Form Of Self-determination Research Articles

Beyond political theology: Marx’s materialist theorization of democracy and constituent power

ABSTRACT This article recovers and develops Marx’s highly original materialist theorization of democracy and constituent power in Critique of Hegel’s Doctrine of State. Through close textual analysis and theoretical recontextualization, I reconstruct Marx’s development and deployment of these concepts as a central part of his critique of political theology, that is, the idea of the state as a sovereign subject transcending and exercising absolute power over society. Marx conceptualized democracy as the social basis of all constitutional forms of the state, which simultaneously revealed the inherent possibility of overthrowing it and capitalism in order to institute a continuous and collective non-sovereign form of self-determination described as ‘true democracy.’

The Republic of Srpska after the war in Ukraine: Between guaranteed rights, disappearance and independence

The article identifies and analyses three main determinants that affect the position of the Republic of Srpska (RS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) before and after the beginning of the war in Ukraine in February 2022 to determine the conflictual potential of this position and possible outcomes. The main hypothesis is that, with the ongoing processes of EU and NATO integration, Kosovo's unilateral independence, and the rise of global conflicts and polarization, relations in the BH became more unstable and radicalised. The possible outcomes that the authors consider are the preservation of the Dayton position of the RS in the BH, the disappearance of the RS as a separate entity in the BH, and, the independence of RS as a form of self-determination and a way to protect the sovereign rights of Serbs. The authors employed content and discourse analysis methods and a comparison of three determinants before and after February 2022. They conclude that, since the war in Ukraine, the position of RS is pushed toward "radical outcomes" - disappearance or independence - in the action-reaction mode, which are at the same time the most conflictual outcomes, and less toward the most desired one - the preservation of Dayton Agreement and guaranteed rights based on consociative democracy.

First Nations media in the Closing the Gap era: Navigating the new self-determination

In 2020, a new Closing the Gap Agreement and an associated Joint Communications Strategy committed the Australian Government and state and territory governments to working with First Nations media to advance Closing the Gap aims, after lobbying by First Nations Media Australia. The new attention to First Nations media occurs after two decades of government disregard. We observe how First Nations media organisations have consistently advocated for a form of self-determination through First Nations-controlled communications, laying the groundwork for this shift. In doing so, they strategically adopt a political discourse to critique and promote reform of policy frameworks in their interests, highlighting tensions around the conceptualisation and practice of self-determination. We consider what may be required for a revised (re)adoption of self-determination as a policy to shift state-led governance, and to overcome the significant failures and limitations of policy processes.

스포츠 뇌 도핑(brain doping)과 인권

The use of tDCS (Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation), a non-invasive and painless brain stimulation technique, could be used in sports as a new form of brain doping. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits doping in competition, and brain doping has the potential to be used as a substitute or workaround for traditional doping methods. As brain doping technologies may provide performance enhancement in a similar way to doping athletes with banned substances or other devices, it is necessary to examine the normative implications of brain doping as an advanced technology. This article examines constitutional principles from the perspective of fundamental rights, such as the rule of law and fairness, and how they relate to human rights issues. In order to focus the discussion on the constitutional issue of anti-corruption, the article examines the public law issues of rule of law and fairness, and the human rights issues of equality, mental freedom, and the right to health, in the context of brain doping in athletes, and suggests implications for anti-doping policy. The implications of imposing restrictions on performance enhancement by intervening in the brain may be a matter of limiting an individual's right to self-determination as a form of self-determination in that it may restrict an individual's ability to improve their performance in a variety of ways of their own free will. In order for brain-doping devices to contribute to sporting fairness, it is important to ensure that access to brain-doping devices is equitable among individuals, while minimizing the adverse effects of using the technology and ensuring that athletes are safe from health risks. Guidelines are needed to ensure that devices that have the potential to undermine the fairness of sporting events through brain doping are included on the anti-doping rule's prohibited list and that athletes who use them are suspended from competition, and that underage athletes are not coerced into using brain-doping devices by coaches, managers et al. When tDCS used for brain doping is marketed as a wellness healthcare product, there is a need for consumer protection. Considering that doping may emerge in new ways in line with advances in science and technology, international cooperation and discussions should be carried out with the participation of civil society to ensure that technological advances do not jeopardize the safety of citizens and become a tool for corruption.

Религиозная идентичность в парадигме современной культуры

The article analyzes the nature and essence of religious identity in modern culture. Since modern culture tends more and more towards individualization and the development of personal lifestyle options, the format of the social existence of religious ideas is also changing. The authors define the specificity of religious identity in the paradigm of modern culture through the transition from the ways of defining the subjects of social relations in traditional society to modern. It is demonstrated that in traditional societies the method of external prescription of static roles that set the limits of the freedoms and opportunities of the individual prevailed, while in modern societies the form of self-determination dominates, when the individual independently and arbitrarily builds his identity from the resources provided to him by culture. Thus, thanks to the philosophical analysis of sociological data, the substantive interpretation of religious identity within the framework of traditional culture and its constructivist (narrative) rethinking within the framework of modern culture are substantiated. In modern society, religion becomes a matter of personal choice, along with the choice of clothing style, cultural activities, reading circle, music playlist, etc. Ultimately, there is an inversion of cause and effect. In a traditional society, the religious worldview was the center of the subject's identity and largely determined its values and characteristics; in modern society, religious identity is shifting to the periphery of the field of free autonomous action of the subject, driven by the mechanisms of intrinsic value and selfjustification of the European humanism of the New Time.

Beyond Settler Time: Temporal Sovereignty and Indigenous Self-Determination

Beyond Settler Time: Temporal Sovereignty and Indigenous Self-Determination

Review: Media Hot and Cold, by Nicole Starosielski

Review: <i>Media Hot and Cold</i>, by Nicole Starosielski

Rival jurisdictions on a resource frontier: Law, territorialization, and inscription in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Umgungundlovu in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa has the characteristics of a resource frontier; it is the subject of multiple development interventions, as well as the site of ongoing disruptions in governance practices. It is also the location of a significant community-based struggle, led by residents of the village of Xolobeni, for the ‘right to say no’ to imposed development. Some actors narrate this struggle as existing between a ‘community’ demanding a form of autonomy or self-determination against the ‘state’. This narrative identifies land defenders as a numerical minority acting against the national interest, often with violent consequences. It also fails to engage with the localized power relations at stake and ignores entangled forms of legal pluralism that exist. In this paper I approach the struggles in Xolobeni as waged between rival jurisdictions. This perspective provides a way to avoid dichotomous thinking that pits ‘communities’ against the ‘state’. It also offers a framework for studying the practices of making law in conditions of legal pluralism without prioritizing state or non-state law in a hierarchical way. It does this while at the same time illustrating the uneven forms of power relations that exist. The research shows that jurisdictional authority is augmented through law and jurisprudence, processes of territorialization, and local forms of inscription. In conclusion, I argue that examining how rival jurisdictions are augmented in practice offers a way to understand the layered forms of law, power, and authority and their articulation in specific places.

Correlation of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in international law

The article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in terms of international law. The principle of equality and self-determination of peoples, as well as the territorial integrity and inviolability of state borders, are among the basic principles of international law.&#x0D; At first glance, there is a certain contradiction between the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity of states, which provides that the territory of the state cannot be changed without its consent. The inability of the parties to find a peaceful solution to such a conflict leads to an increase in national conflicts, which often escalate into a military confrontation.&#x0D; From the content of the provisions of international law, it becomes clear that the principle of territorial integrity is aimed solely at protecting the state from external aggression. It does not apply only to those states that do not ensure the equality of the peoples living in them and do not allow free self-determination of such peoples. Conversely, if the state adheres to this principle in its activities, it is impossible to dismember it and violate its territorial integrity, "hiding" under this principle, because this state has already given peoples the right to express themselves within its borders.&#x0D; The right of the people to self-determination means that each nation is free to determine, without outside interference, its political status and to pursue its economic, social, and cultural development.&#x0D; In turn, the UN Millennium Declaration in fact spoke in favor of an only anti-colonial and anti-occupation interpretation of the principle of self-determination of peoples.&#x0D; Thus, the principle of the right to equality and self-determination of peoples does not encourage separatism and secession as a mandatory form of self-determination; on the contrary, the right to secession is directly limited to special cases, such as decolonization, the struggle against occupation and the racist regime.&#x0D; The same is confirmed in the practice of constitutional courts of states.

“A Viable Path for Education”—Indigenous-Language Immersion and Sustainable Self-Determination

ABSTRACT This article examines Indigenous-language immersion (ILI) schooling, an innovative approach in which most or all instruction occurs in the Indigenous language, with a strong culture-based curriculum. With the goals of promoting language revitalization, academic/holistic wellbeing, and cultural identity and continuance, ILI is a form of sustainable self-determination. We ground our analysis in a growing body of ILI scholarship and preliminary findings from our research in a mixed-method, multisite, US-wide study of ILI schooling. The study asks: What can ILI teach us to improve education practice for Native American learners? How can such a study inform research, theory, practice, and policy for Indigenous and other minoritized learners? We begin with a brief history of ILI movements in the US and then discuss ILI’s de/anticolonial aims, highlighting connections to sustainable self-determination. We illustrate these processes with examples of pedagogical, communal, and nation-building goals and practices evident in our national study. We conclude with the broader implications of ILI as a “viable path for education” for sustainable enactments of Indigenous self-determination.

Within Indian wars and the Wounded Knee massacre

Besides recorded in textbooks, historical events sometimes are adopted into literary works. Rebecca Wiles’ Bury Me at Wounded Knee is one of which since it portrays the Indian Wars and the Wounded Knee Massacre on 29 December 1890. The clause Bury Me at Wounded Knee in the poem is a form of self-determination of Native Americans. This paper aims at mapping the causal relation of historical events found in the poem to examine the Native Americans’’ self-determination inside it. As the basis, the paper employs the Historicism theory and Self-Determination theory (SDT) about autonomous and controlled motivations. The results found that the Native Americans’ self-determination in the poem is an undermined one. It is built by their internal autonomous motivation of deeply rooted culture and beliefs. However, the encroachments of the U.S. government who seized their rights, acted as controlled extrinsic motivations, internalized and thwarted the intrinsic motivation so that the self-determination is undermined. It decreases in the degree from an eagerness to act and resist to merely a wish of being buried in the location where they die and think of extinction.

Career guidance as a form of self-determination and life self-realization of the youth

Professional self-determination of young people is a controversial process complicated by the need to choose the field of activity and determine their place in life. Taking into account the complex influence of all factors on the professional orientation of young people is considered a reliable guarantee of the young person's choice of profession as part of life self-determination. However, it cannot be assumed that this process does not need management and practical support, and it can be carried out in a self-adjusting way. In addition, when choosing a profession, young people often rely on external attributes (publicity, showiness, prestige of the profession within the immediate circles) which gives rise to a corresponding interest in its development. Sometimes they do not take into account their correspondence to the requirements of the particular professional field: personal traits representing the importance of a professional, intellectual level of development, or the physiological capabilities necessary for the implementation of this professional activity. Increased attention is aimed at development of the natural instincts of the younger generation, as well as their professional formation, that is, on organizing assistance to young people in the choice of employment. At the same time, the choice should be made not only with a focus on the needs and opportunities of young people themselves, but also taking into account the labor market situation in the conditions of continuous updating of the list of popular professions. Willingness to respond quickly to market demands is the most approved approach to choosing a profession in modern conditions. Timely and qualified assistance in professional orientation would help young people meet the highest need: the need for self-realization.

Criteria for the legitimacy of secession in the exercise of the right to self-determination

This article deals with the most acute form of self-determination - secession - on the basis of domestic and foreign doctrine of international law. Secession has not been a recent phenomenon for decades, as is often erroneously stated in literature. The whole history of modern civilization is a continuous process of formation, development and complete or partial disintegration of States, subject to certain objective regularities. Secession has steadily increased throughout the second half of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century, but most State constitutions avoid the question of under what conditions and in what order the processes can be carried out. The purpose of the article is to attempt to assemble a typology of factors influencing the choice of secession form of self-determination. In the author’s work, such constituents of secession as irredentism and enosis, as well as the influence of separatist factors on centrifugal tendencies in the state, are examined in detail. In this connection, the author concludes that the concepts of secession and separatism are different in order and relate as intention, purpose (separatism) and one of its forms, without prejudice to other forms of territorial or national implementation Cultural autonomy, etc. The author’s conclusions concerning the impact of globalization and human rights on secession tendencies are interesting, resulting in a violation of the sovereignty of States and, consequently, its territorial integrity. The author has examined in detail the work of Russian and foreign scholars, as well as the most important sources of international law dealing with this problem.

Kinesthetic Unity as Motivated Association

Summary Within Husserl’s theory of perception, the role attributed to kinesthetic sensations determines a phase of the perceptive constitution that marks the boundary between pure receptivity and a first form of self-determination of consciousness. Kinesthetic experiences are, in fact, characterized not just as acts that are performed but rather that can be performed, albeit according to predetermined paths. This primitive form of ‘instinctive’ spontaneity of the Ego (linked to primal impulses) as realization of pre-established potentialities, characterizes what Husserl defines the ‘ idiopsychic’ dimension of consciousness (Husserl, 1952, p. 135). However, although this level of consciousness unity presupposes a spontaneous activity, it can be investigated according to the ‘causal’ laws of motivation. The phenomenon of motivation was notoriously introduced by Husserl in §56 of Ideen II, as a specific law of spiritual life. However, there are two possible forms of motivation, one in which the Ego is actively involved, and a second one, called “associative motivation.” The latter basically indicates the passive tendency of creating associations between unities of the immanent sphere. In other terms, Husserl acknowledges the existence of “motivated relations” within the immanent sphere of mental acts which do not necessarily call for an active participation of the Ego. In this sense, the relation between motivating factors and motivated elements could be considered a kind of conditioning of the form “because-therefore,” in which the two elements arrange themselves in a succession of experiences. This work aims to show that this very kind of association is the same that pre-determines the unfolding possibility of kinesthetic chains.

Is it Possible to Define the Impossible – What is a ‘Community’ for Purposes of Section 235 of the Constitution of South Africa?

The Constitution of South Africa contains the promise in Section 235 that any community that shares a common language and cultural heritage may be granted self-determination. The Constitution does not give any guidance about who the communities are that qualify for this self-determination. Terms such as minority, nationality and peoples have been notoriously difficult to define. The term ‘community’ has now been added to this list. In this article, consideration is given to international law and state constitutional law to ascertain how the term ‘community’ can be applied in South Africa; whether the term ‘culture’ should be used to expand or restrict the composition of the language community; and whether the community should be organised at a national level or whether local and regional communities could also qualify for a form of self-determination.

The Concept of Culture. Culture as a Communication of Cultures. The World for the First Time

ABSTRACT In this section, Bibler once again explicates the meaning of the term “culture.” He first defines it as a form of simultaneous being and communication among people of different cultures and eras. The second definition he gives is that culture is a form of self-determination in the horizon of personhood, the self-determination of life, knowledge, and thought. The third is that culture is the world “for the first time.” Culture allows us, author and reader, viewer, and audience, an ability as if to recreate the world of objects—on the surface of a picture or the pages of a literary work—and this world is, at the same time, perceived in its absolute objectivity, in its independence from me. A work of culture is not destroyed or consumed but retains its significance for centuries. The world and objects begin to be understood as if they were works of art. Bibler also considers the style of communicating among people at each of the thresholds of culture. He emphasizes that the author always addresses his work. In this section, he also gives a brief description of the modes of thought of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern era. He characterizes communication among cultures as one of the facets of the idea of a dialogue of logics.

Our Democracy: Laura Cornelius Kellogg’s Decolonial-Democracy

In recent years, a growing body of political science scholarship has shown how territorial expansion and Indigenous dispossession profoundly shaped American democratic ideas and institutions. However, scant attention has been paid to Indigenous thinkers and activists who have reshaped the colonial and imperial facets of democracy. I reconstruct the writings of the Oneida thinker and activist Laura Cornelius Kellogg (1880–1947). I contend that Kellogg offers a political theory of “decolonial-democracy,” which challenged settler-imperial domination by bringing together a project of Indigenous self-determination with reimagined democratic narratives, values, and institutions. The first and second sections place Kellogg in pan-Indigenous debates within the Society of American Indians and among non-Indigenous Progressive reformers, in order to show how she brings together a pan-Indigenous and social-democratic critique of American democracy. The third section interprets her landmark 1920 pamphletOur Democracy and the American Indianas a counter-narrative of the American founding read through the disavowed influence of the Haudenosaunee confederacy, a return to which she casts as a basis for democratic and Indigenous renewal. The final section outlines her vision of Indigenous self-government as “Indian communism” in the form of her “Lolomi Plan.” In sum, I trace a counter-politics envisioning a form of relational self-determination within a confederated, multinational political order, as well as the difficulty of bringing decolonization together with democracy in practice.

Ethnic Politics in Minority Dominant Regimes

This article attempts to answer the question of why ethnic identity rather than national identity is more likely to be salient after an ethnic majority overcomes a dominant minority rule? Does an ethnic majority succeeding a dominant minority pursue an authentic representative government or does it reinvigorate its own ethnic identity through the pursuit of ethnic politics? Ethnic minority governance inevitably raises questions of legitimacy and inclusivity. Even in secular democracies, where courts protect citizen rights, democracy is far from perfect, but in countries that divide along ethnicity, religion, sector, or tribal loyalty, the history of all-inclusive governance is not encouraging. Typically, minority rule in non-democratic countries tends to despotism and autocracy. Therefore, the policies of dominant minority regimes scarcely differ from those of majoritarian governments, and outcomes can also vary dramatically. By comparing dominant minority rule in three cases—Iraq, Syria, and Bahrain1—I analyze how ethnic conflict is prevalent and prolonged in countries where ethnic minorities rule and how the outcome ultimately impacts state national identity. I maintain that ethnic identity issues and ethnic conflict do not resolve with majoritarian rule. In fact, if a majoritarian party assumes power after a dominant minority government, it will likely consolidate its own identity and pursue ethnic politics by way of an ethnocultural form of self-determination. Theoretically, this article contributes to the debate on the incompatibility of ethnicity and nationalism on the one hand, and with nation and state building on the other.

Imprints of the Thing in Itself: Li Zehou’s Critique of Critical Philosophy and the Historicization of the Transcendental

Kant’s concept of the “thing in itself” constitutes a formidable challenge to the project of “(anthropological-)historical ontology” with which the name of Li Zehou has become synonymous. Li’s radical reinterpretation of Kant’s critical philosophy, which locates the conditions of the possibility of knowledge and experience within historical and social evolution and thus seeks to allow for a form of human self-determination, brings us face to face with the close relation between the epistemological/ontological and normative dimensions of the notion of the thing in itself. My paper attempts to tease out some of the conceptual presuppositions and repercussions of Li’s approach to the thing in itself in the Critique of Critical Philosophy (Pipan zhexue zhi pipan 批判哲学之批判), while locating his reading in the broader context of Kant’s transcendentalism.

ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ДЕТЕЙ В МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СЕМЬЯХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The Orenburg region is a multi-ethnic region with a large proportion of inter-ethnic marriages. The authors conducted the sociological survey in order to determine the specifics of national identity of children from interethnic families in Orenburg region and identify trends in the formation of national identity. The survey allowed to make conclusions: ethnic self-determination in such families is developing in the form of refusal to associate a person with a certain ethnic group. At the same time, this form of ethnic self-determination is observed not only in inter-ethnic families, where it prevails, but also in single-ethnic families. According to the authors, we are witnessing a process of transition from a traditional society with mandatory registration of ethnicity by birth to a modern civil nation, with a freer attitude to ethnic self-identification, which was launched by the abolition of mandatory indication of nationality in the passport during the Soviet period.