Form Of Money Research Articles

Analysis of The Effect of Three-Month DCA Accuracy on Optimistic Bias In Fulfilling Cooking Oil For DCA Recipient Families

Cooking oil is one of the basic needs for the people of Indonesia and is included in the nine staples. Currently, there is an increase in the price of cooking oil as a result of the price of crude palm oil on the international market increasing and reaching the highest price ever recorded in history. So that the government’s action to overcome the increase in cooking oil prices is to provide Direct Cash Assistance in the form of electronic money or non-cash assistance with the main target being Families Receiving Non-Cash Food Assistance and Family Hope Program and Street Vendors who sell fried food. This study aims to see the bias that occurs against DCA given to beneficiary families and provide suggestions for the government based on the results of cost accuracy in fulfilling cooking oil for 3 months. The method used in this research is the statistical test of single sample mean and double sample mean to determine the accuracy of respondents’ answers to the movement of cooking oil prices. The results showed that there was an optimistic bias towards the estimation of cooking oil prices by the community. People expect the price of cooking oil to fall, but in actual conditions the price of cooking oil for a month from May to June shows a fixed price neither rising nor falling.

Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usaha Salad Buah pada Mf Dessert

Income is all income received from other parties in the form of money or goods, as well as industrial output, which is valued based on the current amount of money from these assets. Turnover is one of the company's components and the main objective in preparing the income statement. This research aims to conduct an analysis of fruit salad income at Mf Dessert. Through this careful research and comprehensive literature review, it is hoped that we can provide deeper insight into the income that contributes to Fruit Salad at Mf Dessert and provide recommendations that can help Mf Dessert businesses optimize their business potential. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research show that the average revenue from Mf Dessert is IDR 3,900,000,- per 5 months with production costs incurred of IDR 3,484,873,- per 5 months. The production costs consist of fixed costs of IDR 4,000 per 5 months and variable costs of IDR 3,435,000 per 5 months. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the income earned by fruit salad at Mf Dessert was IDR 415,127 per 5 months. Based on feasibility research on Mf Dessert (R/C Ratio), a value (R/C Ratio) of 1.22 or 1.22 > 1 was obtained, meaning that for every cost incurred Rp. 1, it produces income of Rp. 1.22 so that the revenue is greater than the capital spent. So it can be concluded that the fruit salad at Mf Dessert can be said to be profitable and worth running.

Understanding enablers and inhibitors of digital rupee: a dual-factor theory perspective

Purpose Central banks globally are actively investigating the issuance of central bank digital currencies, a digital form of fiat money. In this light, this study aims to explore and empirically validate the factors that enable or inhibit user behavioral intentions to adopt the digital rupee in India. Design/methodology/approach The study employed dual-factor theory (DFT) to capture the users’ perceptions of both enablers and inhibitors of the digital rupee. The authors gathered survey data from 351 individuals in India through online questionnaires. The authors used partial least squares structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis (MGA) to evaluate the proposed conceptual model. Findings The findings reveal that enablers such as perceived government support, trialability and similarity positively influence users’ attitudes toward the digital rupee. In contrast, inhibitors such as usage, value and risk barriers increase users’ resistance. Attitude has a significant positive impact on the intention to use the digital rupee, while resistance significantly reduces the intention to adopt it. MGA results highlight the importance of gender and income status in understanding intention to use the digital rupee. Originality/value By applying DFT, the study identifies a set of enablers and inhibitors that influence the behavioral intention to use the digital rupee in India. It provides actionable insights for governments and central bankers to devise effective policies, design considerations and targeted interventions, ensuring a sustainable environment for the successful implementation of the digital rupee.

Trade-off Anak Adat Status as a High-cost of Political Transaction in Papua Local Elections

Currently, the political transaction through trade-off anak adat (customary child) status is wider applied in Papua local election. Benefiting from the direct elections, the elites competed for political power in the regions by mobilizing ethno-religious sentiments and utilizing money-politics. The voters, in return, behave as clients as they seek to gain material benefits from their preferred candidates in exchange for political loyalty. This condition caused the high-cost politics during the local election. Based on this problem, this paper attempts to analyze the hijacking of adat (customs) through trade-off anak adat status as a form of political transaction which impacted to high-cost politics. This study cultivates the theory of political transactions to analyze the political transaction in Papua local election especially in the gubernatorial election 2018 and election of DPRD (Regional Representative Council)’s member in 2019. This form of political transaction has caused the high-cost of local election in Papua, which is not only in the form of money, but also carried the social cultural high-cost impact. Of course, vote buying will make the candidates have to spend a lot of money. The trade-off of anak adat status from other than Papuan through buying and selling mechanism rather than using achievement and acknowledgement from the adat community would harm the Papuans. Moreover, this practice has brought detrimental destruction to the socio-cultural values of Papuan adat community. This study is qualitative research that use political approach to observe the local election processes in Papua. We used the criteria of credibility and confirmability to validate the data in our qualitative research.

The Impact of Mobile Money on Perception about Cash and Financial Inclusion: Micro-Level Evidence from Uganda

The debate about the future of cash has recently intensified as technology innovations in the financial sector accelerate digital payments and the creation of new, digital forms of money. Several countries have embraced initiatives towards cashless or cash-light payments. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), mobile money has dominated the list of digital payment innovations. These innovations hold the potential to alter individuals’ behaviour towards cash. Will mobile money render cash less dominant in Africa? Can it promote financial inclusion? We address these questions by exploring individual-level data for Uganda, a country in an African region that pioneered the mobile money revolution in the world. We use the Propensity Score Matching method to robustly compare mobile money users and non-users across various indicators that capture individuals’ perceptions about cash, and the extent to which they remit, save, and borrow money. We present the first evidence that mobile money users, compared to non-users, are more likely to perceive cash as risky and less likely to prefer carrying large amounts of cash. We also confirm that mobile money users are more likely to receive and send remittances, save, and borrow. They also save and borrow larger amounts. The estimation methodology used in the paper, robustness analysis, and a falsification test help reduce potential concerns about selection bias and reverse causality. Two implications emerge from the findings. First, the rapid expansion of fintech technologies in Africa is likely to reduce, although slowly, the demand for and usage of cash over time. Second, the expansion of fintech technologies could help promote financial inclusion in Africa

Analisis Yuridis Tindak Pidana Judi Offline dan Tindak Pidana Judi Online di Kota Kupang

In East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) there are various types of gambling, ranging from offline gambling to online gambling. In the city of Kupang itself there are various kinds of gambling, starting from offline gambling, namely, kuru-kuru or throwing dice, rolling ball, cockfighting or cockfighting and bingo, as well as online gambling which is usually called lottery gambling or white coupons. In short, gambling itself is the action of a person or a number of people in risking a certain amount of money or objects in order to seek profit and includes all kinds of bets in the form of money or objects, either directly or indirectly, such as online payments via online applications or existing online sites to facilitate transaction. This research uses normative legal research methods sourced from data obtained in the form of legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the problems studied. The research results show that the occurrence of gambling in Indonesia to date is one of the factors caused by the weaknesses in the regulations regarding criminal acts of gambling offline and online so that gambling in Indonesia is still very widespread.

Цифровой рубль, его внедрение: правовая природа в контексте частноправового и публично-правового регулирования

The article briefly examines the history of the emergence and development of ideas about the digital ruble in Russia and abroad, its advantages for the modern state. The legal norms that consolidate the introduction of the digital ruble into circulation are analyzed. As a result, it is concluded that two different approaches can be traced in the regulation of the digital ruble by private (civil) and public (financial) law: if the norms of civil law regulate the digital ruble as a kind of non-cash money, then the norms of public law, establishing a special procedure for its circulation, allocate the digital ruble into an independent form of money.

SYARIAH STOCKS: A NORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC LAW AND INVESTMENT PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

Syariah stocks have recently gained attention in the Islamic community, which relies on Shariah principles to guide investment decisions. Islam emphasizes the importance of profitable investments that benefit all parties involved, while prohibiting investments that involve uncertainty or exploitation. This article provides an overview of the position of stock shares in Islamic law. Using a normative legal research method, this study analyzed the relevant Islamic texts, including the Quran, Hadith, and Fatwas issued by scholars. Syariah stocks are specifically designed to meet the requirements of Islamic law, which emphasizes transparency, fairness, and ethics in financial transactions. The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulama Assembly (DSN MUI) issued a Fatwa No. 80/DSN-MUI/III of 2011, outlining the implementation of Islamic principles in equity securities trading. The Fatwa stipulates that the means of payment must be known in terms of amount and form, whether in the form of money or goods, and that there should be no payment in the form of debt. Additionally, the time and place of delivery must be clearly specified based on the agreement between parties. This type of contract involves multiple parties, including banking institutions, and must be conducted in accordance with Islamic principles. The Fatwa has contributed to clarifying the terms of stock trading under Islamic law, providing a framework for Syariah stocks to operate within the boundaries of Islamic law.

AXIOMÁTICA MORTUÁRIA: ENTRE AS FORÇAS PRODUTIVAS EDESTRUTIVAS DO DINHEIRO

This text seeks to address, from the work Capitalism and Schizophrenia, the problem of the historically specific regime of violence of Capital. Since Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari strive to thematize social relations not only in their specifics, but in their differences in nature. Apprehending the form of social relations in their historical specificities implies, therefore, apprehending different regimes of violence from which such social relations are structured. In the case of capitalism, it is a question of apprehending the specific regime of violence of the money form as a social relationship. In this sense, it becomes necessary not only to analyze the relationship between monetary-form and production, the relationship through which money as Capital undertakes its process of objectification, producing the reality on which it is exercised, but also the relationship between monetary-form and anti-production , which reveals how this process of self-objectification of Capital implies a specific relationship between production and death, which is analyzed by Deleuze and Guattari from the concept of anti-production.

A Franciscan Monetary Theory? Alexander Bonini and the Forms of Money at the End of the Middle Ages

ABSTRACT During the commercial revolution of the Middle Ages, the monetisation of economy gave rise to a series of cultural, legal and social challenges to the commonly accepted Aristotelian background. In this dynamic context, new forms of trade and contracts emerged, affecting not only commercial doctrines but also financial theories. In this framework, Franciscan economic speculation played a major role by analysing social realities with an entirely original pragmatism. Through his monetary reflection, Alexander Bonini not only gave a surprising explanation of the ‘forms of money’ but also praised the activity of the money-changers, considering their service (and related costs) fundamental to the realisation of a common benefit. His thought-provoking synthesis introduced many themes of the modern monetary doctrines. The article contains the first English translation of some crucial passages of the Bonini’s treatise On Usury (De Usuris).

The Disruption of Cryptocurrencies as a Method of Payment and Its Implications for the Financial System: Evidence from the United States

In the past decade, the emergence of Blockchain has questioned certain financial institutions. Cryptocurrency upsurge was aimed at conducting financial transactions with more efficiency while being safer, easier, faster, and cheaper. Thus, over-intermediation in finance has been highlighted by Blockchain emergence. Here, a SWOT will be carried out to examine Blockchain and cryptocurrencies, their monetary role, their impact on a financial system based on banking intermediation, and their influence on the future of central banking. About the United States, this paper concludes that cryptocurrencies will eventually spread as a method of payment, which could lead them to be the new form of money under some assumptions. The eventual adoption of blockchain technology by central banks through the introduction of official digital currencies could favor the creation of a more inclusive financial system in the future.

Bursa Efek dalam Perspektif Islam

The term "buying and selling transactions with goods" has been heard by many people and has now developed very rapidly. Even carrying out buying and selling transactions abroad. In addition, buying and selling transactions in the form of money are increasing every year. People are more interested in investing in a company or institution that is equivalent to using the assets they own through capital market intermediaries. At the time of Rasulullah SAW, the name stock exchange had never been heard of. Seeing this does not mean it is haram. Therefore, there are still many scholars who disagree about this matter.

Analisis Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pelaku Usaha Penyedia Sistem Pembayaran Qris (Quick Response Indonesian Standard) berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999

Technological developments have changed the paradigm of payment systems from cash to non-cash, including in the form of electronic money (e-money) and QR-Code. QR-Code has become a popular payment method, especially with the implementation of Quick Response Indonesian Standard (QRIS). However, with technological advances also come new challenges related to legal protection for businesses that provide QRIS payment systems. This paper discusses the urgency of legal protection for business actors providing QRIS payment systems based on Law Number 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In this context, the concepts of freedom of contract, consent, sale and purchase, and consumer protection are elaborated to understand the rights and obligations of the parties in electronic payment transactions. The importance of the application of law as a preventive and repressive measure to prevent and overcome violations is also discussed. In addition, the relationship with Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and the implementation of Bank Indonesia regulations related to QRIS are highlighted in enforcing the rules and ensuring security and legal certainty in electronic payment transactions.

TRADISI SUMBANGAN PADA PESTA PERKAWINAN (Benang tipis antara respon resiprositas, adat - Hutang)

Traditions in society are very different and these activities are not just traditions but have become customs. Even for followers of the Islamic religion, these customs are no longer pure customs but have been decorated with strong religious values. So the sacred value of these traditions is completely different. One of the traditions that already has religious values ​​is Selametan wedding or walimah al ursy. Marriage itself is a life partnership between a man and a woman which is formally confirmed by law, namely juridical and mostly also religious according to the purposes of husband and wife and the law, and is carried out for the duration of his life according to the institution of marriage. To carry out this wedding celebration, relatives and neighbors usually flock to help or contribute in terms of thoughts, energy and logistics. The characteristics of wedding donations are a number of funds and goods in the form of money, gifts and basic necessities such as rice, sugar, cakes and others. Initially, these donations were mutually voluntary, but quite a few people found that the donated items became a deposit or debt. The research method used is normative Islamic law, the data source consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. And in writing this scientific work it can be concluded that the tradition of donation in the Situbondo community is not purely in the form of giving or alms but rather tends towards debt. Because every time you give a donation, it will be recorded and at a later date it will be returned according to the records. Meanwhile, in Islamic law, helping in terms of donating is permissible and even prescribed. However, whether it is called a debt or not depends on the agreement at the beginning.

Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usaha Salad Buah pada Mf Dessert

Income is all income received from other parties in the form of money or goods, as well as industrial output, which is valued based on the current amount of money from these assets. Turnover is one of the company's components and the main objective in preparing the income statement. This research aims to conduct an analysis of fruit salad income at Mf Dessert. Through this careful research and comprehensive literature review, it is hoped that we can provide deeper insight into the income that contributes to Fruit Salad at Mf Dessert and provide recommendations that can help Mf Dessert businesses optimize their business potential. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research show that the average revenue from Mf Dessert is IDR 3,900,000,- per 5 months with production costs incurred of IDR 3,484,873,- per 5 months. The production costs consist of fixed costs of IDR 4,000 per 5 months and variable costs of IDR 3,435,000 per 5 months. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the income earned by fruit salad at Mf Dessert was IDR 415,127 per 5 months. Based on feasibility research on Mf Dessert (R/C Ratio), a value (R/C Ratio) of 1.22 or 1.22 > 1 was obtained, meaning that for every cost incurred Rp. 1, it produces income of Rp. 1.22 so that the revenue is greater than the capital spent. So it can be concluded that the fruit salad at Mf Dessert can be said to be profitable and worth running.

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM'S RESPONSE TO GAMBLING CRIME

Gambling in all its forms is contrary to religious, moral, and societal values, thus posing a threat to the nation and its interests. Gambling is defined as the act of placing a wager on the outcome of a game or event, with the expectation of improving the probability of a favorable result. This outcome is dependent on a number of factors, including chance, which distinguishes it from other forms of betting. Gambling is considered a deliberate criminal activity because those who engage in it are fully aware of the nature of their actions and the consequences they cause. The formulation of the problem is to identify the elements of the crime of gambling. This research is of the normative variety. The results of this study indicate that the elements of the crime of gambling are as follows: a) Game/race. The actions taken are usually in the form of a game or race. Therefore, it is conducted for the sake of leisure or to fill idle time, with the intention of providing entertainment for the mind. This is a reactive act. However, it is not necessary for the perpetrators to be directly involved in the game. They may simply be spectators or individuals who engage in betting on the course of a game or race.b) Fortune: The outcome of the game or race is more dependent on speculative elements, such as chance or luck, than on the skill or strategy of the players.c) In this game or competition, bets are placed by players or bookmakers. These can be in the form of money or other property, including wives. Due to the existence of bets, there are parties who benefit and are disadvantaged. This element is the most important in determining whether an action can be called gambling.

Optimizing Accounting-Based Financial Performance: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and Independent Board Structures in Pakistan

This study investigates the impact of CSR and independent boards on firm performance using the theory of stewardship. The study uses panel data of the top 30 companies listed on the Stock Exchange during the period 2017-23. Data were collected yearly from the publications of the companies, such as balance sheets and other reports. The study finds a positive relationship between independent boards and companies’ performance. It shows the importance of corporate governance for a limited board structure when the members are increased up to the limit the performance of the company is reduced and may be an external member who lacks expertise regarding the company’s internal system. However, the relationship between CSR and company performance is negative. This study indicated in Pakistani's context that the performance of that company will be good, with a fair number of independent members. Because there are fewer rules and regulations to protect investors in Pakistan, independent members work sufficiently in the interest of investors. For companies that make CSR in the form of philanthropic donations or money, their performance is reduced Because CSR does not reach deserved people, and the company does not get any special value in the minds of the public.

Determination of Murabahah Fines at Wates Jaya Phone According to Fatwa DSN MUI No. 17 of 2000

Wates Jaya Phone is one of the Wates Mulyo BUM Desa business units which is engaged in buying and selling smartphones and other electronic equipment, their buying and selling practices are based on sharia. This financing is murabahah which is used as a principle in buying and selling smartphones that are ordered on a firm basis without a down payment with competitive margins. Unfortunately, even though murabahah installment payments are made very easily, there are still customers who deliberately delay payments and cause significant problems for Wates Jaya Phone. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Murabahah transactions and the determination of Murabahah fines on Wates Jaya cell phones according to the MUI DSN Fatwa Number 17 of 2000. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach using literature studies and case studies on Wates Jaya cellphones. The results of this research show that the murabahah contract carried out on Wates Jaya Phone is carried out with a single contract only (according to Islamic rules and legal rules), in contrast to other sharia institutions mentioned in previous research which camouflage murabahah and wakalah contracts, then determine Murabahah Fines on Wates Jaya Phone is also in accordance with the MUI DSN Fatwa Number 17 of 2000, namely the application of fines following the principle of ta'zir/fines in the form of money amounting to 1.5% of the transaction price plus a margin for each month, outside of transaction financing so that customers are more disciplined, in the future fines.

Perceptions of Cryptocurrencies and Modern Money before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland and Germany

Research background: Despite the fact that the issue of private, decentralized digital money (cryptocurrencies) is already quite extensively described in the literature dedicated to the financial system, especially its periphery, there is a deficiency in terms of research on the opinions of participants in the financial system, based on trust in money and its widespread acceptance. International comparative studies are lacking, particularly those conducted before and after the COVID-19 virus pandemic. The pandemic showed that people had significantly changed their willingness to use different forms of money. Being isolated at home and avoiding direct contact with others, people started to use digital money more frequently. Purpose of the article: In response to the identified research gap, this study reports research results on the perception of cryptocurrencies by young financial market participants. It attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: (1) Has the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown of economies caused changes at the international level in perceptions and attitudes toward the traditional monetary system and cryptocurrencies? (2) Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed perceptions of cryptocurrencies as a potential alternative to current fiat money? Methods: To evaluate respondents’ opinions, a survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted. The respondent groups in 2019/2020 were N = 171 (Germany = 143 and Poland = 128), while in 2021, N = 157 (Germany = 95 and Poland = 62). For analytical purposes, statistical analysis using the Z ratio test was used to capture the characteristics of the response distributions and the relationships between them. These two moments in time allowed us to determine whether there were significant changes between opinions before and after COVID-19. Findings & value added: The study’s results showed that while there are significant differences in perceptions of the traditional monetary system and cryptocurrencies due to a variety of factors, the COVID-19 pandemic and the shutdown of economies did not cause statistically significant differences in this regard.

An Assessment of the Nigeria Police Force by Yorùbá Female Novelists: A Sociological Approach

The Nigeria Police Force whose duty is to protect the citizens and also enforce law and order in the society has unfortunately become tainted by corruption and other vices. It is common for police officers to accept bribes, often in form of money, in the course of their duties. For example, if an offender cooperates by bribing the officers, they will escape punishment while an innocent person may be unjustly arrested and subjected to legal actions. Furthermore, Police officers betray one another, extort motorists on highways, supply weapons to criminals and act as godfathers to criminals in a bid to make more money. These among other corrupt practices of the Nigerian Police are well depicted in Yorùbá female novels. While there have been several literary works focused on crime and the Nigeria Police in Yorùbá written literature (poem, drama and prose), none has adequately explored this subject as portrayed by Yorùbá female novelists, hence, the need for this study. Using the Sociological Approach with a focus on seven female authored novels (Ikú Jàre, Kò Jẹ́ Jẹ́ Bẹ́ẹ̀, Kò Sí Látẹ, Fúnminíyì, Awọfẹ́lẹ́ Bonú, Ọ̀tafàsókè 1 and Ọ̀tafàsókè 2), this study examines how female Yorùbá novelists portray the Nigerian Police and their handling of criminal cases in their novels. Findings from this research reveal that Yorùbá female novelists portray the Nigeria Police Force as a rotten agency where majority of the officers are unrepentantly corrupt, with only a few of them exhibiting good character.