Speech Information Research Articles

Tindak Tutur Direktif di Balik Ucapan Tokoh Penderita Autis dalam Novel Selenophile

This research is a descriptive qualitative research that aims to determine the form of directive speech acts behind the speech of autistic characters in Selenophile novels by Tisa TS and Agie Hatami. The data in this research is the dialogue of autistic characters in Selenophile novels, and the data source is Selenophile novels by Tisa TS and Agie Hatami. The data were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model which consists of several steps, namely: Data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study focus on directive speech acts seen from the aspect of form. Based on the speech of autistic characters, six forms of directive speech acts were found, namely orders, requests, invitations, advice, criticism and prohibitions.

THE PHENOMENON OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE SUNDANESE NOVEL ISTRI-ISTRI NU DIPIHORMAT BY MEMEN DURACHMAN

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the context of speech and speech acts to avoid misunderstanding in understanding speech. The source of the research data is the Sundanese novel Wife-wife nu Dipihormat by Memen Durachman because Sundanese novels have many messages about life and are one of the efforts to preserve the Sundanese language. The purpose of this research is to find out the speech acts in the dialogue of Memen Durachman's novel Wife-Wife nu Dipihormat through Austin's theory. The method used is the descriptive analytical method using data collection techniques in the form of literature review and data analysis. The results of the study show that of the 385 dialogues in the novel, the forms of speech acts found in this novel are locations with a total of 202 utterances, illocutionary acts with a total of 193 utterances, and perlocutions with a total of 228 utterances. The results of this study can be used as an alternative in paguneman learning that is by KIKD, so that it can be an effort to preserve Sundanese.

PHONETIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH DIALECTS

The article examines the term dialect is often used in the sense of regional, local or geographic varieties of a language mainly used in oral speech. A language belongs to a nation or nations, as English does, therefore it is a social phenomenon, understandable by all its members. A language is not a complex combination of individual speech forms. The phonetic and phonological features of a language dialect relationship, natural bilingualism and also some types of speech communities classified by their social characteristics are studiedin a new branch of phonetics, namely social phonetics. Idiolects and dialect speakers are identifiable by their sounds, tone or melody, words and also by expressions and constructions by their phonetics, grammatical, lexical and stylistic features. The distinction between language and dialect is based on the criterion of functional approach.

Teraźniejszość manifestów. Strategie i obszary działania

The article is an attempt to trace and comment on the recent turn toward the manifesto as a genre that continues to be effective for emancipatory and artistic gestures. The author, drawing on Julian Hanna’s „The Manifesto Handbook” (2019), briefly reconstructs the origins of the manifesto: first, as a political form of authoritarian speech that was subversively abandoned during the 19th-century rise of democratic ideas in France; second, as an artistic tool, pioneered by Filippo Marinetti, for proclaiming art’s contemporary desires for social transformation. Inspired by Hanna’s periodization of the three waves of manifesto existence, the author of the article considers 2008 as the moment of renewed interest in the meaning of manifestos. The essential analysis develops around selected examples of manifestos of the 21st century, both artistic and scholarly (from the field of humanities). Key-words: artistic manifesto, performative statements, Krzysztof Wodiczko, Artur Żmijewski, Rita Felski

Tindak Tutur Ekspresif dalam Komentar Youtube kanal Nihongo Mantappu episode “AKHIRNYA LULUS KULIAH! WISUDA WASEDA UNIVERSITY”

A study on expressive speech acts in YouTube channel comments can provide valuable insights into various aspects of online interactions, such as community formation, negotiation of meaning, and expression of identity. The objective of this study is to describe the different forms and functions of expressive speech acts in the comments section of the YouTube video entitled "AKHIRNYA LULUS WISUDA! WISUDA WASEDA UNIVERSITY" on the Nihongo Mantappu channel. This video was posted in April 2022. The study employed a qualitative research design with a pragmatic approach to analyze the comments and identify the different expressive speech acts utilized by netizens. Three primary forms of expressive speech acts were identified in the comment section of Nihongo Mantappu's YouTube account: praising or expressing admiration, offering congratulations, and expressing gratitude towards others for their contributions. Overall, the study concluded that expressive speech acts play a significant role in online interactions and contribute to the formation of virtual communities.

Post-Truth Politics: An Analysis of News Channel’s Coverage of Political Leaders’ Speeches in Public Processions in Pakistan

This study attempts to find out the symptoms of post-truth political culture — politics of emotions rather than rational political debate — in the context of Pakistan. The data in the form of political speeches of politicians from March to July 2022 was taken from Youtube. Political speeches of leaders of four main political parties of Pakistan were analyzed: Imran Khan from Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Maryam Nawaz from Pakistan Muslim league (PML-N), Bilawal Bhutto Zardari from Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and Maulana Fazal Ur Rehman from Jamiat-Ulema-Islami (JUI-F). Using the quantitative content analysis method, the content of 26 speeches, consisting of almost 854 minutes, was broken down into nine categories: policy, facts, false statements, religion, party, promises, performance, public issues, and opposition. Agenda setting theory laid the theoretical approach to observe post-truth dilemmas in political speeches in the public processions. The observed categories were compared across all politicians descriptively: the speeches had 2% facts; 4% false statements; 5% discussion on policy making; 41% arguments attacking the opponent political party; 12% religious references; 12% promises; 10% arguments were about the leader’s own political party; 5% were based on their past performance; whilst, only 9% addressed the public issues.

Speech Acts on Instagram comments about G20 Indonesia

Speech acts in someone's comments show a person's perception, interpretation and attitude towards something they read. This research aims to reveal the reading position in the comments of 3 posts on Instagram @indonesia.g20. The focus of this research is to describe the forms of comment speech acts on Instagram and show the reading position. The data source for this research has been the Instagram account @indonesia.g20 as the official Instagram account for the 2022 Indonesian G20 Presidency. This research method uses a mixed method. Comment data was analyzed using a speech act analysis framework and a reading position analysis framework. Quantitatively this research found 37 comments which included comments with 22% assertive speech act, 32% directive speech act, and 46% expressive speech acts. Meanwhile, reading positions based on performative speech acts include hegemonic reading position 62%, negotiated reading position 27%, and oppositional reading position 11%. Qualitatively it can be concluded that the comments on the 3 Instagram posts are positive comments in the form of expressive speech acts. This means that these commentators tend to like and support the implementation of the 2022 G20 Indonesia presidency on Instagram.

THE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN ENGLISH CONVERSATION AT PONDOK PESANTREN FADHLUL FADHLAN SEMARANG DUE TO THE ADDITION OF JAVANESE PARTICLES

This research aimed to describe (1) the form and function of Javanese particles in English conversations; and explained the factors behind the occurrence of language interference through the addition of Javanese particles to English conversations by students at the Fadhlul Fadhlan Islamic boarding school in Semarang. This research included field research with a qualitative approach and was presented descriptively. The data for this research was in the form of oral speech from the data source of students at the Fadhlul Fadhlan Islamic Boarding School when they were in the Islamic boarding school environment. The data collection technique method used non-participant observation by observing students' conversations and then taking notes and structured interviews with 27 students. The data analysis technique method used three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The interference theory by weinrich is to identify the interference phenomena. The results of this research showed that there were two types of Javanese particles added by students in English conversations, namely the single Javanese particles and the combination of Javanese particles. The second result was there were two forms of interference were found, namely grammatical interference and lexical interference. Third, the factors that caused interference through the addition of particles were internal factors in the form of bilingualism, lack of mastery of English grammar and vocabulary, and being carried away by mother tongue habits. Furthermore, external factors were the environment, facilitating communication between students, situations, and conditions

A survey on multi-lingual offensive language detection.

The prevalence of offensive content on online communication and social media platforms is growing more and more common, which makes its detection difficult, especially in multilingual settings. The term "Offensive Language" encompasses a wide range of expressions, including various forms of hate speech and aggressive content. Therefore, exploring multilingual offensive content, that goes beyond a single language, focus and represents more linguistic diversities and cultural factors. By exploring multilingual offensive content, we can broaden our understanding and effectively combat the widespread global impact of offensive language. This survey examines the existing state of multilingual offensive language detection, including a comprehensive analysis on previous multilingual approaches, and existing datasets, as well as provides resources in the field. We also explore the related community challenges on this task, which include technical, cultural, and linguistic ones, as well as their limitations. Furthermore, in this survey we propose several potential future directions toward more efficient solutions for multilingual offensive language detection, enabling safer digital communication environment worldwide.

Psycholinguistic analysis of speech processing under pathophysiological (traumatic) stress factor

The article presents the analysis results of spontaneous speech under pathophysiological traumatic stress factor. Traumatic stress is an acute reaction to pathophysiological factor affecting the psychoemotional sphere and characterised by changes in behaviour patterns including speech. The purpose of this study is the auditory analysis of speech, which demonstrates changes of formal characteristics at the tempo level, rhythm and mistakes under emotional intensity. The subject of the study is the formal speech characteristics of patients with various injuries under natural conditions of pathophysiological acute stress. Systemic principles of the speech analysis are based on an interdisciplinary approach and includes determination of the personality psychological type and the mental status of each subject at the time of patient examination to diagnose the state of emotional intensity. Interdisciplinary psycholinguistic analysis allows assessing emotional and psychophysiological state of patients and is a basis for psychocorrectional work with patients in a state of pathophysiological stress and for treatment taking into account their mental status.

Improvising Kanak Sprak: Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Freestyle Forms and the Politics of Belonging

Public discourse often excludes the erroneous speech of migratory subjects, thus foreclosing social and political rapprochement. This paper argues that the position outside of pregiven, linguistic norms provides migratory speech with an improvisatory quality that can serve as a catalyst for community formation. Simulating freestyle forms in writing, Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Kanak Sprak seeks to find a new language for the critique of xenophobia and to establish belonging based on precarious conditions. In a close reading of Fikret’s monologue “Pity is that true vitamin,” I show how improvisation disrupts established discourses and transforms the meaning of conventional hate speech tropes to forge transethnic alliances. The paper then turns to the subsequent volume Koppstoff and problematizes the commodification of Kanak speech in neoliberal pop culture. Çağıl’s monologue “If you’re smart, you take our side” hints at a different understanding of improvisation that reframes the relation between mainstream society and its others. Drawing on critical improvisation studies, the paper contributes to the understanding of linguistic interventions into social orders that determine who can say what, in which speech form, and according to which norms of belonging.

Improvising Kanak Sprak: Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Freestyle Forms and the Politics of Belonging

Public discourse often excludes the erroneous speech of migratory subjects, thus foreclosing social and political rapprochement. This paper argues that the position outside of pregiven, linguistic norms provides migratory speech with an improvisatory quality that can serve as a catalyst for community formation. Simulating freestyle forms in writing, Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Kanak Sprak seeks to find a new language for the critique of xenophobia and to establish belonging based on precarious conditions. In a close reading of Fikret’s monologue “Pity is that true vitamin,” I show how improvisation disrupts established discourses and transforms the meaning of conventional hate speech tropes to forge transethnic alliances. The paper then turns to the subsequent volume Koppstoff and problematizes the commodification of Kanak speech in neoliberal pop culture. Çağıl’s monologue “If you’re smart, you take our side” hints at a different understanding of improvisation that reframes the relation between mainstream society and its others. Drawing on critical improvisation studies, the paper contributes to the understanding of linguistic interventions into social orders that determine who can say what, in which speech form, and according to which norms of belonging.

Elite Speech about Climate Change: Analysis of Sentiment from the United Nations Conference of Parties, 1995–2021

The Conference of Parties (COP) is the longest running forum for international discussion of climate change and offers rich data in the form of speeches. Studying how elites have historically communicated about climate change can help us understand their approaches to address climate change. In this study, we analyzed 2493 COP statements from 1995 to 2021 to describe how sentiment is used, and to see whether specific issues associated with climate policy (adaptation, mitigation, financing, development, disasters) are discussed in particular sentiment contexts. Quantitative analysis (sentiment analysis with multi-level modelling) revealed that leaders expressed high levels of positive sentiment in these diplomatic statements, but also some negative sentiment. Over time, representatives at COP used more positive, angry, and fearful sentiments in speeches. Representatives of wealthier and more developed countries expressed themselves differently than those from less wealthy and developing countries. To examine sentiment surrounding policy issues we used embedding regression. Countries expressed different sentiments about adaptation, mitigation, and development depending on their development status, and about disasters depending on their wealth. Shifts in sentiment over time were observed when results were plotted graphically, and these shifts may be related to specific events and agreements. Using these two approaches, we highlight how those with the power to make top-down changes to address climate change have historically talked about this issue.

A Mixed-Rate Strategy on a Bilaterally-Synchronized Cochlear Implant Processor Offering the Opportunity to Provide Both Speech Understanding and Interaural Time Difference Cues.

Background/Objective: Bilaterally implanted cochlear implant (CI) users do not consistently have access to interaural time differences (ITDs). ITDs are crucial for restoring the ability to localize sounds and understand speech in noisy environments. Lack of access to ITDs is partly due to lack of communication between clinical processors across the ears and partly because processors must use relatively high rates of stimulation to encode envelope information. Speech understanding is best at higher stimulation rates, but sensitivity to ITDs in the timing of pulses is best at low stimulation rates. Methods: We implemented a practical "mixed rate" strategy that encodes ITD information using a low stimulation rate on some channels and speech information using high rates on the remaining channels. The strategy was tested using a bilaterally synchronized research processor, the CCi-MOBILE. Nine bilaterally implanted CI users were tested on speech understanding and were asked to judge the location of a sound based on ITDs encoded using this strategy. Results: Performance was similar in both tasks between the control strategy and the new strategy. Conclusions: We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the sound coding strategy and provide guidelines for utilizing synchronized processors for developing strategies.

Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Robust Target Speech Extraction

Speech signals are inherently complex as they encompass both global acoustic characteristics and local semantic information. However, in the task of target speech extraction, certain elements of global and local semantic information in the reference speech, which are irrelevant to speaker identity, can lead to speaker confusion within the speech extraction network. To overcome this challenge, we propose a self-supervised disentangled representation learning method. Our approach tackles this issue through a two-phase process, utilizing a reference speech encoding network and a global information disentanglement network to gradually disentangle the speaker identity information from other irrelevant factors. We exclusively employ the disentangled speaker identity information to guide the speech extraction network. Moreover, we introduce the adaptive modulation Transformer to ensure that the acoustic representation of the mixed signal remains undisturbed by the speaker embeddings. This component incorporates speaker embeddings as conditional information, facilitating natural and efficient guidance for the speech extraction network. Experimental results substantiate the effectiveness of our meticulously crafted approach, showcasing a substantial reduction in the likelihood of speaker confusion.

Analisis bentuk tindak tutur direktif dalam film air mata di ujung sajadah

This research aims to describe the form and function of directive speech acts in the film "Air Mata Di Ujung Sajadah". This study used descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is directive speech acts. The data source for this research is conversation activities between characters in the film "Air Mata Di Ujung Sajadah". The research instrument used in this research was the researcher himself. The data collection technique in this research is the Cakap Free Involvement Listening (SBLC) method. The results of research regarding the form of directive speech acts and their function in the film "Air Mata Di Ujung Sajadah" produced 18 data. Each speech act is divided into form and function. Such as command directive speech acts, request directive speech acts, invitation speech acts, advice speech acts, criticism directive speech acts, and prohibitive speech acts. Keywords: directives speech acts, film, speech

Differences in the interplay of face and speech processing in 5-year-olds and adults

The current study examined to what extent face and speech processing interact with each other and whether they enhance or impair the processing of the other in 5-year-olds (n = 51) and adults (n = 34). Using a computer-based speeded sorting task allowed to directly test the influence of auditory speech on face processing and the influence of face identity on auditory speech processing within one experiment. Participants were asked to either sort faces while ignoring auditory speech information (face task) or to sort auditory speech while ignoring face information (speech task). The tasks comprised three conditions: control (irrelevant dimension constant), correlational (congruent pairing of relevant and irrelevant dimension), and orthogonal (random pairing). For the 5-year-olds, reaction times did not differ in the face task, but differed in the speech task. They were the fastest in the control and the slowest in the orthogonal compared with the constant conditions. Adults’ reaction times were similar across conditions and tasks indicating an independent processing of faces and speech. Hence, we found an asymmetrical processing pattern between face and auditory speech processing in children, in which face identity is processed independent of auditory speech; however, auditory speech processing is affected by face identity.

THAR- Targeted Hate Speech Against Religion: A high-quality Hindi-English code-mixed Dataset with the Application of Deep Learning Models for Automatic Detection

During the last decade, social media has gained significant popularity as a medium for individuals to express their views on various topics. However, some individuals also exploit the social media platforms to spread hatred through their comments and posts, some of which target individuals, communities or religions. Given the deep emotional connections people have to their religious beliefs, this form of hate speech can be divisive and harmful, and may result in issues of mental health as social disorder. Therefore, there is a need of algorithmic approaches for the automatic detection of instances of hate speech. Most of the existing studies in this area focus on social media content in English, and as a result several low-resource languages lack computational resources for the task. This study attempts to address this research gap by providing a high-quality annotated dataset designed specifically for identifying hate speech against religions in the Hindi-English code-mixed language. This dataset “Targeted Hate Speech Against Religion” (THAR)) consists of 11,549 comments and has been annotated by five independent annotators. It comprises two subtasks: (i) Subtask-1 (Binary classification), (ii) Subtask-2 (multi-class classification). To ensure the quality of annotation, the Fleiss Kappa measure has been employed. The suitability of the dataset is then further explored by applying different standard deep learning, and transformer-based models. The transformer-based model, namely Multilingual Representations for Indian Languages (MuRIL), is found to outperform the other implemented models in both subtasks, achieving macro average and weighted average F1 scores of 0.78 and 0.78 for Subtask-1, and 0.65 and 0.72 for Subtask-2, respectively. The experimental results obtained not only confirm the suitability of the dataset but also advance the research towards automatic detection of hate speech, particularly in the low-resource Hindi-English code-mixed language.

Gestures speed up responses to questions

ABSTRACT Most language use occurs in face-to-face conversation, which involves rapid turn-taking. Seeing communicative bodily signals in addition to hearing speech may facilitate such fast responding. We tested whether this holds for co-speech hand gestures by investigating whether these gestures speed up button press responses to questions. Sixty native speakers of Dutch viewed videos in which an actress asked yes/no-questions, either with or without a corresponding iconic hand gesture. Participants answered the questions as quickly and accurately as possible via button press. Gestures did not impact response accuracy, but crucially, gestures sped up responses, suggesting that response planning may be finished earlier when gestures are seen. How much gestures sped up responses was not related to their timing in the question or their timing with respect to the corresponding information in speech. Overall, these results are in line with the idea that multimodality may facilitate fast responding during face-to-face conversation.

Establishment of self-reported hearing cut-off value on the Chinese version of short form of speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ12)

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Chinese version of Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (C-SSQ12) in the Chinese Mandarin-speaking population and to determine its screening cut-off value by comparing measured pure-tone average (PTA), the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening Version (HHIE-S) scores and C-SSQ12 scores. Design All participants completed the C-SSQ12 questionnaire and underwent the pure-tone audiometry. Older subjects aged ≧ 60 years completed the HHIE-S questionnaire. The optimal cut-off value for the C-SSQ12 as a hearing screening tool was calculated by comparing different cut-offs and hearing thresholds. Study sample A total of 300 subjects were recruited. Results There was a negative correlation between C-SSQ12 scores and HHIE-S scores (r = −0.749). C-SSQ12 scores were negatively correlated with PTA (r = −0.507; r = −0.542). The best cut-off value for the C-SSQ12 was 6.0, with a sensitivity of 78.2%, specificity of 80.3%, positive predictive value of 63.7% and negative predictive value of 97.0% (PTA > 40dBHL for bilateral ears). Conclusions Compared to mild hearing loss, the C-SSQ12 is a reliable and validated hearing screening tool with increased sensitivity for detecting moderate-to-severe hearing loss.