Form Of Inquiry Research Articles

KISA ÇOK BOYUTLU YAŞAM TARZI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ - İZOLASYON ÖLÇEĞİ TÜRKÇE FORMU: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Short Multidimensional Lifestyle Assessment-Isolation (SMILE-C) Questionnaire, which was developed to evaluate lifestyle multidimensionally during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the Turkish sample.
 Method: The research was carried out 345 university students who were able to actively access the internet between April 2021 and February 2022. Participants filled in the inquiry forms sent to them online. Lifestyle changes during the closure period within 1 year from the first date of the virus in Turkey were evaluated with SMILE-C. The construct validity was evaluated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, internal consistency with Cronbach's α coefficient, and test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient. The Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II (HPLP-II) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to assess criterion validity.
 Results: Cronbach’s α was 0.74 and ICC2.1 was 0.86. The EFA showed a six-factor model and four items loaded on more than one factor. The fit index values confirmed a good fit (Root mean square error of approximation=0.052; Goodness of fit index=0.940; Adjusted goodness of fit index=0.914; Comparative fit index=0.924; Normed fit index=0.901). Statistically significant and positive correlations were found between SMILE-C total score and HPLP-II total score and all sub-dimensions (p

Transforming the print media business in the digital age

Background: Building a digital marketplace is one of the most important things a company must do if it wants to dominate. Businesses that can survive in the digital age will have the power of digital at their fingertips. This includes, but is not limited to, Media Companies.
 Purpose: this study aims to provide an overview of the existing phenomena of franchiseglobal.com business strategy in transforming its print media.
 Design and methods: This research uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The method of collecting data and information is interview. The data analysis method is descriptive analysis.
 Results: FranchiseGlobal.com, as an online media portal focused on franchising, licensing and partnership companies, is implementing a digital branding strategy using the digital branding triangle concept with a focus on SEO, social media and website development. FranchiseGlobal.com is attracting an increasing number of visitors (prospective franchise buyers) to its website, namely more than 100,000 monthly visitors or more than 1.2 million per year and 1,460 inquiry forms (business interest forms) in the past year. FranchiseGlobal.com's digital marketing strategy has the involvement of the company's entire management team and teams from different parts of the company. In order to determine the direction of the company, the strategy also uses the marketing mix theory and SWOT analysis.

Rabies experts on demand: A cross-sectional study describing the use of a rabies telehealth service.

Rabies expert on demand (REOD) telehealth service is provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assist public health practitioners, health providers, and the public to interpret national and international rabies prevention guidelines. REOD is staffed by subject matter experts of the CDC Poxvirus and Rabies Branch to assess each unique situation and provide evidence-based guidance to stakeholders. This study aims to describe the utilization of a rabies telehealth system and provide insight into common consultations. A cross-sectional study of the nature of inquiries to REOD was done using the data collected from September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2021. An inquiry tracking form and Microsoft Access database were developed to document all inquiries received. Inquired ones were summarized to determine the frequency of inquiries by month, category, and location. Over a 49-month period, REOD received 5228 inquiries. Peak inquiries (n = 108) occurred during August 2019. The most frequent inquiries received pertained to risk assessment and management of rabies exposures (n = 1109), requests for testing assistance (n = 912), consultation for suspected human rabies (n = 746), rabies exposures and post-bite treatment occurring internationally (n = 310), and consultation for deviations in the recommended pre- and postexposure prophylaxis regimen (n = 300). REOD is a global resource for consultation related to managing rabies exposures, diagnostic issues, and rabies control strategies. REOD is a regularly utilized CDC service, as the demand for up-to-date rabies guidance remains high. REOD fulfills a critical role for the interpretation and consultation on rabies prevention guidelines to stakeholder.

Leadership learning design principles: Co-creating dialogic and critical pedagogy within cohort and community contexts

The purpose of this paper is to share our pedagogical evolution as graduate faculty in relationship with increasingly diverse cohort communities of early childhood professionals learning across the landscape of leadership roles engaged with young children, families, and other adults. The early childhood leadership program described in this paper offers a graduate certificate where annually, a cohort of 18-22 early childhood professionals from across Colorado in the United States learn together for 13 months. As faculty, we share a strong commitment to both learning about our teaching and to inviting student voices, the early childhood professionals, through dialogic processes in participatory study as we co-learn and grow our practices of learning and teaching. This paper introduces and explores four leadership learning design principles: (1) identity and agency, (2) socially constructed pedagogy, (3) contextually relevant learning experience, and (4) appreciative stance. As we go, the story will unfold around how we engaged cohort members of the 2019-2020 program year through initial survey reflections and then deepening our shared understanding of these leadership learning design principles through iterations of dialogue after the program was concluded. We end the paper with reflections on how this process of study has ultimately brought us to an awareness and eagerness to engage in relational forms of inquiry, placing student voices at the center with even more intention and depth.

The nano-micellar curcumin improves International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the main prevalent disorder in men over forty years, usually revealing itself with lower urinary tract symptoms. Despite the existence of different treatments, the incidence of BPH is increasing, so further studies for better management are a necessity. This research was designed to assay the effectiveness of nano-micellar curcumin on biomedical indicators of patients with BPH. The present research was a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial that enrolled fifty-two patients with BPH between June 2021 and December 2021. Participants were randomized to receive 160mg/d nano-micellar curcumin (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26) as soft gel during 3months. Primary end point was changes in International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). Data gathering was occurred using a standard inquiry form and measuring other biomedical parameters based on routine laboratory techniques. To compare the distribution of demographics and covariates, independent t-test and Chi-square were used. Nano-micellar curcumin had significant effect on IPSS (p value: 0.010), low effect on high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p value: 0.032), and low to intermediate effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) (p value: 0.014) level as secondary end points after the intervention. The effect of nano-micellar curcumin on other parameters was negligible. Overall, this trial indicated 3-month intake of nano-micellar curcumin had considerable effects on IPSS as the most common clinical symptom and also two biomedical parameters including serum hs-CRP and MDA. http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20170430033730N3.

Transformative Education, Participative Black Theology and the Challenge of Making a Difference

This paper explores the critical intersection of transformative pedagogies, especially the work of Paulo Freire and Augusto Boal, as it encounters Black theology. The nexus of these epistemological frameworks is then reflected on further, in order that a Black participative mode of theological reflection can be explicated as a newer, more critical form of intellectual enquiry. The development of this work, I argue, can then be used as a means of improving the praxiological intent of Practical theology in South Africa. In the final part of the paper, I outline how South African Practical theologians have responded to the radical intent I am outlining in this article.

Lear on Irony and Socratic Method

In “The Socratic Method and Psychoanalysis,” Jonathan Lear argues that Socrates' conversations seek to draw out an irony that exists within human virtue. In this commentary, I suggest that Lear should identify irony with aporia to align his interpretation with Plato’s texts and capture the epistemic dimension of Socrates' method. The Socratic dialogue is a form of inquiry that encourages the interlocutor to carry on the inquiry. The irony of aporia is that the interlocutor grasps his life’s principle by recognising that he does not know what it is.

Christian Philosophy facing Naturalism

The dispute between naturalism and anti-naturalism has been underway almost since the very beginnings of philosophy. Christian thinkers, by proclaiming that God as Creator transcends the reality He has created, and that human beings as persons transcend the material world, have entered this dispute on the anti-naturalist side. The contemporary dominance in culture of the naturalistic paradigm requires Christian philosophy to reflect on naturalism in the broadest sense (in its various forms), together with its conditions and consequences, and to rethink its relationship to this philosophical tradition. Naturalism rejects the possibility of something existing, being known, or being explained that is separate from the material reality given in empirical cognition. Along with this, it denies human beings transcendence with respect to the natural or social world. In its contemporary iteration, this tradition appeals to the solutions and methods of domain-specific forms of scientific inquiry, relying on them for its own authority. For Christian philosophy, naturalism represents a powerful challenge. It is possible to see in it a threat to Christian philosophy, but it is also possible to discern in it an opportunity for a more critical evaluation of Christian philosophy’s previous solutions, and an opportunity to develop new ones. There is a need for a better understanding of naturalism itself, as well as of what the various domain-specific sciences (including the natural and social sciences, as well as the humanities and, currently, neuroscientific research in particular) have to say about the world and about human beings. Systematic and historico-philosophical questions equally still call for debate – in relation to the centuries-old dispute between naturalism and anti-naturalism, as well as the changing place of Christian thought within it. In our own time, one can witness diverse attempts by Christian thinkers both to critically discuss naturalistic positions and to implement naturalistic approaches or solutions within Christian thought itself. Certainly, the latter cannot ignore the fact that naturalism allows philosophy to maintain cognitive contact with domain-specific forms of scientific inquiry. The organizers plan to conduct this conference in hybrid mode, combining both online and onsite elements. This model will allow all interested persons to participate, while also offering those wishing to actually come to Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow the possibility of doing so.

Bringing the arts into socio‐ecological research: An analysis of the barriers and opportunities to collaboration across the divide

Abstract Socio‐ecological research collaborations between artists, natural and social scientists, and with the humanities more broadly, have increased significantly in recent years. This has been aided by increased investment by funding bodies such as UK Research and Innovation and others internationally in projects designed to encourage cross‐disciplinary partnerships. Within socio‐ecological research and beyond it, despite some success stories, there is still a lack of awareness in ‘the sciences’ regarding how ‘the arts’ undertake their own forms of enquiry into the world. Further, different terminology and language used by different disciplines can cause confusion and misunderstanding, potentially leading to a reluctance to work collaboratively. In this paper, we discuss diversity within the arts as a discipline and seek to clarify various terminologies being used in both the arts and sciences to characterise joint working in research projects. Drawing on a series of semi‐structured interviews and a workshop with artists and natural and social scientists with experience of collaboration in socio‐ecological research, we compare understandings and expectations and reflect on the implications for funding bodies, institutions, artists and scientists which are widely applicable across different research contexts. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Team-based infection preventionist review improves interrater reliability in identification of hospital-acquired infections

Background: The University of Colorado Health (UCHealth) metropolitan region is composed of 4 hospitals. Therein, 10 infection preventionists (IPs) retrospectively review all cases of potential central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and surgical site infection (SSI) to adjudicate whether each case meets the NHSN definitions for hospital-acquired infection (HAI). In August 2021, the UCHealth IP team structure transitioned from a subject-matter expert model (in which each IP reviewed a specific HAI) to a unit-based model (in which each IP reviewed all HAIs and SSIs on their assigned units) to create redundancy in knowledge and skill. The IP team subsequently instituted a weekly meeting to review all potential cases of HAI. We hypothesized that this review structure would result in increased consistency in the application of NHSN definitions across the UCHealth hospitals and units. Methods: From August 17, 2022, through March 3, 2023, the UCHealth IPs, managers, and medical directors met weekly for 1 hour via teleconferencing. Each IP presented key details for all near-miss and confirmed cases of SSI or HAI on their respective units and received questions and feedback from their peers and medical directors. Case determination was based on team discussion and consensus. If there was discordance in the interpretation of an NHSN case definition, a formal inquiry was sent to resolve the uncertainty. The number of cases reviewed, case determinations changed, and formal inquiries to NHSN were tracked. Results: During the study period, the IP team convened weekly meetings and reviewed 248 patient cases—of which 208 (83.9%) were confirmed HAIs. Based on collaborative team discussion, 14 cases (5.6%) were changed from reportable to nonreportable. Three cases (1.2%) originally thought to be nonreportable were changed to reportable. The HAI determination of a reportable case (eg, revision of a “superficial” SSI to “deep” SSI) was changed for 9 (6.0%). Following team discussion, 13 formal inquiries were sent to the NHSN to clarify case definitions, and these responses were collated for future reference. Conclusions: Team-based IP review of HAI cases improves consistency in application of NHSN case definitions and highlights areas of uncertainty in their interpretation. This team-based model of case review is a useful educational and practical tool to increase interrater reliability in case adjudication across large teams of IPs, to create a systematic way to query NHSN, and to ensure that knowledge gained is disseminated for future benefit.Disclosures: None

The Epistemic Case for Sci-Art: Toward a Posthuman Praxis

AbstractThis article seeks to strengthen the epistemic case for sci-art by demonstrating how partnerships across paradigms can combine methodologies rooted in multiple knowledge traditions. Drawing on Robin Nelson’s multimodal conceptualization of artistic research and Bruno Latour’s model of science as a circulatory system of heterogeneous human and nonhuman phenomena, the author characterizes sci-art as a form of posthuman praxis, which opens new epistemic positions through transversal forms of inquiry, thereby revealing shared human/nonhuman cultures. Sci-art is thus proposed as a means of drawing together humans and nonhumans into more productive, empathic associations.

Socratic Questioning Sebagai Solusi Masalah Waswas: Pendekatan Hadis Terpilih

Several hadiths reported by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ contain several questions and answers about a topic. It discusses a lot about all the issues that occur, as well as answers to the issues that are provided. However, questions and answers from hadiths on mental issues have long been employed as one of the therapies used by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists today, known as Socratic inquiry. This technique is significant in the process of mental health therapy, particularly for waswas or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as for other mental disorders such as anxiety disorder. Based on a knowledge of Hadith jurisprudence, the purpose of this research is to compile those hadiths linked to waswas that contain features of Socratic inquiry. A total of four hadiths have been recognised as being associated with misgiving and the use of Socratic inquiry as a problem-solving technique. As a result, three forms of Socratic inquiry have been developed based on four hadiths linked to misgiving, namely Questions of Clarification, Questions About the Question, and Questions that Probe Assumptions. This study is anticipated to emphasise the chosen hadith method as one component of treatment in mental health, specifically the waswas issue.

Competition and Collaboration in Higher Education: An (Auto)Ethnographic Poetic Inquiry

Higher education is in flux with more precarity, a stronger focus on effectiveness, and productivity having resulted in a competitive and hostile culture. For this article, we take a proactive approach to counteract the narrative of silencing by exploring the opportunities collaboration may afford. Drawing on our personal experiences, professional knowledge, and research, we engaged in a collaborative form of poetic inquiry. Our contribution in this article lies with the links we make between collaboration, creativity through autoethnographic poetic inquiry, and translanguaging. This approach constitutes a model for collaboration which counteracts the silencing impact of the contemporary competitive academic culture.

Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde azalmış kor enduransı, yorgunluk ve fiziksel inaktivite için risk faktörleri

Aim: In medical faculty students’ investigation of risk factors for physical inactivity and fatigue and basic resilience is important to identify individuals at risk. The primary aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting core endurance, fatigue, and physical inactivity in medical faculty students. The secondary aim is to evaluate the relationship between core endurance and fatigue, physical activity, and low back pain. Additionally, to investigate the relationship between fatigue and physical activity level. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 healthy volunteer medical faculty students. Demographic data and the history of low back pain were recorded. The trunk flexors endurance test (FLET), Modified Biering-Sorensen test (MBST), and lateral bridge test (LBT) were used to measure trunk muscle core endurance. The physical activity levels of the participants were measured using the “International Physical Activity Scale” (IPAQ). The fatigue Severity Scale was used for the evaluation of fatigue. Results: FLET (p=0.021), MBST (p=0.004), LBT-Right (<0.001), LBT-Left (<0.001) tests were significantly higher in the group with FSS <2.3. A significant correlation was found between female gender and FLET (p<0.001), MBST (p<0.001), LBT-Right (p<0.001), LBT-Left (p<0.001). Gender (p=0.049), MBST (p=0.003) and MET 3 (p=0.025) were determined as factors affecting fatigue in the regression model. Female gender (OR= 0.376; p= 0.049) and MBST (OR= 0.986; p= 0.003) was determined as a risk factor for fatigue. Conclusion: Female gender, decreased core endurance, and physical inactivity are protective factors affecting fatigue in medical school students. Age, gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, and low back pain history were not found to be risk factors for physical inactivity. Improving core endurance is protective for physical inactivity.

In the end, it’s our future that’s going to be changed: Enquiring about the environment with freedom and responsibility

The environmental crisis—because of its complexity, urgency, unpredictability, and scale—requires a defence of the educational role of philosophy and an account of how to implement philosophical pedagogy in the exploration of environmental issues. This is the aim of this paper. As we face an uncertain future, all educators must consider what knowledge and “know-how” young people need, and what kind of people they need to become, if they are to survive and thrive in this changing world. Philosophical educators cannot assume the ongoing utility of their practice, nor can they expect that their practice should remain the same. In the context of the current crisis, the philosophical exploration of emerging environmental issues raises challenges for those who work in the spirit of Community of Enquiry and these challenges require both discipline and flexibility from practitioners and participants. This paper outlines some of the adaptations that I have used to try and respond flexibly to this predicament. But I also defend an issue on which I believe philosophical educators should hold the line—namely the importance of being non-directive on matters that are philosophically contentious. I defend the view that despite the existential nature of this emergency and its profound urgency, it is not the role of philosophical educators to convince or coerce philosophical learners to adopt particular views on the philosophical questions that this crisis raises. This is because all philosophical enquiry involves creating an environment of freedom and responsibility with respect to what participants believe to be right and true and what they do as a result. Participants in enquiry must be epistemically free to explore and evaluate philosophical questions as they see fit, but they must also be epistemically responsible for the evidence and arguments on which their provisional judgements rest. Equally, participants in enquiry must be ethically free to respond to philosophical problems in ways that express and cultivate their authentic character and commitments, but they remain ethically responsible for their true motivations, their professed values and for the real-life consequences of their words and actions, and their silences and inaction. This paper explores some ways to optimise freedom and responsibility in all forms of philosophical enquiry, drawing specifically on examples of my work with young people on philosophically contentious environmental issues. These examples also highlight some of the adaptations that I have developed to address the challenges that environmental enquiry brings.

Ōrui Noburu’s Cross-Cultural Inquiry into the Histories of the Renaissance as a Critique of Modernity

ABSTRACT This article examines Japanese cultural historian Ōrui Noburu (1884–1975)’s work on the Renaissance, which he conducted during the interwar and wartime periods. Ōrui was a leading scholar in the field of Western history (seiyōshi) in Japan during the mid-20th century and developed his pioneering study of the European Renaissance with reference to prominent Renaissance scholars such as Jacob Burckhardt and Johan Huizinga. Ōrui’s research is mostly known in relation to Western history, but during the war he also probed the existence of a Renaissance within Japan itself. His discussions of both the European and Japanese Renaissance cultures reveal his concern with the question of modernity and the contemporaneous situation in Japan. At a time when modernity was being keenly debated, Ōrui’s Renaissance study addressed the degeneration of Western modernity and clarified the joint cultural significance of the European and Japanese Renaissances, although this attempt intersected with the existing narrative about Japan’s imperial expansion. Overall, this article contributes to research on wartime Japanese and transnational intellectual/cultural history and sheds light on Ōrui’s previously unrecognised but unique form of cross-cultural inquiry.

The Principles & Practices of Water Consumption According to Ayurveda- A Cross- Sectional Survey

Well-balanced water (Pana) and food (Aahar) input are essential. Ayurvedic literature outlines certain rules for proper food intake and Ahar, retaining vigor and life duration. In water, trace elements can be found in high concentrations. Children, pregnant women, and the elderly have higher water requirements. Drinking water can be processed in a variety of ways using natural methods. The context of Ayurveda mentions the benefits of drinking Ushnodaka (warm water). In Ayurveda, there are various advantages of drinking water. The benefits of drinking warm water were also emphasized in Ayurveda. Drinking water habits are crucial for good health because dietary habits are important for a person's lifestyle. The aim and objective of the study were to understand the domestic cause of lifestyle illnesses associated with improper water consumption habits and to create awareness regarding water consumption practices. Data was gathered from the general public who suffer from lifestyle diseases and those ready to participate. The data was collected with the specially designed inquiry form and a standard Prakriti (physical and mental constitution of the body) questionnaire. 250-sample size, among which 40% were male and 60% female. It was found that most of the population belongs to Kapha dominant Prakriti, i.e., 149 (59.6%), whereas 45 (18%) and 56 (22.4%) population was of Vata & Pitta dominant Prakriti, respectively. 80.4 % of people drink water in seating positions, and 56% directly swallow water. 70% of people drink normal water, and 44 % drink clay pot water in summer. Type II diabetes is the most common lifestyle disorder. A reduction in water intake triggers type II diabetes. It has been discovered that people do not immediately drink water after getting out of bed, which causes gradual weakness. Instead, people drink water before a meal, which helps them to lose weight. The intake of one glass of water before going to bed reduces Vata and Kapha and prevents indigestion.

Can Research Heal? Toward Restorative Validity: Axiological Commitments and Methodological Obligations as Contact Zones

This work begins with a simple premise: (re)imagining a healing space for social inquiry. I briefly highlight the work of a critical participatory action research collective—composed of Maya community members, nonprofit staff, and a university-affiliated researcher—and how we explored whether research could provide a restorative function for those experiencing trauma, abuse, and everyday restrictions on free will. We revisited our co-constructed conceptual framework—restorative validity—which paints inquiry as interconnected orientations rooted in relationships, justice, and liberation. By presenting our experiences as counternarratives, I describe how our axiological commitments act in opposition and resist methodological obligations, illuminating Pratt’s conceptualization of contact zones—in this case, a social space where co-researchers’ ethics and values clash with hegemonic research practices. These counternarratives offer a reflexive example of the ethical and axiological considerations that should be examined as collectives approach inquiry as a healing and restorative space. The aim is to educate those interested in questioning dominant paradigms, as well as critically exploring the necessary conditions for restorative validity. These reflections act as an open call: Are we simply too preoccupied with being scientific enough to the detriment of freeing ourselves to imagine, co-construct, and commit inquiry as a healing space? It questions whether our communities of research and practice hold sufficient freedom: Freedom from dominant paradigms. Freedom to challenge methodological practices and empower ourselves to create new forms of inquiry. Forms of inquiry that seek to heal and restore, rather than simply prove a point.

BENEFITTING STUDENTS WITH KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PRACTICES IN CULTURAL-BASED EDUCATION

The majority of students in higher education find it challenging to understand cultural differences and communicate in English. In reality, students' enthusiasm wanes as a result of distractions like poor internet connections and challenging coursework. Using knowledge-sharing techniques in this situation is a solution to overcoming these challenges. The purpose of this study is to describe how students feel about using knowledge-sharing techniques in an online intercultural communication course. Three English Department students who participated in the research's Knowledge-sharing Practice in Intercultural Communication Learning at a university in Bogor were the main subjects of the study. Students in intercultural communication classes at higher education institutions range in age from 20 to 22 and academic standing. Focus groups discussion, interviews, and other forms of narrative inquiry were used in this qualitative study. This study discovered that implementing knowledge-sharing practices in online learning aids students in removing confusion from Intercultural communication classes, encourages higher education students to voice their opinions, aids higher education students in showing respect for cultural differences, stimulates students to think critically, encourages students to participate in the discussion, and inspires students to study abroad, but it is still challenging for them.

Reply to My Critics

Reply to My Critics Margaret Watkins (bio) Science is related to wisdom as virtuousness is related to holiness; it is cold and dry, it has not love and knows nothing of a deep feeling of inadequacy and longing. It is as useful to itself as it is harmful to its servants, insofar as it transfers its own character to them and thereby ossifies their humanity. As long as what is meant by culture is essentially the promotion of science, culture will pass the great suffering human being by with pitiless coldness, because science sees everywhere only problems of knowledge and because within the world of the sciences suffering is really something improper and incomprehensible, thus at best only one more problem.1 When Nietzsche writes these words in “Schopenhauer as Educator” in 1874, nearly a century after Hume’s death, he is not using “science” (Wissenschaft) to refer only to what we now know as the natural sciences. Indeed, as another essay in the Untimely Meditations makes clear, history is as much, if not more, in Nietzsche’s sights as biology or physics. He is naming a peculiar irony here: in the quest for a certain kind of progress—the progress of knowledge—we can end up killing any hope of progress for life. Certain methods of historical study are forms of enquiry whose spiritless effect is to “let the dead bury the living.”2 Our relentless quest to catalog and preserve the old robs us of the higher ways we might learn from it, or overcome it. We “historians of philosophy” can do this by reading past philosophers as dead artifacts, focusing intently on how they were responding to their particular contexts and pursuing their own projects. As indispensable as such study is, it can kill the texts’ potential to continue to inspire and inform philosophical thought of our own. [End Page 163] In writing The Philosophical Progress of Hume’s “Essays,” my hope was to counteract this tendency in myself and in readers of Hume—to show that these works often neglected by contemporary philosophers are still capable of inspiring life-giving, generative philosophical thought. (I do not say they are of more than “mere” historical interest; abusing the study of history with such a pernicious adverb runs counter to every fiber of my being.) Such thought need not be optimistic, encouraging, or even morally admirable at every step. It need simply inspire our own thought, activate that love of truth that Hume says can never “be carried to too high a degree,” or (preferably and) show us how that truth matters for human life (EHU 5.1).3 My attempts to achieve this aim have two primary modes: showing that the Essays can inspire vital philosophical reflection and arguing that they are themselves philosophical or works of philosophy. To put my cards on the table: the enemies within (and without) that run counter to this effort are the tendency to put a piece of philosophical writing under a microscope (whose lens might be analytic or historical) without ever asking why it matters, and the tendency to dismiss the writing as philosophical because it does not fit neatly into one of the current categories of our discipline or our understanding of “the” early modern philosophical project. I am therefore pleased that both my generous interlocutors, Jacqueline Taylor and Andre Willis, recognize my attempt to extend as well as explain Hume’s insights. There is far too much insight in their own contributions for me to do justice to. I will therefore limit my discussion to three main topics: the notion of Humean public spirit I attempt to elucidate in the book, the related problems of analytic distance, and the pressing question of the difference between Hume’s projects in other philosophical works—especially the two Enquiries—and his projects in the Essays. Although there is no essay called “Of Public Spirit,” it is still a significant concept for the Essays. The initial advertisement to the 1741 volume of Essays, Moral and Political included this observation: “Public Spirit, methinks, shou’d engage us to love the Public, and to bear an equal Affection to all our Country-Men; not...