Semi-structured Interview Form Research Articles

Adolescent Fathers’ Experiences: A Qualitative Study

Abstract The existing body of literature concerning adolescent fathers is notably limited. This study aims to meticulously explore the fatherhood experiences of individuals who assumed the role during their adolescence. The qualitative data for this phenomenological study were collected online between March and August 2022. The study was conducted with participants residing in four different geographical regions in Turkey (Marmara, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia regions). The study cohort comprised eleven fathers, aged between 20 and 25 years. Data were gathered utilizing a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview form. Following the thematic analysis, we developed five overarching themes: “Emotions and experiences of being a father”, “Increased need for social support”, “Lifestyle changes due to being an adolescent father”, “Positive and negative effects of being an adolescent father” and “Recommendations for those who consider early marriage and becoming a father”. The study illuminated that those who became fathers during adolescence encountered financial challenges, mitigated by support from their immediate family or experienced relatives engaged in childcare. The findings of this study are anticipated to furnish essential data for nurses working with adolescents, contributing to the safeguarding and enhancement of adolescent health.

Lived Experiences of Turkish Internationally Educated Nurses: A Phenomenological Study.

The international mobility of the nursing workforce is growing. In recent years, Türkiye has seen a notable increase in the number of nurses seeking employment abroad. This study aimed to describe lived experiences of Turkish internationally educated nurses (IENs). A qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed, and the results are reported following the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Data were collected from September to November 2023 through in-depth, individual online interviews using a semi-structured interview form. Sixteen Turkish IENs were interviewed. Through thematic analysis, four themes emerged: push factors of migration, pull factors of migration, positive experiences following migration, and negative experiences following migration. The migration of Turkish nurses to higher-income countries significantly enhanced their professional and personal lives but also presented considerable challenges. This study underscores the dual nature of migration, offering both opportunities and challenges.

Psychosocial Situations Encountered By Athletes: Opinions of Orienteering Coaches

It is not surprising that athletes face many psychological strains in the competitive sports environment. The orienteering athlete, on the other hand, demonstrates making conscious decisions while interpreting the complexity of the map and recognizing the features of his/her environment, and in doing so, faces a psychological burden. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of orienteering coaches about the psychological difficulties experienced by their athletes in the competitive sports environment and what methods of solution to this situation. In the research, phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, and homogeneous sampling, one of the purposeful sampling types, were used. The research group consists of 3rd level orienteering coaches (n: 6, 4 women, 2 men). A semi-structured interview form was used to obtain data in the study. Content analysis method was used when analyzing data. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that a structure with two themes was formed: "Psychological Strains Encountered by Athletes" and "Solution Suggestions for Psychological Difficulties Encountered by Athletes". The codes formed under the themes and categories create concepts such as athletes before and during the competition, stress, anxiety, focus, excitement, fear, low motivation, high expectation, lack of self-confidence and focus. The opinions of the coaches regarding the solution suggestions are; Concepts such as entering a psychological regime, breathing stretches, positive inner speech of the athlete, visual and auditory checking during the competition, visualization work, increasing motivation and visually analyzing the terrain are seen. As a result, the coaches stated that the athletes encountered many psychological negativities during the competition and that they tried to improve the athlete by introducing a psychological regime to solve these problems.

The problems of school principals with auxiliary school personnel and suggestions for solutions

The purpose of this research is to determine the problems that school principals experience with the assistant school personnel and their solutions to the problems. The study group of this research, which was carried out as a qualitative case study, consists of 33 school principals working in Eğirdir district of Isparta province. The data of the research were obtained with a semi-structured interview form consisting of demographic information and open-ended questions. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. When the findings of the research are examined; it has been determined that the majority of school principals have problems with the assistant school personnel, and the most important problem is the inadequacy of these personnel. In addition, each principal tries to produce special solutions for their own conditions; it has been determined that there are suggestions that can be put into practice with central decisions on terms of appointment, legal regulations and improvement.

Do nurses follow the “Right Response”? Mixed methods research

Aim: Drug administration and management is an important procedure among clinical nursing practices and is one of the significant indicators affecting patient safety and quality of care. It was aimed to determine the nurses’ monitoring of drug effects after drug treatment. Methods: In the study, sequential explanatory design from exploratory and mixed research methods was used. Quantitative data were collected using a data collection form and qualitative data were collected through in-depth and individual interviews using a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were recorded with a voice recorder. Results: It was determined that the average age, working years, weekly working hours, and daily number of patients cared for by the nurses were respectively 30.46±6.96, 7.1±6.31, 44.92±5.71, 15.42±11.89 years. It was found that 54.2% of the nurses checked the drug package insert before administering the medication, 74.5% of the nurses always considered the history of drug and food allergy to be of vital importance before drug administration, and 97.9% of the nurses reported unexpected side/toxic effects. As a result of in-depth interviews with the nurses participating in the study, three themes were identified: the approach of right drug administration principles, the approach of following the right response, and the follow-up status of nurses after drug administration. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that nurses lacked knowledge about the right medication, and could not implement the right response due to high workload, low number of nurses, and lack of time. It was observed that nurses gave the responsibility of right response follow-up to the patient or the patient’s relatives. By evaluating the reasons for not implementing the right response, it is recommended that the number of nurses should be increased, the workload should be regulated, and nurses should receive training on the right drug administration and especially on the importance of the right response. It is also recommended that nurses receive training and counseling on their duties, authorities, and responsibilities.

Cyber Psychology from Educational Administration Perspective: Teachers and School Administrators’ Qualitative Insights

Purpose: This study aims to cultivate awareness of the phenomena of bullying and security within the framework of cyber psychology. In line with this primary objective, the experiences and awareness levels of participating school administrators and teachers were examined. Method: A descriptive phenomenological design, supported by a large sample, was employed to explore the semantic spectrum of cyber security and cyber bullying concepts. The study group consisted of 192 teachers and 64 school administrators, selected through purposeful sampling, specifically convenience sampling. A semi-structured online interview form served as the data collection tool. Content analysis was conducted with the goal of conceptualizing the data and identifying themes that describe the phenomenon. The findings are presented through descriptive narratives. Findings: The findings reveal the significant emotional distress and security concerns negatively influenced by cyber psychology. Additionally, it has been found that cyberbullying and security issues lead to serious consequences for individuals, such as loss of self-confidence, social isolation, persistent anxiety, and long-term psychological trauma.The data reveal that females are the gender most frequently subjected to cyber bullying, with the most vulnerable age group being 14-18, followed by the 11-14 age range. The identified sub-themes of cyber bullying include fraud, hacking, violation of privacy, verbal abuse, blackmail, threatening and psychological violence. Highlights: By examining the experiences of participants across a large sample, the study broadens the understanding of cyber bullying and security concepts. The detailed analysis of sub-themes provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The study serves as an important reference to enhance awareness among teachers and school administrators who are the closest to children and youth in school and to develop measures that address the increasing challenges of internet use in education.

Enhancing engineering design, scientific creativity, and decision-making skills in prospective science teachers through engineering design-based robotics coding applications

ABSTRACT Background Engineering design-based robotics coding applications are innovative approaches in science education that can enhance key skills among prospective science teachers. Addressing global environmental issues within these applications provides a unique context for developing engineering design skills, scientific creativity, and decision-making abilities. Purpose This study aimed to determine the effects of engineering design-based robotics coding applications, conducted within the context of global environmental issues, on the engineering design skills, scientific creativity, and decision-making abilities of prospective science teachers. Sample The research was conducted with prospective science teachers at a state university in Turkey during the 2022–2023 academic year. Design and methods The study employed the convergent parallel design of mixed research methods. Quantitative data were collected using the ‘Engineering Design Skills Scale’, ‘Scientific Creativity Scale’, and ‘Decision-Making Skills Scale’. Qualitative data were gathered through a ‘Semi-Structured Interview Form’. Results The findings revealed that engineering design-based robotics coding applications significantly improved the engineering design skills, scientific creativity, and decision-making abilities of prospective science teachers. Conclusions These results suggest that integrating such applications into science teacher education, particularly in the context of global environmental issues, can play a vital role in equipping future educators to address environmental challenges. This study underscores the importance of innovative approaches in teacher education to strengthen prospective teachers’ ability to develop solutions to environmental problems.

A Conceptual and Applied Analysis of the Level 5 Leadership

The aim of this research is to examine the conceptual perspective of Fifth Level Leadership and to investigate the leadership behaviors of principals in public schools in terms of Fifth Level Leadership. The phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group consisted of 26 teachers working in various branches in Mardin province in 2022-2023. The data of the research was collected through a semi-structured interview form with six questions. It was revealed that modesty and empathy, which are the characteristic features of Fifth Level Leadership, contributed to teachers' willingness to go to school. In the research, it was determined that teachers who worked with Level Five Leaders went to work happily and peacefully, and their professional self-efficacy was contributed to. According to other results reached in the research, school principals generally exhibit a profile far from Fifth Level Leadership behaviors. The principal profile that teachers want to see is a modest, knowledgeable, postgraduate educated manager who tries to understand teachers, constantly improves himself, is open to communication and cares about appearance.

Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Levels in Adult Intensive Care Units and Their Strategies to Reduce Fatigue: A Convergent Parallel Design.

Alarm fatigue is a challenge for nurses and patients. Also, feasible strategies to reduce/manage alarm fatigue are still unclear. This study aimed to identify adult intensive care nurses' alarm fatigue levels and strategies to reduce alarm fatigue. A convergent parallel design was employed. The study was conducted between January and June 2022 in adult intensive care units of a university hospital, with 67 nurses in the quantitative phase and 14 in the qualitative phase. Quantitative data were collected using a personal information form, the Satisfaction Visual Analog Scale and the Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Descriptive analyses, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to evaluate quantitative data. The inductive content analysis method was utilised to evaluate qualitative data. The STROBE and COREQ checklists were employed to report the study. In the quantitative phase, increased intensive care unit working hours, available alarm management support for managing alarms, and increased satisfaction level were negatively associated with alarm fatigue. Three main themes ("building an alarm management culture", "safe care environment" and "improving the features of alarm equipment/devices") and 10 sub-themes were elicited from interview data about the reduction of alarm fatigue. In the study, adult intensive care nurses' alarm fatigue levels and strategies to reduce fatigue were revealed. These strategies should be applied to reduce alarm fatigue in intensive care units. Healthcare providers should develop and implement proactive strategies through effective organisational management to prevent and reduce alarm fatigue so that an alarm management culture can be built, employee satisfaction can be increased, a safe care environment can be provided, and the features of alarm devices can be improved. The study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklists. No patient or public contribution. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05163340.

Exploring the impact of blended learning instruction on preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in organizing educational field trips to out-of-school learning environment

Abstract The integration of the flipped classroom model, self-efficacy theory, and the value of out-of-school learning environments forms the foundation for this study. By employing the flipped classroom model, preservice teachers can develop their instructional skills and build self-efficacy in organizing educational field trips. The active, student-centered learning experiences facilitated by the flipped classroom model can enhance preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs, preparing them to effectively utilize out-of-school learning environments in their future teaching careers. This study aims to explore the impact of the flipped classroom model on preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, specifically in the context of organizing and conducting educational field trips. By understanding the theoretical underpinnings and practical implications, the study seeks to contribute to the development of effective teacher education practices that promote innovative and confident teaching professionals. The study’s participants were 57 preservice teachers in the science teacher education program. It was undertaken employing a sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study. The preservice teachers in the experimental group were educated using the flipped classroom model, while the control group was instructed through the conventional classroom model. The “Self-Efficacy Belief Scale for Organizing Educational Field Trips to Out-of-School Environments” and a semi-structured interview form were used to gather data. Results indicate that the flipped classroom implemented in the course has positive effect on the self-efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers towards organizing trips to out of school learning environments. Furthermore, it was concluded that the use of this model was encouraging for pre-service teachers to use it in their teaching professions.

‘I want to become an IELTS teacher’: emotion labour and professional identity disillusionment in a novice Iranian public school EFL teacher

ABSTRACT Language teacher identity (LTI), and its essential component, teacher agency, are inextricably intertwined with emotion labour. This qualitative case study explored how the agency and LTI of an early-career Iranian female teacher of EFL (English as a foreign language) were affected by her engagement in emotion labour in two public schools. Data in the form of class observations and semi-structured interviews were collected, focusing on the emotional episodes of the participant’s practice at her previous and current workplaces, and then analysed through grounded theory procedures. The findings revealed that while the favourable emotional atmosphere of the first school helped the novice teacher to be at ease with her LTI, growing emotion labour caused by the deep-seated contradictions in the second school eroded her sense of agency and made her give her current job affiliation a second thought. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

The Impact of Physical/Natural Spaces on the Mental and Emotional Well-Being of Students According to the Report of Rural Female Teachers

In rural schools, nature is a space where teachers and students seek to feel states of emotional well-being. Activities carried out in contact with nature could be considered ideal for learning. The objective of the research was to explore the influence of physical/natural spaces on the emotional well-being of schoolchildren as reported by female teachers working in rural and indigenous contexts in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. This research is based on the hermeneutic paradigm with a case study design. The selection of participants was non-probabilistic and intentional, including 15 female teachers working in rural school contexts. The study used a semi-structured interview format, and the data were analyzed using grounded theory. According to the teachers’ discourse, the results generated three categories: (a) culture and diversity, (b) physical/natural spaces, and (c) emotional well-being. These show that natural spaces positively affect learning processes and emotional regulation. The research suggests that encouraging contact with physical/natural spaces can help create classroom climates with lower levels of conflict and tension. This, in turn, leads to higher levels of physical, psychological/mental, social, and spiritual balance, resulting in improved attitudes and motivational processes towards learning by students and teachers in rural and indigenous contexts.

Barriers to self-management engagement among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a qualitative study.

Self-management is crucial for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to enhance cognitive health and mitigate the potential risk of dementia. However, maintaining consistent engagement in self-management strategies seems a challenge for older adults with MCI. This study sought to gain insights into the barriers to self-management engagement among community-dwelling older adults with MCI. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit a diverse group of participants with MCI, aged 60 and above, residing in the provinces of Hubei, Jiangsu, Henan, and Anhui in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and May 2023, allowing for an in-depth exploration of participants' experiences and perceptions. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis to capture the essence of the participants' narratives. Twenty-six participants participated in the formal semi-structured interviews. The following themes and subthemes were identified: "inappropriate perceptions of MCI" ("low perception of risk from MCI" and "supposition of little personal control over MCI"), "elder self-neglect", and "lack of available information or support services about MCI". This study highlights significant barriers to self-management engagement among community-dwelling older adults with MCI, emphasizing the importance of developing tailored interventions that address misconceptions and self-neglect and enhance the availability of information and support services. These findings suggest avenues for policymakers and healthcare providers to foster more effective self-management practices in this population, promoting cognitive health and slowing potential progression to dementia.

A Phenomenological Research on Examining Middle School Teachers' Digital Competency Self-Efficacy Perceptions

The primary purpose of the research is to examine middle school teachers' self-efficacy perceptions of digital competence. The participants of this study, which was conducted using the phenomenology pattern of the qualitative research approach, consisted of 17 middle school teachers who were determined using the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers and analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers mostly tried to define the concept of digital competence as having technology and software knowledge. It has been observed that teachers' self-efficacy perceptions of digital competence are generally at a moderate level. Middle school teachers mainly stated the factors contributing to self-efficacy as being able to do daily and professional life in a digital environment and using digital devices, software, and the internet. In contrast, they stated that the factors that lead to poor self-efficacy perceptions are the inability to use digital devices and software comprehensively and to prepare content.

An Investigation of Coding Education Practices in terms of Primary School Students' Algorithmic Thinking Skills and Students' Opinions

This study aims to examine the views of fourth-grade primary school students on coding education given through the Scratch program by determining the students' skills in using the program and algorithmic thinking skills. The study was conducted as a one-group study with an embedded mixed design. The study group consisted of 32 students attending the 4th grade in a primary school. The data were collected using the Algorithmic Thinking Skills Scale developed by the researcher, Semi-structured Interview Form, Student Diaries, Scratch Programming Skills Checklists and Researcher Diary. According to the quantitative results of the study, a significant difference was found between the Algorithmic Thinking Skill Scale pre-test and post-test results of the students in the experimental group. According to the results obtained from the Scratch checklists among the qualitative results of the study, it was observed that the students in the experimental group generally added the decor, characters and codes in the projects correctly. According to the student diaries among the qualitative results of the study, it was determined that students generally found the coding course and the projects done in the course enjoyable. The data obtained from the researcher's diaries also supported the student diaries. Finally, according to the student opinions among the qualitative results of the study, it was concluded that the students liked the Scratch program enjoyed making projects and did not get bored. In this context, it is recommended to provide coding education to primary school students and to teach the Scratch program to primary school students.

Back to School After COVID‐19: The Views of Psychological Counselors at Schools About the Effects of the Pandemic on Students

This study aimed to determine the effects of the pandemic on students returning to school after COVID‐19 from the perspective of school psychological counsellors. The research was designed as a qualitative study using a phenomenological design. The study group of the research consists of 11 psychological counselors at schools working in public schools in Türkiye, who were determined by maximum diversity and criterion sampling from purposeful sampling methods at the end of the 2021–2022 academic year. The data were collected using a semistructured interview form created by the researchers. MAXQDA 2020 program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, themes were obtained regarding the effects of the pandemic on students. These themes include the changes in students’ emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and academic dimensions, the topics that school psychological counsellors included in their programs after the pandemic, and the topics they suggested to be included in the program in the following years. The results of the study reveal that after the pandemic, there is a need for practices on emotion regulation, conscious use of technology, development of social skills, reducing bullying, improving psychological resilience, and increasing school motivation and academic success. It is thought that the research may contribute to the development of practices that can reduce the harmful effects of COVID‐19 on students and positively affect students’ mental health at school.

Reverse Diaspora Tourism as a New Concept in Tourism: A Study on Turkish-Kazakh Diasporas

Reverse diaspora tourism is a form of international tourism in which the diaspora is visited by tourists from the home country, as opposed to diasporas visiting their home countries. This study aims to introduce the concept of reverse diaspora tourism to the literature and to highlight the economic, social, and cultural significance of the travel behavior and spending patterns of “reverse diaspora tourists” by comparing them with traditional diaspora mobility. The case study method, a qualitative research design, was used in this study. In this context, a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions was developed. Criterion sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to select the sample. In this context, face-to-face and e-mail interviews were conducted with 30 Kazakh diasporas living in Turkey and 30 Turkish diasporas living in Kazakhstan. The data collected from the participants were subjected to thematic analysis using the MAXQDA 2020 analysis program. The study revealed that reverse diaspora tourism is superior to diaspora tourism in terms of economic factors such as number of visitors, overnight stays, and tourism expenditure. In addition, reverse diaspora tourism makes an important social and cultural contribution to destinations. This study is original in that it introduces the concept of reverse diaspora tourism to the literature.

An investigation of teachers’ views on material and technology supported teaching of analytical geometry course

This research aimed to examine teachers' opinions regarding material and technology-supported analytic geometry teaching. The research employed a case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. The sample of the study consisted of 12 mathematics teachers studying at a state university in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The participants were determined using the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview form and diaries, and analyzed by content analysis. The findings highlighted that the teachers in the sample stated that learning the analytical geometry course with material and technology support contributed to the teaching process. In addition, they stated that visualization and concretization were effective in learning and that the method used was most useful in learning the subject of vectors.

The Effect of Mothers' Privacy Perceptions on the Privacy-Related Behaviors of Their Preschool Children

Privacy training; It is a phenomenon that covers not only the sexual development of children, but also cognitive, language, moral, social and emotional development areas. At the same time, it is a concept related to the individual's self-knowledge and setting limits in vital situations or interpersonal relationships. This work; This study was conducted to determine the effect of mothers' perceptions of privacy on their preschool children's privacy-related behaviors. The research was conducted with a two-stage relational survey model, qualitative and quantitative. Mothers with children aged 4-6 years studying in pre-school education institutions constituted the study group (N=239). Individual Information Form to determine the demographic variables of the study group; The Privacy Perception Scale was used to determine mothers' perceptions of privacy, and the Semi-Structured Interview Form was used to determine the effects of mothers' perceptions of privacy on their children's privacy-related behaviors. In the evaluation of qualitative data, data that were similar to each other were combined within the framework of certain themes and concepts by using content analysis. At the stage of evaluating the quantitative data, the MannWhitney-U test was used in the comparisons between two independent groups, and the KruskalWallisH test was used in the comparison of three or more independent groups in order to determine the difference and relationship status between the sub-dimensions of the Privacy Perception Scale and demographic variables. According to the results obtained; in the sub-dimension of individual privacy; significant difference was found between the variables of mother's education, mother's work and number of children. As mothers' perceptions of individual privacy increase, so does their perception of spatial privacy. In addition, as the perceptions of privacy regarding others increase; Digital privacy perceptions are also increasing

Innovative infographics-assisted sports education: augmenting cognitive retention in prospective PE teachers

Purpose. To assess the influence of innovative infographics-assisted sports education, augmenting prospective PE teachers’ cognitive retention of selected badminton laws. Material and Methods. Samples pursuing bachelor’s and master’s in physical education who opted for badminton as a specialization course were selected as samples from ten physical education colleges affiliated with Tamil Nadu Physical Education and Sports University (TNPESU), Tamil Nadu, India. Out of 110 prospective PE teachers, seventy-two males and thirty-eight women were randomly allocated into two groups: Baseline Group (BG) with fifty participants and Intervention Group (IG) with sixty participants. A researcher-made achievement test and retention questionnaires were used to assess types of faults in badminton, which served as quantitative components. The intervention group was interviewed to ascertain their opinions regarding using infographics in learning badminton laws through a semi-structured Interview Form. A mixed research model that consists of both qualitative and quantitative data collection was adopted in this study. The study followed an experimental posttest-only control group design. The BG and IG post-test outcomes were compared using statistical computations consisting of mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and t-tests. Results. Overall, results revealed that information embedded with infographics mode has deepened prospective physical education teachers’ retention capacity. Conclusion. The learner’s cognitive domain positively impacts learning new skills and concepts through infographics implementations and instructional processes to elevate learner outcomes.