Life Forms Research Articles

Advances in adsorption technologies for hexavalent chromium removal: Mechanisms, materials, and optimization strategies

In the realm of environmental engineering and water treatment, significant attention has been devoted to the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) from wastewater. Delving into the mechanisms of adsorption reveals a complex interplay of ion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic interactions dictating the binding of Cr (VI) to various adsorption materials. Utilizing diverse adsorbents like 2-D materials, metal oxides, and bio-based substances is driven by their exceptional absorptive capacity and specificity. Key parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration, and dosage are scrutinized to optimize the efficiency of adsorbent removal and ascertain the absorptive nature of the adsorbate. Beyond natural sources, human activities have exacerbated chromium contamination across ecosystems, posing a threat to food chains due to chromium's non-biodegradable nature and persistence. Chromium affects a wide range of life forms, including humans, aquatic organisms, and terrestrial species, through the accumulation and repercussions of chromium discharge. The leaching of chromium into ground and surface water triggers various health issues such as dermatitis, allergic reactions, skin ulcerations, bronchial carcinoma, asthma, and gastroenteritis. This review intended to list different treatment technologies for chromium removal along with their mechanism. Different types of sensors used for chromium detection have also been explored.

Toxicological evaluation of copper oxide nanoparticles following their intraperitoneal injection to Wistar rats.

Copper oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (CO NPs) are in extensive use during our everyday life as antimicrobial agent, lubricant, in manufacturing electrodes of lithium ion batteries as well as for photo catalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Due to extensive and diverse use Cu2O NPs, they are likely to accumulate in the environment and to affect the live forms. Present investigation was aimed to report the biocompatibility of CO NPs in Wistar rats in sex specific manner. CO NPs, having average diameter of 14.06nm, were synthesized by co-precipitation method and scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction were used for their characterization. For 14 consecutive days, Wistar rats (6weeks old) of both sexes were intraperitoneally injected with 10mg/mL saline/Kg body weight of CO NPs, while the control groups intraperitoneally received saline solution for same duration. Behavioral tests (open field and novel object recognition), complete blood count, selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and Copper concentration in brain and liver were determined in all subjects. High mortality rates [male 40% and female 60%] were observed in rats exposed to CO NPs. A sever decrease in body weight was also observed in both male and female rats exposed to CO NPs. Female rats treated with CO NPs spent significantly more time with novel object as compared to control [P=0.05] during second trial of novel object test. CO NPs treated female rats had higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin [P<0.001] levels and Copper concentration in liver [P=0.04] than control. Male rats exposed to CO NPs had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume [P=0.02] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] [P=0.04] in lungs than their control group. All other studied parameters non significantly varied upon comparison between CO NPs treated and untreated rats of both sex. In conclusion, we are reporting that intraperitoneal injections of CO NPs for 14days can disturb complete blood count and biomarkers of oxidative stress in lungs of Wistar rats.

Comparative biomonitoring of airborne potentially toxic elements using mosses (Hypnum cupressiforme, Brachythecium spp.) and lichen (Evernia prunastri) over remote areas.

The selection of the appropriate biomonitor species is a crucial criterion for biomonitoring on a broad spatial scale. Mosses Hypnum cupressiforme and Brachythecium spp. and lichen Evernia prunastri were sampled at 22 remote sites over Serbia aiming interspecies comparison of their bioconcentration capacities. The concentration of 16 potentially toxic elements (PTEs), Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, V, and Zn, was measured in the samples. Between the co-located mosses, linear regression analysis (type II) showed significant determination coefficients only for a couple of the elements (Cd and S), while for H. cupressiforme vs. lichen, significant regression lines were obtained for a broader set of elements (Ba, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Sr). The ratio of the PTEs in the mosses discovered higher concentrations in H. cupressiforme than in another moss at some sites and vice versa at other sites. According to the PTE ratios, H. cupressiforme accumulated much more element content than the lichen, but followed a similar spatial pattern. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) pointed out a different grouping of the PTEs depending on the species tested. The poor correlation of the moss-moss data is perhaps because several species of the genus Brachythecium were sampled, which possibly influenced the average genus accumulation capacity. In addition, morphological features of the mosses (concave vs. flat leaflets, creeping vs. cushiony life form) presumably delegate differences in PTE accumulation. To conclude, it should be careful with using more biomonitor species, even of the same genus, within the same study.

FloraVeg.EU — An online database of European vegetation, habitats and flora

AbstractThis article describes FloraVeg.EU, a new online database with open‐access information on European vegetation units (phytosociological syntaxa), vegetated habitats, and plant taxa. It consists of three modules. (1) The Vegetation module includes 149 phytosociological classes, 378 orders and 1305 alliances of an updated version of the EuroVegChecklist modified based on the decisions of the European Vegetation Classification Committee. Vegetation units dominated by vascular plants are characterized by country‐based distribution maps and data on the dominant life forms, phenology, soil properties, relationships to vegetation regions, elevational vegetation belts and azonal habitats, successional status, and degree of naturalness. A list of diagnostic taxa is also provided for each class. (2) The Habitats module includes vascular‐plant‐dominated terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitat types from the first to the third or fourth highest hierarchical levels of the EUNIS classification. Of these, 249 vegetated habitats are characterized by a brief description, a point‐based distribution map, diagnostic, constant, and dominant taxa, and a list of the corresponding alliances. (3) The Species module provides information on 37 characteristics of European vascular plant species and some infrageneric or infraspecific taxa, including functional traits (habitus and growth type, leaf, flower, fruit and seed traits, and trophic mode), taxon origin (native vs alien), and ecological information (environmental relationships, Ellenberg‐type indicator values, disturbance indicator values, and relationships to vegetation units and habitat types). Values for at least three variables are available for 36,404 species. Individual taxa, vegetation units, and habitats in these three modules are illustrated by more than 34,000 photographs. The Download section of FloraVeg.EU provides open‐access data sets in a spreadsheet format that can be used for analyses. FloraVeg.EU is a new resource with easily accessible data that can be used for research in vegetation science, ecology, and biogeography, as well as for education and conservation applications.

Metabolic and Immune Systems Are the Primary Tenets of Biological Life

A theory is much broader than a hypothesis or a conjecture if it can provide explanations for a wide range of observations while remaining robust to challenges through experimentation. There is a paucity of such theories in biology. The main motivation behind this research was to propose a broad theory of biological life and to explore whether it can be used as a framework for understanding health and disease conditions. A conceptual and theoretical approach was followed for this purpose. Extensive exploration and analysis of the biomedical literature in a non-systematic but purposeful manner were undertaken. They were then extrapolated using a top-down approach to identify the fundamental systems mediating life processes. Two attributes must exist for the survival of any biological life form, including the ability to grow and the ability to self-protect. These two functions are performed by the metabolic system and immune system, respectively. It is proposed that all other processes and every entity in a life form are involved in conducting these two fundamental functions. It is inferred that both of these functions exhibit the universal characteristics of duality and complementarity, features that cut across disciplines. A given life form may thus be biased toward one of the two processes mediated by the immune system and metabolic system at different stages in its life history. Identifying factors that confer bias might provide a better understanding of biology with direct implications for medicine. It is proposed that life and disease could be the result of the interplay of immune and metabolic systems acting complementarily. Other physiological systems lend support to the balancing act between the immune and metabolic systems in a biological life form.

Miasma as Earthquake Impact Depicted in Ambon Manuscript: A Disaster Semiotic Perspective

This study aims to explore the concept of miasma and the spiritual implications of earthquakes as depicted in the Naskah Cerita Gempa (The Story of Earthquake) manuscript found in Ambon, “The Story of Earthquake” is a manuscript from the collection of Husain Hatuwe. It is cataloged in both the Ambon Manuscript Catalog and the Religious Catalog of the Makassar Research and Development Center, under the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The manuscript has been digitized through a collaborative effort between the Pernaskahan Nusantara Foundation and the Faculty of Cultural Sciences at the University of Indonesia, in partnership with the Endangered Archives Programme (EAP) of the British Library. The digitized version of “The Story of Earthquake” manuscript can be accessed online via the EAP British Library’s website using the code EAP276/7/10. This study employs a textual analysis adopting Han-Liang Chang’s disaster semiotics methodology which categorizes disasters into three phases: natural events, interpretations and effects. The findings of this study reveal that natural events, in the form of weather changes associated with miasma, have a significant impact on all forms of life, including animals, plants and humans. These changes lead to damage and death, prompting individuals to seek protection. This research underscores the profound spiritual and physical effects of natural disasters as interpreted through the lens of the Naskah Cerita Gempa manuscript.

칸트 선험적 인식론에 대한 듀이의 비판 일고찰

I. Kant’s transcendental epistemology is known to suppose dualistic thinking in that it attempted to explain knowledge as a synthesis of the subject and its object in an ‘external’ relationship, and as a synthesis of Thing-in-itself and phenomenon. According to J. Dewey, in order to overcome this epistemological dualism, we must understand our reason as an organic concept, and the subject and its object must be understood as parts inseparably connected to the organism. Dewey’s experimental theory of knowledge is based on this concept of reason and explains knowledge through the activity of reason, that is, ‘inquiry’ (thinking, reflection). According to Dewey’s theory, knowledge is established in the functional relationships between ‘concepts’(hypotheses) and ‘facts’(results) as key elements of the process of inquiry, and in this case the validity of knowledge is not depend on the foundation of certainty as Thing-in-itself but on the security of those functional relationships. However, Dewey’s functionalist way of thinking falls short in correctly establishing the validity of knowledge. According to D. W. Hamlyn, the validity of knowledge cannot be explained without agreement in judgment with other peoples, and therefore agreement in forms of life is an indispensable condition for elucidating the objectivity and truth of knowledge. In light of Hamlyn’s opinion, unlike Dewey’s criticism of Kant, the transcendental concepts and Thing-in-itself in Kant’s epistemology can be reinterpreted in relation to forms of life.

Floristic Inventory, Diversity, and Community Structure of the Riparian and Coastal Sand Dune Landscapes in the Lower Padsan River Basin, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Padsan River basin, the largest river system in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, encompasses two vital ecological landscapes: coastal sand dunes and riparian areas. Despite its ecological importance, the floristic diversity of these landscapes still needs to be better understood and documented. A vegetation assessment was conducted to characterize the composition, diversity, and community structure of plants in the lower Padsan River landscapes. Eighteen 10 m x 10 m nested quadrats were established across six sampling stations. The study recorded 82 species of vascular plants from 80 genera and 41 families. Fifty-two percent are introduced species, 48% are native species, and 27% are invasive species. The plant life forms are composed of trees (34 spp.), herbs (17 spp.), vines (13 spp.) and grasses (9 spp.). Fabaceae and poaceae were the most species-rich plant families. Prosopis juliflora (Candaroma) was the most dominant tree species, comprising 29% of the entire population. The lower Padsan River basin landscapes exhibits moderate tree diversity (H’ = 2.7), with Shannon diversity indices ranging from 0.89 to 2.43 across sampling locations. The riparian areas showed higher tree Shannon diversity, richness, and evenness, while the coastal sand dune areas had higher tree dominance but lower Shannon diversity. The plant community structure varies between the two types of ecological landscapes (ANOSIM Global R=0.7, p&lt;0.05). P. juliflora dominates the coastal sand dune, while a mix of the Leucaena-Pithecellobium-Terminalia community characterizes the riparian area. This study provides essential baseline information on the floristic diversity and community structure, serving as a foundation for developing an integrated river management plan and strategies for conserving important ecological landscapes in the downstream section of the Padsan River Basin.

Nature Speaks: Agency and Environment in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road

This study explores the linguistic strategies in Ben Okri’s “The Famished Road” to construct ecological interdependencies and agency in the novel. Employing systemic functional linguistics and ecolinguistic analysis, the study examines how Okri’s linguistic strategies elevate the agency of non-human elements, representing them as vibrant and willful participants within their ecosystem. The purpose of this analysis is to understand how language in “The Famished Road” conveys agency and a symbiotic relationship between humans and non-human elements, thereby addressing broader ecological and environmental concerns. Employing an ecolinguistic analysis, the research examines linguistic portrayals that challenge anthropocentric views and emphasize respect for nature. Results show that the novel frames nature and non-human entities as vibrant, active participants, influencing ecological consciousness and fostering ethical considerations towards the environment. This study concludes that Ben Okri’s ‘The Famished Road’, through its unique linguistic strategies, reflects and advocates for a symbiotic relationship between all life forms, highlighting the potential of literary works to contribute to environmental advocacy and consciousness. This analysis adds depth to our understanding of language’s role in ecological literature and encourages further exploration into how textual practices can influence ecological and ethical perceptions.

Alleviation of hexavalent chromium induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster using leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Bacopa monnieri

Aim: The present study assessed the potential of Moringa oleifera and Bacopa monnieri leaf extracts in amelioration of Cr (VI) induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Methodology: The 96 hr lethal dose (LD50) of chromium was determined by exposing flies to varied doses (10, 20, 30,40,50,60 mg kg-1) of Cr (VI) through diet. Later, flies were exposed to 0, 30 and 50 mg kg-1 of Cr and treated with leaf extracts to evaluate their alleviating effect on lipid peroxidation, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. In silico studies analyzed the binding pattern of potential bioactive compounds in leaf extracts to the proposed target proteins. Results: LD50 was 50 mg kg-1 obtained through. The lipid peroxidation increased 2 folds with increase in Cr (VI), however, on treatment concentration with leaf extracts it decreased 1.5 times. While glutathione-s-transferase activity was reduced by 50% in Cr (VI) treated flies, the activity significantly increased by 66% and 76% after treatment with Bacopa and Moringa leaf extracts. Catalase activity showed 50% decrease in the flies treated with Cr (VI), while combined treatment of Cr (VI) and leaf extracts showed a significant increase (1.5 times) in catalase activity suggesting recovery. Molecular docking studies on the active phytochemicals of leaf extracts demonstrated their antioxidant potential on par with taurine (ligand), a known antioxidant. Interpretation: The leaf extracts significantly alleviated the Cr (VI) induced oxidative stress, promising a natural therapy to overcome the harmful effects of Cr (VI) exposure in life forms. Key words: Bacopa monneiri, Chromium toxicity, Drosophila melanogaster, Moringa oleifera, Oxidative stress

PET PARADISE : PET LOVERS HAVEN

Abstract: This paper explores the business strategies of the pet industry under the Internet economy from the perspective of service design, so as to improve the service quality, customer satisfaction, user experience and competitiveness of the pet industry. Based on the characteristics of the Internet economy era, this paper elaborates its concept, meaning and value, and discusses the development status of online pet transaction and the development trend of the industry. Combining with the design of a pet APP, an online and offline mutual complementary network platform is established. By constructing a map of target users, discovering key touch points in the service process, and creating usage “scenarios”, a relatively complete service chain can be formed, and pets can be integrated into the value form of personal life. Keyword: Html ,Css, Javascript, React js, Mongo db

Pengaruh penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum dalam pembuatan mie kering berbahan rambut jagung manis (Zea mays var. Saccharata)

Rambut jagung manis is one of the agricultural waste products that is still minimally processed. One form of processed rambut jagung manis as a basic ingredient for making dry noodles. However, the resulting noodle product has a weakness in the form of a short shelf life due to the presence of spoilage fungi such as mold. Therefore, efforts need to be made to reduce the amount of mold by adding Lactic Acid Bacteria (L. plantarum). The method used in this research was an experimental method with a completely randomized factorial design (RALF), namely factor I L. plantarum concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% (v/v)) and factor II storage time (0 days, 5 days, and 10 days) with 3 repetitions, so that 36 experimental units were obtained. The parameters measured in this study were the degree of acidity (pH), mold numbers, and nutritional value. The results showed that the average mold number at T0 was 3.40 ± 0.109 in dry noodles made from corn silk which were fermented without adding L. plantarum. Meanwhile at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively as follows 3.24 ± 0.174; 3.30±0.240; and 3.34 ± 0.000. Mold content (Aspergillus sp.). Nutrient content tests after storage on the 10th day (T2) in L. plantarum concentration treatments of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% showed protein levels of 16.05%; 18.13%; 20.04%; and 20.36% bw and glucose levels respectively 78.87%; 83.16%; 81.56%; and 78.84%. The numerical value of yeast mold population in mie from rambut jagung during storage can be reduced and the protein content increases so that the addition of L. plantarum can be used as food biopreservative.

Advancing the dominance of winter annuals under changing rainfall patterns in a temperate desert of Central Asia

Understanding how climate change-induced alterations in rainfall patterns impact the composition and structure of plant diversity is crucial. Examining variations in plant life forms is vital for comprehending ecosystem dynamics. This study analyzes plant life form diversity, rainfall variability, and the impact of different rainfall patterns on plant diversity over 15 years in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, a temperate desert in Central Asia. The study identified 96 plant species in the area, comprising 27 winter annuals and 33 perennial herbs. Over the past 15 years, species diversity has remained stable, while diversity among plant life forms has varied significantly. Winter annuals consistently dominated, showing a significant linear increase in importance values (slope=1.135). Conversely, perennial shrubs like Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum exhibited a marked declining trend. Over the past 15 years, the occurrence of minor (<1 mm) and moderate (1–5 mm) rainfall during the spring and autumn seasons initially rose and subsequently fell. Concurrently, heavy rainfall events (≥5 mm) in spring have waned, showing notable yearly fluctuations. The frequency of heavy autumnal downpours has remained steady, with consistent interannual variations. Minor rainfall events primarily influenced winter annuals and perennial herbs during the spring and autumn, whereas heavy rainfall mainly affected perennial shrubs during these seasons. Our investigations suggest that winter annuals, despite their expanding presence, are ineffective in their ecological functions such as dune stabilization and reducing aeolian erosion in the peak summer months. In contrast, perennial shrubs like H. ammodendron and H. persicum, crucial for these roles, are markedly declining. The variable plant life forms might lead to modifications in the ecological roles of the region, thereby rendering it imperative to persistently observe this desert and proactively formulate conservation strategies for the vegetation.

How Live Marketing Affects Green Purchase in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?

ABSTRACT With the rise of artificial intelligence and the public’s attention to environmental issues, live online promotion of green products has become a new marketing method. It has become a key issue for enterprises to choose the appropriate information framework to motivate consumers’ green purchasing behavior through different forms of live broadcasting. Combined with laboratory experiments, this study analyses the interaction between the type of live streaming and message framing on green purchase intention based on explanation level theory. Three experiments results show that using loss-framing message real anchors are more likely to promote consumers’ green purchase intentions, and AI anchors are more suitable for using gain frames. Besides, consumer innovativeness moderates the influence of message framing and live streaming form on green purchase intention, and green perceived value plays a mediating role in this process. Our findings can not only guide the formulation of enterprise marketing strategy, but also provide countermeasures and suggestions for the future development of live marketing.

Technomolecular flows in coastal cities: an anthropological approach to new materialist ethics of the anthropogenic microscale

Urban life is crisscrossed and affected by events and matter in various scales, of which the microscopic has been only partly addressed in scholarship and policymaking. In this article, I propose that it is urgent to incorporate new materialist ethics for a better urban governance of technomolecular flows, that is the multiple ways anthropogenically induced microscopic elements are affecting cities. Chemicals, minerals, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and other forms of life and matter affect human and environmental health as well as the shape and materials of the built environment. Coastal cities are particularly prone to such flows of chemical-, mineral- and bio-materials because of their location between sea and land. Existing legal and institutional frameworks tend to lag behind the uses of microscopic elements by industry and urban dwellers. A new materialist ethics would help rethink institutional architectures and responses to existing entanglements and the emerging risks they pose.

Competition and perspectives of protein-carbon and specific inorganic ecosystems on Earth

The article presents in a parametric comparison the state and development of two ecosystems, one of which is based on carbonaceous life forms, and the second – on metalloid and metallic elements available on the planet and at the disposal of man. It is possible to come to a hypothetical assumption about possible competition between these systems within the selected parameters. Well-known studies unbiasedly confirm the possibilities for such competition. Our research is based on the ergatic «human-machine» system as one that contains two main elements of the ecosystems under study. The proposed parametric model, reflecting the main mutual competitive functions of man and «machine» – reduced power, conditional indicators of intelligence in the chronological aspect, made it possible to assess both their real and potential capabilities and draw conclusions about the prospects of these two conditional ecosystems. One of the conclusions of such studies was a non-trivial thesis about the possible intermediate state of man in the long-term evolutionary development of the mind on the planet. and that he is beginning to lose competition with the specific forms of the inorganic world he has created. The arguments are comparative data: life expectancy, the ability to irrational self-elimination, methods of reproduction, the ability to develop the mind and memory, the causes of environmental degradation and its impact on humans, changes in the motivation of human life, the programmed rejection of the natural protein-carbon environment in favor of an unnatural specialized inorganic world. Logic dictates that perhaps man is not the most ideal evolutionary creation in nature, because it is already becoming clear that in addition to carbon, but with the help of man, other forms of intelligence and consciousness are possible even on Earth itself. It is shown that specific forms of inorganic matter, with a vector of development towards artificial intelligence, are protected from the main disadvantage of humans – a short life cycle and the ability to self-destruct. The modern evolutionary vector is not its last stage, it is aimed at the development of specific forms of the inorganic world, which at a certain time will be capable of activity in parallel with man, but no less effective

An interstrand DNA crosslink glycosylase aids Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis

Maintenance of DNA integrity is essential to all forms of life. DNA damage generated by reaction with genotoxic chemicals results in deleterious mutations, genome instability, and cell death. Pathogenic bacteria encounter several genotoxic agents during infection. In keeping with this, the loss of DNA repair networks results in virulence attenuation in several bacterial species. Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are a type of DNA lesion formed by covalent linkage of opposing DNA strands and are particularly toxic as they interfere with replication and transcription. Bacteria have evolved specialized DNA glycosylases that unhook ICLs, thereby initiating their repair. In this study, we describe AlkX, a DNA glycosylase encoded by the multidrug resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. AlkX exhibits ICL unhooking activity similar to that of its Escherichia coli homolog YcaQ. Interrogation of the in vivo role of AlkX revealed that its loss sensitizes cells to DNA crosslinking and impairs A. baumannii colonization of the lungs and dissemination to distal tissues during pneumonia. These results suggest that AlkX participates in A. baumannii pathogenesis and protects the bacterium from stress conditions encountered in vivo. Consistent with this, we found that acidic pH, an environment encountered during host colonization, results in A. baumannii DNA damage and that alkX is induced by, and contributes to, defense against acidic conditions. Collectively, these studies reveal functions for a recently described class of proteins encoded in a broad range of pathogenic bacterial species.

Diversity and Structure of Khaya Senegalensis (desr.) A.Juss Habitats Along Phytogeographical Zones in Chad (Central Africa)

In Chad, the species of Khaya senegalensis is commonly used by the local communities to treat several diseases such as malaria, fever and cough. However, the species is facing the greatest threat for the survival due to its exploitation as timber. The species is on the IUCN red list with endangered status locally. Thus, this study assessed the population structure and ecological indicators of vegetation in three climatic zones dominated by Khaya senegalensis in Chad as a basis for sustainable management and conservation strategies. A total of 88 plots (30 m x 30 m) were used in three phytogeographical zones for data collection. The structural parameters (tree density, basal area) and ecological indicators (specific richness, Shannon diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index, importance value index) were assessed for all tree species and for Khaya senegalensis following a climatic gradient. A number of 300 tree species belonging to 66 families, 11 life form and 14 chorological types were inventoried. K. senegaleensis had the highest significance value index across all three climate zones. In terms of vegetation characteristic, Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones were similar against Sudano-Sahelian zone which was different. These results should be fundamental for the conservation and sustainable management of K. senegalensis and its habitats specially in Chad. Likely, the findings contribute to knowledge addition for the species conservation. However, the methodological limitations related to sampling should not be obscured. Therefore, the species’ abundance areas were randomly identified while plots were placed stratified.

Потенциал биоразложения пластика базидиальными грибами и актинобактериями (обзор)

With the ever-increasing production and consumption of plastics, inadequate management of plastic waste and its improper disposal pose a significant threat to the environment, affecting all forms of life, natural ecosystems and economies worldwide. In the face of this threat the search for alternative environmentally friendly solutions such as biodegradation instead of traditional recycling is of paramount importance. Currently knowledge about the mechanisms and effectiveness of plastics biodegradation is focused mainly on such groups of microorganisms as Gram-negative bacteria and fungi ascomycetes. The aim of this review is to highlight the ideas available in the literature about the potential decomposition of the most common plastic waste (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane) as a result of biotic processes. Basidial fungi and actinobacteria have not yet found practical application in the technologies of processing and utilization of synthetic plastics. We discuss the ability of specific representatives of the two above taxonomic groups to decompose various synthetic polymers. The unique strategies of basidial fungi such as a powerful enzymatic system, the ability to absorb and produce natural biosurfactants – hydrophobins, allowed fungi to use plastics as a source of carbon and energy are considered. The possible contribution of mainly thermophilic actinobacteria of the genera Thermobifida, Thermoactinomyces, Thermomonospora, Saccharomonospora, Actinomadura, Microbispora and Streptomyces in improving the plastic waste disposal in order to create effective and sustainable plastic management practices has been characterized.

A preliminary study of the pteridophytes, gymnosperms, And monocotyledons in the chapainawabganj district's flora of bangladesh

This study demonstrates that the vascular flora (Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons) of the Chapainawabganj district area consists of 247 species with two subspecies under 126 genera and 35 families. The pteridophytes and gymnosperms are represented by 19 and four species, respectively, whereas the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) are represented by 224 species. Poaceae, with 91 species, representing 36.84% of the flora, appears to be the largest family, followed by Cyperaceae 32, Araceae 19, Asparagaceae 12, and Arecaceae 11, which collectively constitute ca. 30% of this flora. Cyperus, comprising 18 species, is recorded as the largest genus, followed by Fimbristylis, Digitaria, Panicum, Bambusa, Urochloa, Dracaena, and Dioscorea. About 87.55% of this flora’s taxa are herbs, 4.42% are palms, 3.61% are shrubs, and the rest are bamboos and trees. Erect herbs, forming 61.04% of the flora, comprise the most common life form. In this flora, almost 74.30% of the taxa are native, and the rest, 25.70%, are exotic. It is found that nearly 74.70% of the taxa are wild, 14.06% are planted, and 11.24% are cultivated. About 23.29% of taxa commonly occur throughout all upazilas in this district. Most of the species are harboured in fallow lands, roadsides, gardens, and homesteads. All species of this district's flora are known to be economically useful. Most of its habitats and ecosystems are exposed to different threats. Adequate measures with effective management plans should be adopted and implemented for the sustainable use, improvement, and conservation of this precious flora. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 31(1): 83-99, 2024 (June)