Benzocaine Research Articles

History of Anaesthesia in Ghana (2): Development of Equipment, Consumables and Anaesthetic Drugs

This is the second instalment in the series on HISTORY OF ANAESTHESIA IN GHANA. The history of medicine in Ghana has been documented but there has not been any documentation of the history of anaesthesia in the country. Anaesthesia in Ghana hasseen a number of changes in the last fifty to sixty years. These changes have been seen especially in the areas of anaesthetic drugs, anaesthetic techniques, the training of anaesthetic manpower and introduction of intensive care facilities. There has been an introduction of new and modern anaesthetic machines and monitors which were completely absent some decades ago. This articleseeks to highlight some of the major changes that have taken place in the specialty. The challenges facing the specialty in terms of the supply of consumables, the lack of maintenance of equipment and the low numbers of enrolment into the specialty by physicians arediscussed. The role of international collaborations and the setting up of new specialised units like the National Cardio-thoracic Centre are also mentioned in this article.

History of Anaesthesia in Ghana (3): Anaesthetic Techniques, Care of the Critically Ill, Extension of Anaesthetic Services and International Collaboration

This is the third instalment in the series on HISTORY OF ANAESTHESIA IN GHANA. The first instalment was on Human ResourceDevelopment in Anaesthesia.The second was on Developmentof Equipment, Consumables and Anaesthetic Drugs. The history of medicine in Ghana has been documented but there has not been any documentation of the history of anaesthesia in the country.Anaesthesia in Ghana has seen a number of changes in the last fifty to sixty years. These changes have been seen especially in the areas of anaesthetic drugs, anaesthetic techniques, the training of anaesthetic manpower and introduction of intensive care facilities.There has been an introduction of new and modern anaesthetic machines and monitors which were completely absent some decades ago. This article seeks to highlight some of the major changes that have taken place in the specialty. The challenges facing the specialty in terms of the supply of consumables, the lack of maintenance of equipment and the low numbers of enrolment into the specialty by physicians are discussed. The role of international collaborations and the setting up of new specialised units like the National Cardio-thoracic Centre are also mentioned in this article.

Microvascular anatomy and physiology laboratory class using the Australian cane toad

The microvasculature is a key part of the cardiovascular system and teaching microvascular structure and function is a key part of any cardiovascular science course. The Australian cane toad Bufo marinus / Rhinella marina is an economical and widely available species within Australia which can be used to demonstrate basic principles of blood flow and microvascular anatomy and physiology in an in vivo setting.In the laboratory class, cane toads of either gender (approx. 120 g) are anesthetized by immersion in 0.3 % ethyl 3‐aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS‐222) for 15 min and for the duration of the class (about 2 hr) swabs soaked in MS‐222 are placed on the skin. Level of anaesthesia is regularly assessed by the corneal reflex. At the end of the class toads are euthanized by cardiac removal (UNSW ACEC approval #19/67B). The surgical procedure involves a small incision in the upper abdomen, through which a lung, the bladder and the mesentery may be exteriorized and the microvasculature examined under a microscope equipped with a camera for video streaming to high definition monitors.The class is designed to demonstrate principles delivered in lectures and allow students to integrate knowledge of these principles into microvascular homeostasis and adaptation to interventions. Microvascular features which can be clearly demonstrated include microvascular anatomy and structural adaptations in different tissues, including the lung (pulmonary microcirculation), urinary bladder and mesentery. Observable physiological phenomena include blood flow velocity and its’ effect blood cell behaviour, axial streaming, plasma skimming, leukocyte rolling and adhesion, vasoconstriction and the response of the mesenteric microvasculature to haemorrhage.Student learning is assessed through pre‐ and post‐class exercises completed on‐line. The pre‐class exercise includes demonstrative videos and a brief quiz. This is intended to ensure students have read and understood the laboratory class notes, along with some basic vascular science, prior to the class, avoiding time‐wasting. The post‐class exercise includes video material recorded during the class accompanied by a quiz aimed at testing the students’ understanding of the observations made; for example, the physiological advantage of unique microvascular anatomy in certain tissues, or the mechanism underlying capillary swelling and hemodilution during haemorrhage. The videos can be edited into a package and used to deliver the class in an on‐line format if required. Thus, the cane toad preparation allows key aspects of microvascular anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and rheology to be demonstrated and taught in a clear and compelling fashion.

A potent anesthetic drug salt: experimental and computational studies

The title compound Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate – 3,5-dinitrosalicylate salt [ES] has been synthesized, crystallized and characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The molecular structure and crystal packing were carried out using theoretical optimization at the DFT level and the concept of atom in molecules (AIM) analysis was performed. Further, the molecular packing is visualized and quantified using Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. The crystal structure is stabilized via intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N – H …O and O – H …O. The hydrogen bonding acquires three-dimensional architecture and the molecules in the crystal are connected through C(8) hydrogen motif. The inter contact H...O (45.0%) contributes more to the Hirshfeld surfaces and the strength and stability of the multicomponent crystal have been estimated using the energy framework calculation. Further, the biological study of the title compound was studied through antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Using Chitosan-Coated Polymeric Nanoparticles-Thermosensitive Hydrogels in association with Limonene as Skin Drug Delivery Strategy

Topical delivery of local anesthetics (LAs) is commonly used to decrease painful sensations, block pain throughout procedures, and alleviate pain after surgery. Dermal and/or transdermal delivery of LAs has other advantages, such as sustained drug delivery and decreased systemic adverse effects. This study reports the development of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with chitosan for the sustained release and topicality of benzocaine (BZC) and topical delivery. BZC PLGA nanoparticles or nonencapsulated drugs were further incorporated into Poloxamer hydrogels (Pluronic™ F-127). The nanoparticles showed a mean diameter of 380 ± 4 nm, positive zeta potential after coating with chitosan (23.3 ± 1.7 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (96.7 ± 0.02%). Cellular viability greater than 70% for both fibroblasts and keratinocytes was observed after treatment with nanoparticles, which is in accordance with the preconized guidelines for biomedical devices and delivery systems. Both the nanoparticles and hydrogels were able to modulate BZC delivery and increase drug permeation when compared to the nonencapsulated drug. Furthermore, the incorporation of limonene into hydrogels containing BZC-loaded nanoparticles increased the BZC permeation rates. Non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviors were observed for all hydrogel nanoformulations with or without nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that the hydrogel-nanoparticle hybrids could be a promising delivery system for prolonged local anesthetic therapy.

KAJIAN RETORIKA CALON BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI DALAM DEBAT PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU 2020

AbstractThe background of this research is to analyze and fan the contents of the debate ofcandidates for Regent and Vice Regent kapuas Hulu 2020 in terms of ethos, pathos, and logos. The purpose of this study is to find out the content of the debate of candidates for Regent and Vice Regent of Kapuas Hulu 2020 in terms of ethos, pathos, and logos. This research uses deskritive methods and the approach used isa qualitative approach. The data in this study was sourced from the content of the debate of candidates for Regent and Vice Regent of Kapuas Hulu 2020 and avideo originated on the youtobe channel entitled open debate between candidates for Regent and deputy Regent of Kapuas Hulu 2020. Based on the results of the analysis of data on the content of the debate and the video, it can be concluded that each candidate pair of regional heads uses rhetoric in the form of ethos, pathos, and logos in delivering their speech. Then this research has a link to the learning of Indonesian Language and Literature class X odd semester curriculum 2013 refers to Basic Competencies 3.12 and 4.12. The results of this study are expected to be useful, especially for teachers, learners, and for future researchers.Keywords: Debat, Ethos, Logos, Pathos, Rhetoric.

TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF QUALITY IN REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN OBSTETRICS OBSTETRIC REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: IMPROVING QUALITY.

Quality assessment of provided healthcare is becoming a standard in numerous health institutions worldwide, which is beneficial for both the patient and the institution. In order to achieve this standard, it is necessary to develop quality indicators in all segments of healthcare. Postdural puncture headache is a common complication following neuraxial blocks, especially in obstetric anesthesia. If severe, it is a cause of emotional and psychological distress and must be treated by a blood patch. The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of these complications is reduced when blood patch frequency is monitored and analyzed and to assess the effect of countermeasures in order to improve the quality and safety of regional anesthesia in obstetrics. Before 2009 and during that year at the University Hospital Sveti Duh, there had been a large number of severe postdural puncture headaches after spinal anesthesia and epidural analgesia treated by a blood patch in 6.12% of cases. After noticing the rising number of blood patches, we decided to analyses data every year. We recorded all blood patches injected to obstetric patients within the period of nine year, from 2009 to 2018 and concurrently we introduced a set of measures to improve the quality of neuraxial blocks, such as the use of atraumatic 26 or 27-gauge pencil-point spinal needles and modern neuraxial blockade protocols. Data were collected from anesthesiology and gynecology protocols and analyzed with MedCalc software, version 18.1.2. The frequency of blood patch applications has been reduced from 6.12% to 0.30%, which is statistically significant. The percentage of placed epidural catheters for vaginal birth increased from 21% in 2009 to 38% in 2018. Although not statistically significant, the number of pregnant women undergoing a caesarean section is also growing, while the total number of births is falling. The proportion of cesarean sections in spinal anesthesia varies from year to year. A statistically significant decrease in the number of installed blood patches clearly indicates the positive effect of measures taken to improve quality, which could contribute to the growing interest of pregnant women in childbirth in epidural analgesia. The number of placed epidural catheters is increasing despite the decline in the total number of deliveries and the increase in the number of deliveries completed by cesarean section. Monitoring the incidence of severe post-puncture headaches treated with blood patches has shown great progress in improving the quality and safety of regional anesthesia and analgesia in our institution, so we believe that monitoring the number of blood patches could serve as an indicator of regional anesthesia and analgesia in obstetrics. Monitoring the number of blood patches shows that the frequency of post-puncture headaches does not correlate only with the type of needle or epidural catheter used for neuroaxial blocks, but is also a sensitive indicator of any deviations from the achieved standards. Furthermore, it indicates the need for careful analysis of causes in order to adopt and implement appropriate countermeasures.

Highly sensitive determination of anesthetic drug benzocaine based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-carbon black nanohybrids.

Benzocaine (BZC) is a local anaesthetic drug coupled with numerous adverse effects, and thus poses a great challenge for its simple and highly sensitive detection. For resolving this issue, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-carbon black (HP-β-CD-CB) nanohybrid that possesses the collaborative advantages of CB (e.g., excellent electrical properties, large surface area) and HP-β-CD (e.g., high molecule recognition and preconcentration capability) was synthesized in this study via a simple process and then utilized as a novel electrode material to electrochemically detect BZC. With the optimized experimental conditions, the HP-β-CD-CB nanohybrid-modified electrode shows wide linearity from 0.05 to 7.0 μM and very low detection limit (0.015 μM) for BZC detection. In addition, the repeatability, stability, and selectivity as well as practical-sample analysis of the HP-β-CD-CB electrode were investigated, and the observed results are desirable. The superior sensing performances coupled with its advantages including low-cost, simple and highly sensitive detection suggest that HP-β-CD-CB has important potential application for BZC analysis in practical samples.

Design of a Separation Experiment for Three Components of Benzoic Acid, Ethyl P-Aminobenzoate and Acetanilide

Design of a Separation Experiment for Three Components of Benzoic Acid, Ethyl P-Aminobenzoate and Acetanilide

Penetrating Ocular Trauma in a Goldfish Model after Chloramphenicol or Traditional Medicine Angong Niuhuang Pill Treatment: An Analysis of Retinal Responses after 7 Days

Purpose: While there were numerous clinical examples of ocular damage, the histopathology of retinal responses was poorly characterized, and animal model research was limited. The consequences of retinal lesions with traditional medicine treatment were mostly unknown. In this work, goldfish was employed as a model for penetrating injury of the eyes to study the ocular trauma with antibiotic and traditional medicine treatments. Materials and Methods: The penetration of the eyes was performed at 2mm above the midline of the limbus in the superior quadrant with an 18-gauge sterile needle, all the way to the retina but avoiding the lens while the animals were anaesthetized in water containing 100 mg/L ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222). The animals were divided into three groups and received treatments of saline, chloramphenicol, and Angong Niuhuang pill (Angong) eyedrops twice a day respectively. Angong after seven days, the animals were sacrificed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), catalase, and cleaved caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) for apoptotic cells were performed on the fish’s superior quadrants of the retinae. The whole experiment was repeated two times. Result: It was evident that both the retinae treated with chloramphenicol and Angong had fewer apoptotic cells and more proliferative cells, particularly in the cases of the Angong treatment. BDNF was in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of all groups. In the chloramphenicol and Angong groups, some cells in the outer nuclear layer displayed BDNF. Catalase reactions confirmed equivalent findings that the treated retinae with chloramphenicol or Angong treatment had less catalase. Conclusion: Angong Niuhuang pill is a traditional medicine composite formula with antibiotic and neuroprotective effects on the brain and the eyes, and this work also pointed out its possible pharmaceutical potential.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THIOPENTONE AND PROPOFOL ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THIOPENTONE AND PROPOFOL ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS

Development of poly(o-anisidine-co-ethyl 4-aminobenzoate) conducting film for electrochromic and biosensor applications

Copolymers of o-anisidine (OA) and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EAB) were synthesized by chemical polymerization in various molar ratios of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate in 1 M HCl aqueous solution, using potassium persulphate as an oxidant. Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the copolymer film, the colour of the copolymer thin films changes from yellow (at −0.2 to 0.0 V) to green (0.2–0.6 V) and to blue (0.8 V). Also, the copolymer was examined for dopamine sensing and it exhibited significant results with detection range from 8 × 10−8 to 1.40 × 10−5 M and the lower limit of detection determined is 1 × 10−8 M which shows the possibility of low and high concentrations.

COMPARISON OF RELIGIOUS RHETORIC K.H. ABDULLAH GYMNASTIAR WITH HABIB MUHAMMAD RIZIEQ

This research aims to (1) describe the differences in the religious rhetoric of Aa Gym's from Habib Rizieq’s in terms of ethos, pathos, and logos; (2) describe the different rhetorical canons used; and (3) determine the elements of rhetorical content contained in both orator. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data were taken from the religious speech of Aa Gym and Habib Rizieq with the same theme available on the YouTube platform, which is about leaders and leadership. The research shows the following results. (1) The religious rhetoric of Aa Gym and Habib Rizieq both use all persuasion tools in the form of ethos, pathos, and logos. However, there are three aspects that are controlled by Aa Gym in terms of ethos, namely good competence, good moral character, and goodwill, while only two aspects are controlled by Habib Rizieq, namely good competence and goodwill. (2) All of the rhetorical canons were used by the two preachers, but there are still doubts about their application to Aa Gym. (3) Aa Gym's rhetoric belongs to the type of epideictic rhetoric with a few elements of deliberative rhetoric. Meanwhile, Habib Rizieq's rhetoric belongs to the type of epideictic and deliberative rhetoric with a few elements of forensic rhetoric.

Using of Hantzsch Condensation Reaction in Spectrophotometric Determination of Benzocaine

An accurate spectrophotometric method had been suggested for the determination of benzocaine (BEN) as pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparation (ear drop). The method depends on using Hantzsch reaction, the reaction included condensation of Benz with acetyl acetone-formaldehyde (Ac-Ac-FD) reagent. The suggested reagent was prepared by the reaction of Ac-Ac with FD, the reaction requires heating in a water bath at boiling point for 5 minutes. The condensation of BEN with Ac-Ac-FD needs heating in a water bath at a temperature of 400C for 25 minute, an intense yellow colored product was formed, which is stable and water-soluble. The yellow product has a maximum absorption at 417 nm. The linearity of Beer's law was observed within the range (2-48 μg BEN.ml-1).The values of a molar absorptivity of 1.82x103 l.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity index values of 0.0907μg .cm-2.The relative error, relative standard deviation, low detection limit and low of quantitation values have been estimated. An application part of the suggested method in estimation of Benz in ear drop (otocol drops).

Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous mats as the carrier for drug delivery system of benzocaine and its complex with β-cyclodextrin

Nanofibrous mats (NFMs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) play a vital role in drug releasing systems. Generally CDs are used to enhance the drug release profile, water solubility, stability and so on to any molecule which can carry inside the CDs cavity through the formation of inclusion complexes. In this research paper, the benzocaine (BNC) is chosen as a reference drug molecule and electrospun PVdF nanofibrous mats (esPVdF NFMs) as a fibrous matrix to carry out the drug releasing ability. BNC is interacted with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to form an inclusion complexed product (BNC:β-CD-IC) and then PVdF NFMs is soaked in it to incorporate the inclusion complexed product on the surface. The soaking of PVdF NFMs in the BNC solution without β-CD is also carried out for a comparative study. Our aim was to analyze the drug release profile of BNC from BNC/PVdF and BNC:β-CD/PVdF NFMs. The characterization of BNC/PVdF NFMs in the presence and absence of β-CD is analysed with the help of UV–visible, fluorescence, lifetime decay, Fourier Transform InfraRed, Fourier Transform-Raman, powder X-Ray diffractogram and Scanning electron microscopic measurements. Selective stretching frequency of BNC molecule is changed for the NFMs with and without β-CD, evident the encapsulation of BNC into the β-CD cavity on the NFMs. SEM images showed that the BNC:β-CD is mostly occupied in the surface of the PVdF NFMs. Crystallinity of BNC is completely lost in both the NFMs. The release study of BNC in buffer solution elucidate that the PVdF/BNC:β-CD-IC NFMs have higher releasing ability of BNC than the BNC/PVdF NFMs due to the solubility enhancement of BNC by the complexation of β-CD.

Separation of labeled isomeric oligosaccharides by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – the role of organic solvent in manipulating separation selectivity of the amide stationary phase

The advantages of using mixtures of organic solvents for the separation of labeled oligosaccharides on the amide stationary phase under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography conditions are presented. The effect of the type of buffer as well as solvent or their mixtures on retention of uracil, saccharide labeling reagents (2-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminobenzamide, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, procainamide), and corresponding labeled saccharides were evaluated. The successful isocratic separation of labeled isomeric trisaccharides (maltotriose, panose, and isomaltotriose) was achieved in the mobile phase consisting of a 90% (v/v) mixture of organic solvents (methanol/acetonitrile 60:40) and 10% (v/v) 30 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.3. Changing the volume ratio between methanol/acetonitrile from 60:40 to 50:50 (v/v) allowed to obtain the separation of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides labeled by ethyl 4-aminobenzoate in less than 10.5 min.

STRESS-LIMITING ANESTHESIA IN OPHTHALMOSURGERY

Despite the significant advances made by modern anesthesiology in the perioperative management of patients, surgical interventions are still accompanied by a high proportion of complications and even deaths. At the same time, it is known that in 50% of cases mortality and serious postoperative complications could be prevented. After performing a thorough study of the factors affecting the increase in hospitalization and postoperative recovery (Kehlet H., 1997; Kehlet H., Wilmore D., 2002), it was determined that the surgical stress response is the most significant inducer of dysfunction of various organs. and systems. To date, it has been established that general anesthesia in its classical sense does not allow achieving complete protection of the patient from surgical trauma. More complete protection can be achieved by combining general anesthesia with regional blockages and adjuvant drugs with stress-protective properties. In the present study, we compared the severity of the surgical stress response and pain syndrome in patients operated on under conditions of multicomponent balanced general anesthesia (group K) with patients who received a stress-limiting anesthesia regimen (group DB). In both groups, multicomponent anesthesia was performed, in group K, sibazone was used for sedation, in group DB, dexmedetomidine was used. Also, patients of the DB group underwent regional blockade (blockade of the pterygo-palatine fossa) before surgery. The main criteria for evaluating the results were: hemodynamic stability, blood glucose, the level of venous blood leukocytes and the severity of pain according to the VAS in the postoperative period. Both schemes made it possible to avoid pronounced fluctuations in hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters at all stages of the study. When analyzing blood glucose and leukocyte counts, it was found that patients in the control group had a more significant deviation of both indicators from the preoperative level than in the stress-limiting anesthesia group. In the study of pain syndrome, it was determined that in the control group the level of pain according to the VAS was higher at all stages of the study compared to patients in the group of stress-limiting anesthesia.

Synthesis of new reactive dyes containing commercial UV-absorbers with enhanced simultaneous dyeing and anti-UV properties for cotton fabric

Two new reactive anti-UV dyes were synthesized based on two commercial UV-absorbers, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate for dye 1 and 4-aminobenzophenone for dye 2, which were incorporated in a structure modified from commercial reactive dye CI Reactive Red 198 (dye 3). Optimum exhaustion and total fixation values were achieved at 80 ​g/l sodium sulphate for dye 1 and 60 ​g/l sodium sulphate for dye 2, 20 ​g/l sodium carbonate at 70 ​°C for dye 1 and 80 ​°C for dye 2 and 60 ​min fixation time for both dyes. The two new reactive dyes exhibited higher dyeing properties and UPF values than the commercial reactive dye over all the dye concentrations studied. The new reactive dye 1 achieved the highest exhaustion, total fixation and UPF values. The fastness properties obtained for all the dyeings ranges from good to excellent.

Nano-TiO2 Phototoxicity in Fresh and Seawater: Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. as Proxies

Nowadays, the industry is quite commonly using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nTiO2) especially in sunscreens, due to its higher reflective index in comparison to micron size TiO2. Its high demand causes its widespread environmental occurrence, thus damaging the environment. The aquatic ecosystems are the most vulnerable to contamination by nTiO2. Like other engineered nanoparticles, nTiO2 has demonstrated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive halogen species (RHS) in the aquatic environment under UV radiation. This study investigated the toxicity of nTiO2 towards two aquatic indicator organisms, one from freshwater (Daphnia magna) and the other from seawater (Artemia sp.), under simulated solar radiation (SSR). Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. were co-exposed in 16 h SSR and 8 h darkness cycles to different concentrations of nTiO2. The estimated EC50 at 48 h for D. magna was 3.16 mg nTiO2/L, whereas for A. sp. no toxic effects were observed. When we exposed these two organisms simultaneously to 48 h of prolonged SSR using higher nTiO2 concentrations, EC50 values of 7.60 mg/L and 5.59 mg/L nTiO2 for D. magna and A. sp., respectively, were obtained. A complementary bioassay was carried out with A. sp., by exposing this organism to a mixture of nTiO2 and organic UV filters (benzophenone 3 (oxybenzone, BP3), octocrylene (OC), and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EtPABA)), and then exposed to SSR. The results suggested that nTiO2 could potentially have negative impacts on these organisms, also this work outlines the different characteristics and interactions that may contribute to the mechanisms of environmental (in salted and freshwater) phototoxicity of nTiO2 and UV radiation, besides their interaction with organic compounds.

Disposable paracetamol sensor based on electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for plasma monitoring

A highly sensitive disposable electrochemical sensor for paracetamol was devised using electroactive molecularly imprinted polymers nanoparticles (nanoMIPs). NanoMIPs were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Polymer composition included itaconic acid as a specific functional monomer and ferrocene as redox label, which confers electroactivity to the nanoparticles. NanoMIPs were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sensors were fabricated by covalent attachment of nanoMIPs on screen-printed carbon electrodes and then employed for electrochemical determination of paracetamol using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor was successfully evaluated in spiked human plasma with recoveries at 94–108 % and presenting a sensitivity of 6.18 ± 0.22 μA mM−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the sensor were found to be 50 μM and 167 μM, respectively, in a linear concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mM. High selectivity was demonstrated, with no interference found in the presence of caffeine, procainamide or ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. The sensors exhibited high reproducibility (RSD, 4.8 %), fast response time (∼8 s) and acceptable shelf life (90 days), confirming its suitability for point of care diagnostic applications.