teaching of the elements of statistics in middle and high school.

Combining Servqual and Kano: Justification for Best Action and Its Selection Process

This study aims to enhance the existing literature on the integration of Servqual and Kano concepts by providing a comprehensive justification for recommending improvement actions to service attributes. By utilizing a theoretical service model that considers factors previously overlooked, such as the impact on revenue and cost, performance variability, diminishing marginal utility in consumption, and diminishing marginal product of resources, this study offers propositions and proofs for the best actions in each paired category of service attributes within the combined Servqual and Kano assessments. The findings are presented in the form of an evaluation table, which links each paired category of attribute with its respective optimal action. Importantly, this study introduces novel perspectives on the definition of the best action and the basis for its selection. Unlike previous works that solely focus on customer satisfaction, this research defines the best action from the perspective of the service provider whose primary goal is to maximize profit. The proposed procedure for determining the best action obtained in this study is more justifiable, as it relies less on the ambiguous process of correctly identifying the final categories of attributes in both models. To illustrate the new integration process, an example based on simulated data is also provided. Overall, this study contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive and justified approach to improving service attributes through the integration of Servqual and Kano concepts.

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of oral diseases.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein synthesis, transport, and folding, as well as calcium storage, lipid and steroid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen due to increased protein secretion or impaired folding. While the role of ERS in disease pathogenesis has been widely studied, most research has focused on extraoral diseases, leaving the role of ERS in intraoral diseases unclear. This review examines the role of ERS in oral diseases and oral fibrosis pathogenesis. A systematic search of literature through July 2023 was conducted in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) using specific terms related to ERS, oral diseases, and fibrosis. The findings were summarized in both table and narrative form. Emerging evidence indicates that ERS significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of oral diseases and fibrosis. ERS-induced dysregulation of protein folding and the unfolded protein response can lead to cellular dysfunction and inflammation in oral tissues. Understanding the relationship between ERS and oral disease pathogenesis could offer new therapeutic targets for managing oral health and fibrosis-related complications.

Analysis of Conflict Faced by the Main Character in “Spiderman No Way Home” Movie

This research is entitled “The Analysis of Conflict Faced By The Main Character In “Spiderman No Way Home” Movie”. This study aims to find out the types of conflict in Spiderman No Way Home movie and to analyze the conflict management strategies are used by the main character in Spiderman No Way Home movie. In collecting data, this study applied observation method. The method used in analysing the data is a descriptive qualitative method. The writer analysed the data based on the theory types of conflict and conflict management strategies by Kenney (1966). In presenting the findings, formal and informal methods are used. The formal method is used by presenting the data in the form of table to present research findings on the type of conflicts the main character faces, and the informal method is used by explaining the data using description or sentence as well as in the form of text to describe how the main character manages to settle the conflict in the movie through a narrative form. The results showed that the main character of “Spiderman: No Way Home” movie faced two types of conflicts, which were internal conflict and external conflict. The external conflict dominated the data result, with 87.5% over 12.5%. The external conflict happened between the main character with other characters, also with the society. Meanwhile, the internal conflict occurred inside the main character, which was Peter Parker. An analysis of the way the main character manages the conflict was found in “Spiderman: No Way Home” movie, they were compromise, pacification, and competition. Based on the analysis result using Kenney theory (1966), the most strategy found in the movie was competition. It took 90% of the strategy result.

Evaluation of The Studies on Unmanned Aircraft System Safety Management Systems with Bibliometric Analysis

UAV operations and their literature are developing rapidly. Along with the increasing number of risky situations, new technologies and measures are being developed to eliminate the unsafe situations created by them. Increasing UAVs have potential to lead to unsafe situations in airspace with incident and accident background. In addition to all other studies related to UAVs, studies on safety management systems, as well as other topics related to the safety management system, need to increase. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of the studies on UAVs between the years 2003-2022 was conducted from the perspective of safety management. For this purpose, the publications found in the Dimensions database were examined. Those publications related to UAVs were filtered according to certain criteria such as year, author, country, institution, and a sample was formed with 741 publications by using bibliometric analysis method. VOSViewer application was used for bibliometric analysis and the achieved data were visualized in the form of tables, graphics and visual maps. The findings show that the vast majority of publications on keywords were published in 2021. The most cited publication was written by Colomina and Molina in 2014. Most of the publications came up from the United States of America in total where 86 studies were conducted. The most cited organization is the University of Florida. In the cluster work, the words of remote sensing, sensor, and drones appear frequently.

Analysis Of The Uninhabitable House Social Rehabilitation Program At The Department Of Public Housing Settlement Areas And Land Affairs Surabaya

The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Uninhabitable House Program at the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs of Surabaya regarding the issue of uneven distribution of program beneficiaries. This study was conducted using qualitative methods and a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through interviews with information sources and documentation in the form of graphs and tables managed by the researchers. The research location is at the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs of Surabaya. The benefits provided by this research include giving the public insight into the implementation of the program by the responsible department and identifying the main problems and obstacles related to the Uninhabitable House Program in Surabaya. The results of the research indicate that the uneven distribution is due to community leaders who conduct the screening or selection of program beneficiaries not adequately assessing the eligibility for house repairs. Additionally, the program implementation team from the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs faces challenges in the field. These challenges include issues with beneficiaries who have land disputes or whose land ownership is still under family status. Such problems stem from the beneficiaries themselves, related to land status or personal issues with family members. The researchers recommend closer cooperation between stakeholders, increased socialization from both the DPHSALA and community leaders, and the resolution of individual issues for Beneficiaries.

Assessment of Knowledge Management Strategies on the Performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute

Purpose: The study assessed knowledge management strategies on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. The study objectives were to determine how knowledge acquisition, sharing, storage and expertise (Technology) influenced the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. Methodology: Since the study involved gathering of quantitative and qualitative data, it adopted mixed method approach. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, this was due to the prediction of knowledge management strategies and the performance Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, in the analysis of different trends, and the formulation of hypotheses that directs future actions. The target population was 168 employees from the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. The researcher sampled 118 respondents using Yamane formula (2007) formula, by doing so, the chance of bias in participant selection was reduced and the sample was guaranteed to be representative of the whole population. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of means, percentages, and frequencies with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences v25 (SPSS V25) software. Findings: Results were displayed in form of pie chart and tables from which inferences and conclusions were drawn. The findings of the study revealed that knowledge sharing had the most significant influence on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute while knowledge acquisition had the least influence. The research finally concluded that knowledge management strategies had a significant effect on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study will serve as a resource for researchers and academicians pursuing related research thus contributing to the body of knowledge. The study will be helpful to KMFRI management as it will provide documentation of the strategic leadership role in the implementation of knowledge management strategies thus contributing to identification of areas in which its strategic leadership needs to be strengthened in order to perform better. This study is vibrant in the creation of policies. Policy makers and implementers in the public sector can find this study useful for understanding the stages and analytical processes involved in developing and putting into practice knowledge management plans. In order to ensure that the strategic direction is accomplished and performance is improved, it will enlighten areas that need to be clarified and redefined. Significant contribution to the society will be through generating new knowledge in particular through challenging existing theories and ideas.

Difference In The Quality Of Storage Power And Randang Lokan Hedonic Test

This research is motivated by local food innovations that are processed using lokan basic ingredients from the South Coast and West Pasaman. The difference in the origin of the lokan area used will produce the resulting physical, chemical and sensory characteristics. This can affect a person's storage capacity and likability level. This study aims to analyze the shelf life and describe a person's preference for lokan randang by using the origin of different lokan areas. This type of research is a mixed method using qualitative methods for storage capacity and quantitative methods for hedonic tests of randang lokan. The data collection technique in this study is using observation and questionnaires. The data obtained using the t-test method, the results of the questionnaire were tabulated in the form of tables and level tests to find out the comparison of a person's level of preference for different randang lokan. The results show .

Organoleptic Test Analysis of Pie Crust Using Rub-In and Blending Method

This research was motivated by the discovery of different methods for making pies so it needed to be tested to see the quality produced using the rub-ib and blending methods. The aim of the research was to determine the comparison of pie crust quality using the rub-in and blending methods. This type of research is pure experiment using the Independent Sample T-test method. The research was carried out by providing an organoleptic test format to the panelists. The data obtained is then tabulated in table form and a level test is carried out on each variable X1 and X2 to find out whether there is a quality comparison for these variables. The results of the research show that there is no significant influence on the quality of the shape, color, aroma, texture and taste of the pie crust, for the quality of the shape (neat) it has an average value of X1 (2.77) and X2 (3.78), quality shape (uniform) X1 (4.00) and has an average of X1 (3.67) and X2 (3.78), while the average value for texture quality (dry) has an average of (crispy) has an average value of X1 (4.00) and X2 (3.67), finally for taste quality (savory) has an average value of X1 (4.00) and X1 (4.00).

Species of the Genus Paroniella Fuhrmann, 1920 (Cestoda: Davaineidae) from Bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae): Redescription of P. perreti (Mahon, 1954) and Description of P. neolestes n. sp. from Africa.

The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the knowledge on the diversity of cestodes of the genus Paroniella Fuhrmann, 1920 parasitising passerine birds of the family Pycnonotidae (bulbuls) in the Afrotropical Region. The only known species of this groups, Paroniella perreti (Mahon, 1954) from Pycnonotus tricolor (Hartlaub) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is poorly described. Therefore, it needed a detailed redescription in order to make a reliable comparison and provide differentiation among this species and newly-collected davaineid specimens. Based on new materials collected from Neolestes torquatus Cabanis in Gabon, Paroniella neolestes n. sp. is described. The type series of P. perreti from the collection of the Natural History Museum of Geneva is redescribed and figured using conventional light microscopy and interference-contrast microscopy. The specimens of the new species were stained by iron acetocarmine and mounted in Canada balsam. The present study provided more detailed and accurate data on P. perreti (compared to its original description) in relation mostly to the armament of suckers (not mentioned in the original description), the structure of the copulative apparatus, the number of rostellar hooks and the number of testes. The morphological comparison of the specimens from Neolestes torquatus from Gabon with the known 53 species of the genus Paroniella (presented in a table format) characterised them as belonging to a new species. The new combination Paroniella oitaensis (Kugi, 1990) n. comb. was proposed. Based on the present state of knowledge, P. perreti and P. neolestes seem to be specific each to a single host species, i.e. Pycnonotus tricolor and Neolestes torquatus, respectively. Further studies of davaineid cestodes from pycnonotids from Africa as well as from South and Southeast Asia may result in discovering much greater diversity of this group than currently known.

Thermal radiation effect in electroosmosis regulated peristalsis transport of Williamson hybrid nanofluid via an asymmetric tapered channel

AbstractElectroosmosis effects in a peristaltic transport of nanofluids are significant for developing the biomimetic pumping structure at a microscopic extent in physiological medications, for instance, ocular drug delivery systems. The present article addresses the numerical assessment of a peristaltically driven electro‐osmotic flow of a Williamson hybrid nanofluid. The flow is intended to be two‐dimensional, incompressible, unsteady, and subjected to an asymmetric tapered micro‐channel. The characteristics of hybrid nanofluid, which consists of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) as nanoparticles with base fluid‐blood, are explored in a relative manner with regular nanofluid Ag‐blood. Further, the study includes the impact of linear thermal radiation, energy dissipation through viscosity and resistance phenomena with an externally applied consistent magnetic field. The mathematical model is simplified using dimensionless similarity transformations and numerically solved via MATLAB software. Variations in momentum, thermal energy, and entropy generation against various emerging physical parameters are deliberated through graphical results. Longitudinal velocity towards the center line and heat transfer rate is also analyzed through numerical data illustrated in table form. This study introduces a novel mathematical model for the peristaltically driven electroosmosis flow of Ag‐Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid in a tapered asymmetric microchannel, incorporating external electric and magnetic field effects.

The Addition Of Jicama Flour On The Quality Of Shape, Color, Aroma, Texture And Taste In Muffins

Muffins are a type of bread without yeast that are made in personal sizes and can be eaten in just a few bites. Muffins that are generally developed at this time are classified as quick bread because they use chemical raising agents that can react quickly as a substitute for yeast which is a biological raising agent that reacts more slowly. In this research, the main ingredients in making muffins are wheat flour, sugar, eggs, fat, baking powder and liquid. Jicama flour is flour that comes from jicama tubers that are dried, ground, then sifted to become flour. Currently, there are many innovations in muffin recipes both in terms of taste and raw materials for making them. The city of Padang is the area that produces the most jicama in West Sumatra, but it is still limited in terms of processing because jicama is usually only consumed fresh. Thus, to optimize the processing, especially for jicama fruit which is no longer attractive to sell because the skin color has started to turn black, the author wants to use it by processing it into flour which will be substituted in muffins. This research aims to analyze the effect of 15%, 30% and 45% substitution of jicama flour on the quality of shape, color, aroma, texture and taste of the muffins produced. The type of research used in this research is pure experiment (True Experiment) with organoleptic tests. The research was carried out 3 times with 4 treatments each and tested on 3 expert panelists. Then the data obtained was tabulated in table form and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. If they differed, they were tested using the Duncan Multi Ranges Test (DMRT). Then data analysis is carried out, if the data obtained by Fcount is greater than Ftable then proceed with the Duncan test. Muffins with jicama flour substitution had the best results at 15% treatment (X1).

Abreviasi dalam Berita Utama Surat Kabar Harian Singgalang Periode Juli-Desember 2023

This study aims to find and describe the types and processes of forming abbreviations contained in the headlines of the Singgalang newspaper for the period July-December 2023. This study is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive method. The data for this study were randomly selected that met the requirements as abbreviations in the uploads from June 2023 to December 2023. The source of this research data is from the uploads of the Singgalang newspaper on the website www. Harian Singgalang.co.id. The methods and techniques for collecting data in this study are to carry out several stages, first, a literature study is used to obtain references to support the research. Second, data search or observation on the uploads of the Harian Singgalang newspaper. Third, collect all data in table form. The data validation technique for this study is the triangulation technique. Based on the research data found, the results of this study are as follows. First, the data obtained based on the research conducted in the headlines of the Singgalang daily newspaper contains data in the form of types of abbreviations and the process of forming abbreviations. In total, there are 95 data in the Singgalang newspaper which are abbreviations. Based on the type, the abbreviations consist of 59 abbreviation data in the form of abbreviations, 7 abbreviation data in the form of excerpts, 8 abbreviation data in the form of acronyms, 17 abbreviation data in the form of contractions, and 4 data in the form of letter symbols. Furthermore, the process of forming the abbreviations found in the headlines of the Singgalang newspaper for the period July-December 2023 is 95 data. with details, 61 data in the form of letter preservation, 8 data in the form of word preservation, 8 data in the form of letter and number preservation, 14 data in the form of letter and syllable preservation, and 2 data in the form of syllable and word preservation.

ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL NUMERACY SKILLS ON LINE AND ANGLE MATERIAL IN CLASS VII IN TERMS OF EXTROVERTED INTROVERTED AND AMBIVERT PERSONALITIES

This research aims to analyze the mathematical numeracy abilities of class VII students with introverted, extroverted and ambivert personalities at SMP Negeri 2 Semarang. The method used was descriptive qualitative with research subjects consisting of 34 students, one student was selected from each personality category based on a questionnaire with 70 question items. The results of the questionnaire showed AAE (introvert), LPA (extrovert), and JRA (ambivert) students as research subjects. Mathematical numeracy ability tests and interviews were carried out to test the validity of the test results through technical triangulation. Indicators of mathematical numeracy abilities include the use of mathematical numbers and symbols, analysis of information in the form of tables, graphs and charts, as well as interpretation of analysis results for decision making. The results showed that introvert and ambivert students met all indicators of numeracy ability, while extrovert students did not. Introvert students can solve problems well, extrovert students tend to be in a hurry and lack details, while ambivert students show quite good results but there are still some answers that are less detailed. This research concludes that mathematical numeracy abilities vary based on student personality.