Form Of Script Research Articles

REVITALISASI AKSARA JAWA MELALUI GAMAN RAJA

Early introduction through activities to color Javanese script and habituation to writing Javanese script according to the correct flow and technique is a real action to revitalize Javanese script. Javanese script is an Indonesian script and one of the elements in regional languages. Preserving Javanese script means caring for Javanese cultural assets that encourage the creation of various forms of expression to enrich the culture of the Indonesian nation. The development of Javanese script teaching materials is a form of revitalizing regional languages and advancing cultural objects in the language sector. Gladhi Maca and Nulis Aksara Jawa (Gaman Raja) is the development of teaching materials for reading and writing Javanese script, especially for students at the elementary school (SD) level. Gaman Raja consists of two volumes, namely Volume 1 Reading and Coloring Javanese Script and Volume 2 Reading and Writing the Beginning of Javanese Script. Gaman Raja volume 1 aims to introduce the forms of Javanese script through the activity of coloring pictures of Javanese script. The benefits can be as a means of recreation and training fine motor skills. Gaman Raja Volume 2 aims to practice writing Javanese script according to the correct rules. Media Gaman Raja is included in the very feasible category based on media assessment results, namely 85% from media expert validator I and 90% from media expert validator II. The Gaman Raja material is included in the very appropriate category based on the material assessment results, namely 87% from material expert validators I and 93% from material expert validators II. The results of students' responses to Gaman Raja were very good, namely the material aspect was 89%, the language aspect was 87%, the presentation aspect was 91%, and the graphic aspect was 97%.

İstanbul’daki Bazı Tarihi Yapıların Ma’kılî Hatları Üzerine

The square kufıc (ma’ qıli) calligraphy, frequently employed as early as the 11th
 century in the architecture of the Great Seljuks and Anatolian Seljuks periods, gradually
 yielded its place to other calligraphic styles and penwork embellishments in Ottoman
 constructions. Conversely, compared to other script forms, an insufficient body of
 scientific research is dedicated to the accurate comprehension and thorough recognition of
 ma’qili calligraphic art. This unique calligraphic style, which is not traditionally imparted
 within conventional calligraphy education and is currently witnessing renewed interest in
 Islamic architecture and art across various countries, necessitates comprehensive studies
 to elucidate its nuanced reading and compositional logic.
 This article undertakes a detailed exploration of some Square Kufıc calligraphy from
 the era of Mimar Sinan in Istanbul to the period preceding Sinan’s time. In addition
 to analyzing the content and compositions of the inscriptions, specific errors and
 interpretations are also addressed.

The Ship of Theseus

Unsilencing is one way to describe methodologies that disrupt hegemonic erasure of marginalized populations. I take on unsilencing, a concept from Trouillot (1995), as a tool to decenter myself, a straight cisgender woman, while telling my participant/co-author’s story and experience as a member of the trans community. This piece approaches unsilencing in two ways—as a way to ethically work with populations where a researcher has an outsider identity and to subvert traditional research methodologies. Unsilencing is explored through my narrative analysis that presents findings in the form of a documentary script. I conclude with recommendations for future research guided by unsilencing.

MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA JAWA DENGAN TEKNIK AUGMENTED REALITY MENGGUNAKAN VUFORIA SDK

Javanese script is a priceless cultural heritage. The form of the script and the art of making it become a legacy that deserves to be preserved. Javanese script is used in various Javanese texts and several other languages around the narrative area. This script is better known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. However, over time the use of Javanese script began to decrease. Many people don't know Javanese script. One of the causes is the form of Javanese script which is more difficult to understand than Latin script so that the interest in learning is reduced.
 In today's technological development, learning media are beginning to use technology as a learning tool. This is to improve the quality and effectiveness of learning. One of the technologies that has been implemented is Augmented Reality. This technology is able to represent real objects into virtual objects in the form of images, video or audio. Learning Javanese script can use this technology to improve the effectiveness of learning. This Augmented Reality was created using Vuforia who later designed the application using Unity.
 With the creation of Javanese script learning media applications that implement Augmented Reality technology, it is easier to understand Javanese script. Especially understanding the form and pronunciation. So that the knowledge and use of Javanese script will continue to be preserved.

Introducing DeReKoGram: A Novel Frequency Dataset with Lemma and Part-of-Speech Information for German

We introduce DeReKoGram, a novel frequency dataset containing lemma and part-of-speech (POS) information for 1-, 2-, and 3-grams from the German Reference Corpus. The dataset contains information based on a corpus of 43.2 billion tokens and is divided into 16 parts based on 16 corpus folds. We describe how the dataset was created and structured. By evaluating the distribution over the 16 folds, we show that it is possible to work with a subset of the folds in many use cases (e.g., to save computational resources). In a case study, we investigate the growth of vocabulary (as well as the number of hapax legomena) as an increasing number of folds are included in the analysis. We cross-combine this with the various cleaning stages of the dataset. We also give some guidance in the form of Python, R, and Stata markdown scripts on how to work with the resource.

Ideological debates around the script of collateral languages: the case of Kashubian and Silesian in Poland

ABSTRACT Our paper discusses the modes of creating normalised orthographies for two collateral languages of Poland, Kashubian and Silesian. In both cases, the creation of a literary form is a way of raising their prestige and an argument for their legal recognition. While Kashubian has the status of a ‘regional language’ of Poland, Silesian is still contested despite large community support for its linguistic autonomy. We analyse how different orthography systems are created, promoted and what ideological debates they provoke. We distinguish between two kinds of scripts. The first option is a ‘compromise’, closer to the standard Polish, which aims to facilitate learning collateral language in formal education for those who are Polish first language speakers. The second is a ‘classical’ or ‘identity-strengthening’ version that builds upon the historical forms of local scripts. It aims to distinguish it from the standard Polish to reinforce the groups’ identity as separate from the dominant society. Based on an analysis of in-depth interviews with language activists and the context in which the Kashubian and Silesian languages function, we explore the ideological debates around the creation of collateral languages’ writing systems.

Writing with an accent: Travelling scholars and xenophone scholarship

Feminists have been examining the travelling and dominance of Anglophone feminist knowledge across the globe through translation and adaptation, and their revision and transformation in the process. This article suggests that feminist scholarship circulates globally through not only the travelling of theories but also the ‘travelling’ scholars who move geographically, linguistically, and intellectually in and out of the Anglophone scholarly world. It considers knowledge production as an embodied process and explores the relationship between intellectual biography and knowledge production. Directing the gaze to travelling scholars and their ‘accented’ writings, it traces the various types of ‘accents’ in the form of italics or non-Romanized scripts, the invented terms and phases, the meaning frames and conceptual constructions, and creative grafting of ideas and epistemic frameworks. Using various forms of ‘accented’ writings in feminist and queer inquiries about China as examples, this article demonstrates that moving between languages and intellectual traditions, the accented writings produced by travelling scholars can serve as important modes and foci of feminist knowledge production and have the potential to produce ‘xenophone’ scholarship that contributes to feminist knowledge production.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Baca Tulis Aksara Jawa Melalui Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Game Kwartet Aksara Jawa

The Javanese language subject is a subject at the Elementary School (SD) level which includes learning related to Javanese literature, language, and culture. One indicator of the success of learning Javanese is that students have the ability to read and write Javanese script. Students' skills in reading and writing Javanese script are influenced by the condition of students in knowing Javanese script letters. So that students can be skilled in reading and writing Javanese script. We conducted this research to improve the ability of fifth grade students at Wirogunan 2 Public Elementary School in writing and reading Javanese script using the Javanese Script Quarted Game. This research involved 22 students of class V at SD Negeri Wirogunan 2 as research subjects. In this study, the authors used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation, and tests. Data validity uses source triangulation, namely comparing information obtained from different sources to re-check the degree of trustworthiness of information. The results of the research explain that the learning media innovation uses this quartet game, namely the students are very enthusiastic about learning to memorize Javanese script and it is hoped that through this game over time students can memorize all forms of Javanese script. In addition, the students will be challenged and enthusiastic in memorizing the Javanese script letters, because if they have memorized all the Javanese script letters, it will be easy to win this game.

Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan dalam Seloko Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Desa Sungai Keruh Kabupaten Tebo

The problem with this study is the value of what education is found in the murky river village village of tebo district. The purpose of this study is to describe the educational values found in the murky river village village of tebo district. This type of study is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach and is analyzed using the herbal method. The source of this research data is a transcript of the traditional wedding ceremony of the murky river village of tebo district, and the murky rivervillage custom wedding procession between Yuda Anggara bin hamidi and Widia Hepliyani binti Rozali on July 2, 2023, which was then transplanted into script form. The results in this study describe the values of education found in the murdy river village cultures of tebo district, the values of education in which there is (1) the value of the education of faith and education in the almighty god, the value of the education of the almighty god, the value of the natural and inherent belief in god, the value of the supreme deity, (2) the value of the noble moral education includes the virtues of patience, righteousness, and justice, Affection, provident, courageous, ashamed, maintaining chastity, and keeping promises, (3) the value of scientific education includes the value of knowledge and intelligence, (4) the value of democratic education includes the value of human beings having a change in the direction of healthy thought, respect for the dignity of our fellowmen, willingness to serve for common interests or welfare, (5) the value of responsible education includes the value of being accountable to one god, responsibility to oneself, responsibility to the family. It is hoped that studies on the value of education can be continued and that researchers can further examine the values of education found in literature other than taphstrokes, poetry and so on, that research references on educational values will be more available and easier to find.

Aksara Ulu Lubuklinggau and Its Implementation in the Senior High School Cultural Arts Learning Material Module

This research aims to: (1) Examining the form of ulu lubuklinggau script for high school cultural arts learning materials. (2) Making a high school cultural arts module with the material of the ulu lubuklinggau script. (3) Testing the feasibility of the ulu lubuklinggau script material module for high school cultural arts learning materials. This research uses a qualitative descriptive methodological approach to examine the history, origin and form of the ulu lubuklinggau script which then the data with the Research and Development (R&D) methodology approach is processed into cultural arts learning material products. At the same time it aims to test the feasibility of the Ulu Lubuklinggau script learning material module. Based on the results of qualitative research and development research, it can be concluded as follows: (1) Lubuklinggau ulu script is one of the script varieties in the Rencong Nusantara script group which consists of several variants of Sumatran script. The study of the Lubuklinggau ulu script began after the discovery of the Gelumpay Manuscript at the Negeri Ulak Lebar site, which contains stories about teachings in Hinduism that teach how to meditate or meditate. However, the existence of the Lubuklinggau ulu script has only been known and studied by a small number of academics in Lubuklinggau City, which is considered less effective in sustainable preservation. (2) Module making as a cultural preservation technique is one of the effective strategies in preserving culture in the community. In making the learning material module of the Lubuklinggau ulu script, the needs analysis data showed that there was no special subject or special material that specifically discussed the Lubuklinggau ulu script in the scope of formal education. Therefore, the module was made by following the module making procedure and going through the product validation process. The result is a learning material module on typography of the Lubuklinggau ulu script consisting of three main materials, namely two-dimensional art, Lubuklinggau ulu script, and typography, which can be used as a learning resource in learning cultural arts in grade X high school. (3) The learning material module of the Lubuklinggau ulu script has been declared feasible because each stage of its manufacture is carried out systematically and in accordance with the module design procedure. The assessment results from media experts, material experts, class teachers, and participants showed excellent results with the category "Very Good". The design of this module aims to appreciate and preserve the cultural identity of the Lubuklinggau City community, as well as a response to the task of the education unit in preserving regional culture and teaching it to the next generation.

Style-independent radical sequence learning for zero-shot recognition of Small Seal script

Small Seal script (Chinese called XiaoZhuan), as the earliest archaic form of standardized Chinese script, is the predecessor of modern Chinese characters. However, the Small Seal character recognition remains a challenging task, due to various un-/semi-structured pictographic glyphs and writing styles. This paper proposes a style-independent pictographic radical decomposition for the zero-shot recognition of Small Seal script, by taking advantage of the inherent consistency of pictographic representations between the Small Seal script and the Traditional Chinese script (Chinese called Fanti). Specifically, we design a feature-level collaboration framework of two tasks. One is the XiaoZhuan-to-Fanti translation task, which employs a generative adversarial network (GAN) based dual-learning mechanism to learn style-independent and consistent pictographic feature representations from different styles of Small Seal and their corresponding Traditional Chinese characters. The other is a transformer-based pictographic radical sequence learning from the pictographic feature representations. Experiments demonstrate that our model has satisfactory recognition ability to various styles of Small Seal scripts, especially for the zero-shot recognition of those with unknown glyphs and unseen styles. The code is available at https://github.com/windyz77/SmallSealRecon.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Naskah Drama Dengan Media Cerpen Oleh Peserta Didik Di Kelas XI SMK Negeri 7 Medan

Based on the results of interviews with Indonesian language subject teachers at SMKN 7 Medan, the obstacles encountered in learning to write drama scripts were regarding the methods and learning media used were ineffective, resulting in low scores for students who were under the KKM. Therefore, to overcome this, researchers use short story media in writing drama scripts. The research objective is to improve the learning outcomes of writing drama scripts for class XI MPLB students at SMKN 7 Medan. The method used is Class Research method. This is because this class research collaborative method aims not to test a treatment but a way to make changes towards improvement or improvement in learning. There are 2 cycles in this study, there are 2 instruments, namely tests. The test instrument was in the form of drama script results in both cycles. The first cycle reached an average of 76.80 while the second cycle average increased to 86.80. By looking at the average value, students have achieved a score above the KKM that has been determined, namely 75. After learning to write drama scripts with short story media, students become more active and find it easier to think creatively to put their ideas into the script. drama and motivation to learn in students increases.

ANALYSIS ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACT IN "PURPLE HEARTS" MOVIE BY TESS WAKEFIELD

Speech acts are what humans perform by speaking, according to linguistics. Speech acts can be seen in the movie as well as in daily life. This research focuses on the speech and the objectives of this research are to define the various speech actions especially assertive acts, and examine the most common ones used by the central character. Additionally, the texts in the form of movie scripts serve as the study's objects. The theory that is used in this research is Searle (1979) of speech acts. In this research, qualitative method was used to analyze the data. To determine which types in assertive act are most frequently used, and there were 15 utterances need to be examined in total. The findings of this research indicate that types use State, suggest, complain, claim, and report in assertive act. In conclusion, following the completion of the research, it contains suggestions to those who will utilize the similar research, especially pragmatics and the usage of the term assertive acts for communication in society or English community is needed.

Between Reading and Viewing: Mapping and Experiencing Rome and Other Spaces

This article focuses on a Carolingian manuscript now kept in the Stiftsbibliothek Einsiedeln (Codex 326 (1076)), containing a collection of mostly Rome-centred writings, among others, a series of walking routes through the city (the Itinerarium Einsidlense). The theoretical concepts of ‘affordances’ and ‘ergodic’ reading are employed to explore the meanings and functions of the Itinerarium in its original context of use (i.e., the Carolingian monastery). After an analysis of the particular form of the written text on the parchment folio, the article contextualises the form and affordance of the Itinerarium by comparing the text with two other Carolingian artworks from roughly the same time and geographical context: the Plan of St. Gall and a diagram of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from an illustrated manuscript of Adomnán’s De locis sanctis. These sources resemble the Itinerarium through their ergodic approach to writing and reading, as well as their visual and meditational affordances. Subsequently, the Itinerarium is read in the wider context of the Einsiedeln collection, to explore how the ‘ergodic’ dimensions of the manuscript adds to the understanding of the meaning and function of the Itinerarium. Thus, the article highlights the importance to pay attention to the physical form of Latin script and the place of texts in the larger manuscript, in order to understand the meanings and functions of texts in particular contexts.

Improving Indic code-mixed to monolingual translation using Mixed Script Augmentation, Generation & Transfer Learning

The use of code-mixed languages (written in Roman character) on social media platforms is prevalent in multilingual nations. Translation from code-mixed to monolingual is necessary for social media analysis, content filtering, and targeted advertising. Training translation models from scratch is difficult due to the scarcity of available code-mixed resources and the extremely noisy nature of real-time code-mixed sentences. At the moment, multilingual state-of-the-art language models are routinely used for multilingual applications. However, multilingual models are ineffective in handling code-mixed sentences as it is usually written in Roman script but contain words from at least two languages. In the paper, two data augmentation techniques are proposed to improve code-mixed to monolingual translation, one based on script augmentation and the other on code-mixed sentence generation. The proposed approach converts the code-mixed sentences into ‘Mixed Script form’ that restore the native language words in the sentences with corresponding native language scripts. The novelty of the work is that the multilingual language models include each language’s linguistic competence, preserving context in the monolingual sentences, not possible in the earlier models. Using an mT5 model, denoising and mixed-script switching are performed, followed by monolingual translation with another mT5 model. Code-mixed sentences are generated by employing a simple code-mixed sentence generating technique using monolingual parallel inputs. Two different Indic language sets, namely Hindi-English and Bengali-English are applied and in each case, the proposed approach outperforms straight uni-script (Roman) code-mixed to monolingual translation.

Re-Listening to Derrida and Benjamin

News on the publication of Two Plays for the Stage was announced on the Performance Philosophy website during 2021 but only received my attention this year, when I ordered a copy of the book out of curiosity. After reading it and making copious notes, I contacted the two authors to give them my impressions, particularly those concerning my responses to it in terms of sound. The trigger for this ReView came from an email discussion with John Schad on critical-creative writing, which I interpret as creative criticism, meaning that this could take any form appropriate to the artist’s discipline. Indeed my essay in an earlier edition of the journal (Wilkins, 2016) took the form of a labyrinthine script during its writing process, this as a response to Freddie Rokem's initial article (Rokem, 2015). It later manifested itself in an audio piece presented in Vol. 7.1, a collaboration between myself and Leona Jones entitled With W/Ringing Ears. (Jones, Wilkins, 2022). Fred Dalmasso’s research into the syncope (2017), which surfaces within the concluding essay to the book, has interested me for some time in terms of its possible parallels in the world of sound.
 In this current contribution I present a parallel sound-world that was spontaneously invoked during my reading of Derrida | Benjamin. I refer to key phrases / quotes that became pointers for triggering the sonic responses that follow. This is by no means an attempt to suggest audio for any future production of the plays, rather a series of independent sonic ideas that spring from the writings of John Schad and Fred Dalmasso.

An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Quality of Taboo Words in the Gran Torino Movie

<p align="justify">The research aims to identify type and function of taboo words in the Gran Torino movie, to find out the techniques used in translating the taboo words, to examine the shift in type and function of the taboo words, and to evaluate the accuracy and the acceptability of the taboo words translation.</p><p align="justify">This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data are taboo words in the Gran Torino movie in the form of an English script and its subtitle (Indonesian). The informants provided data of information about the translation techniques and quality through Focus Group Discussions (FGD).</p><p align="justify">The findings show that there are total 270 data. There are 10 types of taboo words; body parts, sexual acts, ethnic insults, profanity, vulgarity, curse, scatology, animal names, ancestral allusion, and insulting references to perceived psychological, physical, or social deviations. There are four functions of taboo words; auxiliary, abusive, expletive, and humorous. 96% of data are type-shifted and 76% are function-shifted. There are five translation techniques found; reduction (43.7%), establishes equivalent (23%), explicitation (20%), adaptation (8.1%), implicitation (3.7%), discursive creation (0.7%), and literal translation (0.4%). The average accuracy score is 1.78 while the acceptability is 2.12. Therefore, the translation quality score is 1.92.</p>

An Analysis Of Educational Values In “Keluarga Cemara” Movie

Finding the positive effects and educational values of watching movies for study was one of the study's main objectives. "Keluarga Cemara" is the title of the movie that was utilized for this study. The method of analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive. For this thesis, data from two sources were employed. The primary data source came from the movie in the form of dialogue scripts between every character. The second set of data was gathered from research-related journals and other online resources. Descriptive qualitative research was used in this film. According to the analysis, it was noticed that a number of educational values had been found, including: honestly, brave, peace, confident & potential, self-discipline moderation, purity, loyalty, respect, love & affection, not selfishness, kind & friendly, and fair & humanist. Additionally, watching "Keluarga Cemara" offered both the the benefits of both as an educational tool and a relaxing leisure activity.

The Threat of Discontinuity Ancient Scripts in the Islamic-Malay Manuscript

The purpose of this writing is to prove that there is a threat of discontinuity of ancient scripts in Malay Islamic manuscripts. Preservation of cultural heritage in the form of ancient script tends to be ignored. Abandonment of ancient scripts in the form of discontinuity the inheritance of ancient scripts; discontinuity of ancient script writing and discontinuity due to myths. In fact, these three aspects have the effect of threatening the discontinuity of ancient script. Through direct and indirect observation of digital collections of ancient manuscripts and free interviews with informants consisting of government agencies, traditional leaders and communities of ancient script lovers. Three ancient scripts that are threatened with discontinuity were found: (1) Jawi script, (2) Ulu script and (3) Lontaraq script. To then do data analysis by means of descriptive, interpretive and reflective of the existing data. This research shows that the government's policy regarding the preservation of cultural heritage must be handed down by the local government in an effort to preserve ancient scripts with outreach, workshops/training as a condition for the sustainability of cultural heritage. In addition, recruitment of ancient script experts is needed to increase qualified human resources and ancient script experts so that local content subjects can be realized. This is important to increase the preservation of ancient scripts.

An analysis of slang words in the “Green Book”, a movie directed by Peter Farrelly

This paper aims to describe types of slang words, meanings, and reasons for using slang words in the Green Book movie directed by Peter Farrelly. The characters in the Green Book movie use slang words in their daily or informal contexts. The researchers used qualitative methods in this research process. The technique used in the data collection part was by using the observational method where the researchers observed the data collection in the form of scripts in the Green Book movie. Based on the data collection, there are 118 slang words found in this movie. The researchers concluded that there are three findings. The first finding is type of slang word where there are 4 types of slang words used by characters in the Green Book movie, such as fresh and creative, imitative, flippant, and clipping. Then, the second finding is the meaning of each slang word used by the characters in the Green Book movie. While, the third finding is the reason for using slang words where there are 7 reasons for using slang words, such as to address, to form intimate atmosphere, to initiate relax conversation, to express impression, to show intimacy, to reveal anger, and to express humiliation. This research is expected to broaden our knowledge about the slang words used in America and to widen our understanding about the application or use of slang words slang for daily life for speakers who are interested in using and learning slang words.