Forms Of Asthma Research Articles

Severe Clinical Outcomes Due to Human Adenoviral Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Immunocompetent Adults

Background Human adenoviral infections typically result in upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis that is classically self-limiting but can be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. In relatively rare cases, adenovirus infections in immunocompetent patients can result in hospitalizations and severe outcomes that include need for critical care or death. The risk factors that are associated with severe adenoviral infections in immunocompetent hosts have not been thoroughly investigated and are currently poorly understood. Methods Retrospective cohort of 78 patients with ages ranging from 18–85 years who were admitted to Yale New Haven-affiliated hospitals over a period of 2 years with positive adenovirus tests on a nasopharyngeal respiratory viral panel. Immunocompromised patients were excluded from the study. Patient charts were reviewed to obtain demographic information, comorbid conditions, smoking history, and clinical outcomes. Results Of the 78 patients admitted, 15 (19.2%) were admitted as observation, 44 (56.4%) were admitted to the hospital for over 48 hours, 15 (19.2%) required critical care, and 4 (5.1%) expired during hospitalization. Pulmonary disease as a comorbidity in the form of asthma (33.3%) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.8%), and smoking history (59.0%) were more common in those with severe adenoviral infections. With severe disease, 13 (16.7%) required mechanical ventilation, 10 (12.8%) required pressor support, and 2 (2.6%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusions This retrospective study characterizes severity of adenoviral infections in adult immunocompetent patients, highlights the lack of treatment available, and identifies potential risk factors for severe disease, including asthma, smoking, absence of fever, and presence of coinfection.

Late-Onset Asthma: A Review

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition with a growing global prevalence, affecting millions of individuals annually. While asthma can develop at any age, late-onset asthma is a specific phenotype that begins in adulthood, as recognized by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) in its 2024 guidelines. This form of asthma is often associated with several predisposing factors, including gender, obesity, occupational exposure, rhinitis, respiratory infections, smoking, stress, and diminished lung function. Unlike early-onset asthma, which frequently involves a history of allergies, late-onset asthma tends to lack allergic triggers, making it a distinct and challenging form of the disease. Managing late-onset asthma is often more complex, as it typically requires higher doses of corticosteroids and demonstrates a reduced responsiveness to standard steroid treatments. The exact mechanisms and pathophysiological processes contributing to the increased severity and poorer clinical outcomes in late-onset asthma remain largely unclear. This uncertainty often leads to underdiagnosis and inadequate management, further complicating patient care. Phenotypic analysis is recommended to improve treatment outcomes. This includes assessing clinical features and utilizing biomarkers, such as inflammatory markers and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, to guide targeted therapy when conventional steroid treatments are insufficient. However, there is a significant need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of late-onset asthma. This literature review is essential to develop more effective, personalized treatment strategies that can address the unique challenges posed by this asthma phenotype, ultimately leading to better management and improved patient outcomes.

Pencegahan Resiko Alergi Berupa Asma Bronkial & Dermatitis Atopik Pada Masyarakat Terhadap Keberadaan Tungau Debu Rumah

House dust mites ( are household allergens spread throughout the world associated with manifestations of allergic symptoms in the respiratory tract (bronchial asthma) and skin (atopic dermatitis). Prevention of allergic risks of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis can be done by cleaning the house from dust. The purpose of community service is to increase public knowledge and understanding to prevent the risk of allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis. The method used in the implementation of community service is to socialize with the community, the assessment of increasing community knowledge is carried out by conducting a pretest and posttest. The results of outreach to community service participants showed that there was an increase in participants' knowledge regarding prevention of allergies in the form of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis against house dust mite infection (TDR).

Iron defi ciency anemia as a comorbid disease with gallstone disease in children and adolescentsfor

Introduction. Over the past decade, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia has increased. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it occurs in every 3 people in the world. Most often, anemia occurs in developing countries and is mainly affected by 2 groups of the population — young children and pregnant women. In pediatric practice, there are single works devoted to the problem of comorbidity, in connection with which our studies are of particular interest.Target research. To study the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children and adolescents with cholelithiasis living in the Krasnodar Territory.Material and methods. The study involved 146 children with cholelithiasis, selected based on the results of applying to the consultative polyclinic and inpatient departments of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnodar. Children were divided into three groups according to the number of comorbid diseases. Group I consisted of 50 (34.2%) children, including 36 (24.7%) girls and 14 (9.5%) boys, whose average age was 8.6 ± 4.5 years, with 3 somatic diseases. Group II included 55 (37.7%) children — 27 (18.5%) girls and 28 (19.2%) boys, the average age was 9.1 ± 4.4 years, with 4–5 chronic diseases. Group III consisted of 41 (28.1%) children. Of these, 18 (12.3%) girls and 23 (15.8%) boys, whose average age was 10.3 ± 4.7 years, had 6 or more chronic diseases. To establish the diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental research methods were used.Results and discussions. Among children with cholelithiasis, 12.3% had blood diseases, of which IDA occurred in 7.5% of cases. At the same time, out of 18 (12.3%) observed children with blood diseases, almost everyone had chronic gastroduodenitis — 13 (72.2%), dysfunctional disorders of the biliary tract were detected in every second child — 9 (50.0%), protein- energy deficiency — 8 (44.4%), every third had gastroesophageal disease and hepatitis — 5 (27.8% and 5–27.8%, respectively), every 6 child had chronic pancreatitis and myocardial dystrophy — 3 (16.7% and 2 (11.1%) respectively). In isolated cases, duodenal ulcer, celiac disease, colon anomaly- dolichosigma, liver cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, urinary tract infection, Gilbert’s disease, Niemann- Pick disease were identified. Allergic pathology occurred in every fourth child in the form of bronchial asthma — 4 (22.2%), hay fever — 5 (27.8%) and atopic dermatitis — 3 (16.7%).Conclusion. The study of the etiopathogenesis of anemia in cholelithiasis in children and adolescents is important. It allows you to outline rational ways to correct the underlying and concomitant diseases. With an increase in the comorbidity index in patients with cholelithiasis, the risk of developing IDA increases. Pollution of the environment with various pollutants in the form of pesticides and household waste introduced into the soil are trigger factors for the development of IDA and cholelithiasis.

THE ROLE OF HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION (POLYMORPHIC MARKERS OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE, CATALASE, ENDOTHELIAL NITROGEN OXIDE SYNTHASE GENES) AND SOME ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN LIVING IN RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS.

summarizing the results of many years of research by the authors on the influence of gene polymorphisms encoding xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTР1), antioxidant protection (С^262Т of the catalase gene), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4a/4b VNTR polymorphism of the eNOS gene), and some environmental factors on the occurrence of broncho-obstructive disorders and the development of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas. The examined school-aged children were residents of radioactively RCA who had no clinical signs of respiratory pathology. Deletion polymorphism of catalase gene (CAT C^262T), polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase gene (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTР1) and the polymorphism in the 4th intron (4a/4b) of the eNOS gene were studied in the molecular genetics laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine». Molecular genetic studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction. The study of the ventilation lung capacity was carried out by the method of computer spirometry based on the data of the «flow-volume» loop analysis. A pharmacological inhalation test with a bronchodilator drug which affects the β2-adrenergic receptors of the lungs was used to detect early changes in the ventilatory lung capacity - bronchial hyperreactivity. One of the leading mechanisms, due to which the implementation of hereditary predisposition to bronchial asthma in children living in radioactively contaminated areas is the polymorphism of certain genes of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase. With such polymorphic variants of the GST genes, isoforms of enzymes with reduced activity are produced, which limits their ability to effectively neutralize free radicals, which are formed in excess when free radical oxidation processes are activated due to the constant intake of radionuclides with a long half-life into the body of children. Unfavorable factors that increase the risk of developing broncho-obstructive disorders and the likelihood of their implementation in the form of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas, have been identified. It has been established that among them the leading role is played by hereditary predisposition to this disease. On the part of the child, such negative factors were unfavorable conditions of intrauterine development, the presence of signs of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, manifestations of allergies and frequent respiratory diseases from the first months of life.

An Overview on the Primary Factors That Contribute to Non-Allergic Asthma in Children

The prevalence of non-allergic asthma in childhood is low, peaking in late adulthood. It is triggered by factors other than allergens, like cold and dry air, respiratory infections, hormonal changes, smoke and air pollution. In the literature, there are few studies that describe non-allergic asthma in pediatric age. Even though it is a less common disorder in kids, it is crucial to identify the causes in order to keep asthma under control, particularly in patients not responding to conventional treatments. In this review, we discuss non-IgE-mediated forms of asthma, collecting the latest research on etiopathogenesis and treatment.

Loss of Taste and Smell Sensation in COVID-19: A Questionnaire Based Multicontinental Study with Review

Introduction: Taste buds are the peripheral organs of gustation and are located mainly in the tongue epithelium and palate. Taste buds further sample the chemical makeup of foods and beverages for nutrient content, palatability, and potential toxicity. On the other hand, the smell acts as a major factor and mostly functions involuntarily thereby identify chemical makeup and protecting from potential toxic insult. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing viral pandemic that emerged from East Asia and quickly spread to the rest of the world. An important highlight is an atypical new presentation of the disease: patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions.
 Objectives: To know whether the loss of taste and smell are a reliable symptomatic indicator in early diagnosis of COVID as well as how it impacts on the nutrition and early patient’s recovery.
 Results: A questionnaire originally developed by AAO – NHS (American academy of oto – laryngology neck and head surgery) was modified to include the questions related to loss of taste. We have included a total of 512 patient of which 82.4% were females. The common risk factor reported by our patients was close contact with a potentially confirmed case which accounted for 46.1%. The common comorbidities reported in the population has largely been related to breathing problems in the form of asthma 10.2%, sinus and smoking allergies of 5.7% which is a known factor in the spread of Covid in these patients. We have noticed in our population that there was a loss of smell and taste noticed in all the subjects and among them 66.5% reported with anosmia and 52.3% reported with ageusia which was either overlooked or not understood by most of the patients. Hyposmia and Parosmia was 18.6% and 14.9% respectively while Hypogeusia and dysgeusia was 32.2% and 15.4% indicating that though complete loss of taste is less when compared to complete loss of smell but alteration in taste is much higher and was felt for a much longer duration of time and often reported but complete remission from loss of taste is not completed.
 Conclusion: Loss of smell and taste should be considered as one of the reliable symptomatic indicators to covid infection and an active attempt should be made for its early remission for the patients to return back to normal intake of food leading to adequate nutrient supply

Machine learning model for classification of predominantly allergic and non-allergic asthma among preschool children with asthma hospitalization

Objective Asthma is the most frequent chronic airway illness in preschool children and is difficult to diagnose due to the disease’s heterogeneity. This study aimed to investigate different machine learning models and suggested the most effective one to classify two forms of asthma in preschool children (predominantly allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma) using a minimum number of features. Methods After pre-processing, 127 patients (70 with non-allergic asthma and 57 with predominantly allergic asthma) were chosen for final analysis from the Frankfurt dataset, which had asthma-related information on 205 patients. The Random Forest algorithm and Chi-square were used to select the key features from a total of 63 features. Six machine learning models: random forest, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machines, adaptive boosting, extra tree classifier, and logistic regression were then trained and tested using 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Results Among all features, age, weight, C-reactive protein, eosinophilic granulocytes, oxygen saturation, pre-medication inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting beta2-agonist (PM-ICS + LABA), PM-other (other pre-medication), H-Pulmicort/celestamine (Pulmicort/celestamine during hospitalization), and H-azithromycin (azithromycin during hospitalization) were found to be highly important. The support vector machine approach with a linear kernel was able to diffrentiate between predominantly allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma with higher accuracy (77.8%), precision (0.81), with a true positive rate of 0.73 and a true negative rate of 0.81, a F1 score of 0.81, and a ROC-AUC score of 0.79. Logistic regression was found to be the second-best classifier with an overall accuracy of 76.2%. Conclusion Predominantly allergic and non-allergic asthma can be classified using machine learning approaches based on nine features. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas .

Identifying Bacterial Airways Infection in Stable Severe Asthma Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technologies.

ABSTRACTPrevious metagenomic studies in asthma have been limited by inadequate sequencing depth for species-level bacterial identification and by heterogeneity in clinical phenotyping. We hypothesize that chronic bacterial airways infection is a key “treatable trait” whose prevalence, clinical phenotype and reliable biomarkers need definition. In this study, we have applied a method for Oxford Nanopore sequencing for the unbiased metagenomic characterization of severe asthma. We optimized methods to compare performance of Illumina MiSeq, Nanopore sequencing, and RT-qPCR on total sputum DNA extracts against culture/MALDI-TOF for analysis of induced sputum samples from highly phenotyped severe asthma during clinical stability. In participants with severe asthma (n = 23) H. influenzae was commonly cultured (n = 8) and identified as the dominant bacterial species by metagenomic sequencing using an optimized method for Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore. Alongside superior operational characteristics, Oxford Nanopore achieved near complete genome coverage of H. influenzae and demonstrated a high level of agreement with Illumina MiSeq data. Clinically significant infection was confirmed with validated H. influenzae plasmid-based quantitative PCR assay. H. influenzae positive patients were found to have sputum neutrophilia and lower FeNO. In conclusion, using an optimized method of direct sequencing of induced sputum samples, H. influenzae was identified as a clinically relevant pathogen in severe asthma and was identified reliably using metagenomic sequencing. Application of these protocols in ongoing analysis of large patient cohorts will allow full characterization of this clinical phenotype.IMPORTANCE The human airways were once thought sterile in health. Now metagenomic techniques suggest bacteria may be present, but their role in asthma is not understood. Traditional culture lacks sensitivity and current sequencing techniques are limited by operational problems and limited ability to identify pathogens at species level. We optimized a new sequencing technique—Oxford Nanopore technologies (ONT)—for use on human sputum samples and compared it with existing methods. We found ONT was effective for rapidly analyzing samples and could identify bacteria at the species level. We used this to show Haemophilus influenzae was a dominant bacterium in the airways in people with severe asthma. The presence of Haemophilus was associated with a “neutrophilic” form of asthma - a subgroup for which we currently lack specific treatments. Therefore, this technique could be used to target chronic antibiotic therapy and in research to characterize the full breadth of bacteria in the airways.

Prostaglandins in ophthalmology

Prostaglandins are widely used in medicine as active physiological agents that form a new class of drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, some forms of bronchial asthma, as well as in gynecology and ophthalmology. Development of aseptic inflammation is an example of intracellular process, in which the produced prostaglandins are able to and do cause vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, pain and fever. These effects of prostaglandins and leukotrienes characterize the classic picture of inflammation, including the aseptic one. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can provide therapeutic effect via inhibition of prostaglandin secretion. Prostaglandins play a special role in glaucoma treatment. Prostaglandin analogues are powerful agents that decrease IOP by 20-40% with a unique mechanism of action. Prostaglandin analogues have a well-balanced safety profile, which is why they are considered as a first line of therapy. However, patients with inflammatory diseases in anamnesis, such as uveitis, herpes, keratitis, as well as patients with planned cataract extraction should be careful when using prostaglandin analogues.

Type-2 Asthma: Leaving Behind the Perspective of the Seventies

Type-2 Asthma: Leaving Behind the Perspective of the Seventies Abstract. The diagnosis 'bronchial asthma' spans different phenotypes of this disease like an umbrella. The differentiation of these phenotypes and their overlaps is becoming increasingly important, as the phenotype-specific treatment approaches of today are not effective with every form of asthma. These approaches include the strategy of allergen avoidance, allergen immunotherapy and, most importantly, the newly available biologics for asthma. Treatable disease patterns, so-called 'treatable traits', require targeted diagnostics. The knowledge necessary to identify these traits still needs to be established in practice.

Ефективність застосування протизапального препарату антилейкотрієнової дії — монтелукасту натрію як засобу контролюючої терапії бронхіальної астми та алергічного риніту у дітей

У статті надано сучасні погляди на проблему бронхіальної астми та алергічного риніту як коморбідної патології у дітей. Розглянуто концепцію єдиного хронічного алергічного респіраторного синдрому. Згідно з міжнародними та національними рекомендаціями з ведення хворих на бронхіальну астму й алергічний риніт визначено місце антилейкотрієнів у лікуванні цієї коморбідної патології. Наведено дані щодо комплайєнсу в терапії дітей з бронхіальною астмою та шляхи її оптимізації. Науково обґрунтовано застосування монтелукасту натрію в загальній базовій терапії персистуючих форм алергічного риніту та бронхіальної астми легкого ступеня тяжкості в дітей. У статті подано результати застосування антилейкотрієнового препарату — монтелукасту натрію у контролюючій терапії персистуючих форм бронхіальної астми та алергічного риніту легкого ступеня тяжкості у дітей віком 2–11 років. Результатами проведеного нами дослідження доведено, що 6-місячне використання препарату є високоефективним (95,0 %), що забезпечує контроль за перебігом хвороби. Монтелукаст особливо показаний у разі переважання нічних ознак захворювання, у випадках астми фізичного та психоемоційного навантаження, при аспіриновій астмі, розвитку загострень хвороби, зумовлених змінами метеоумов і вірусними інфекціями.

Fasting impairs type 2 helper T cell infiltration in the lung of an eosinophilic asthma mouse model.

Eosinophilic asthma is a form of bronchial asthma that is caused by the pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils and accounts for approximately half of the patients with severe asthma. Several cell types of the immune system in synergy with the epithelial cells of the lung provoke an inflammatory response in patients with asthma. Recently, the effect of fasting on immune cells and inflammation has attracted considerable attention. Therefore, we examined whether fasting may serve as novel preventive strategy in patients with asthma. In our study, we employed a previously established mouse model of eosinophilic asthma. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with interleukin‐33 and ovalbumin (OVA) in order to induce eosinophil infiltration in the lung and subjected to a 48‐h long fasting period directly after or 7 days postinoculation. We used flow cytometry to characterise infiltrated immune cells in the lung and measured the quantity of inflammatory cytokines as well as antigen‐specific immunoglobins (Ig) by ELISA. Our results indicated that fasting lowered the number of eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates in the eosinophilic asthma model mice. Furthermore, fasting suppressed anti‐OVA IgG1 production. Fasting suppressed Th2 cytokine production by impairing Th2 accumulation in the lung. The findings suggest that fasting may be a novel preventive strategy for eosinophilic asthma.

The Clinical Relevance of Differential Cell Counts in Induced Sputum and its Relationship with Various forms of Asthma

The article provides an overview of modern concepts of induced sputum analysis and a description of the methodology and protocols for the collection of induced sputum in adults and children. This paper describes the cellular composition of induced sputum in healthy people and in patients with asthma in detail, analyses the significance of the sputum eosinophil count as a prognostic and diagnostic criterion and the role of other cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, basophils. In this article, we review a number of asthma biomarkers of inflammation and remodeling of the airways in asthma, which can be determined in sputum (anaphylatoxin C3a, clusterin, periostin). In addition, we summarize recent data about asthma phenotypes and describe the possibilities of using induced sputum analysis as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for personalized anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma.

Cyclic-di-GMP Induces STING-Dependent ILC2 to ILC1 Shift During Innate Type 2 Lung Inflammation.

Type 2 inflammation is found in most forms of asthma, which may co-exist with recurrent viral infections, bacterial colonization, and host cell death. These processes drive the accumulation of intracellular cyclic-di-nucleotides such as cyclic-di-GMP (CDG). Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical drivers of type 2 lung inflammation during fungal allergen exposure in mice; however, it is unclear how CDG regulates lung ILC responses during lung inflammation. Here, we show that intranasal CDG induced early airway type 1 interferon (IFN) production and dramatically suppressed CD127+ST2+ ILC2s and type 2 lung inflammation during Alternaria and IL-33 exposure. Further, CD127–ST2–Thy1.2+ lung ILCs, which showed a transcriptomic signature consistent with ILC1s, were expanded and activated by CDG combined with either Alternaria or IL-33. CDG-mediated suppression of type 2 inflammation occurred independent of IL-18R, IL-12, and STAT6 but required the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and type 1 IFN signaling. Thus, CDG potently suppresses ILC2-driven lung inflammation and promotes ILC1 responses. These results suggest potential therapeutic modulation of STING to suppress type 2 inflammation and/or increase anti-viral responses during respiratory infections.

ROLE OF GENETIC PREDISPOSITION, GENE POLYMORPHISM OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) AND SOME ADVERSE FACTORS IN DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN - RESIDENTS OF RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS.

to determine the influence of hereditary predisposition, polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 genes andenvironmental factors on the development of bronchial asthma in children - residents of radioactively contaminat-ed areas. School-age children-residents of radioactively contaminated areas with bronchial asthma,and those without clinical signs of respiratory pathology were examined. Genetic, medical, biological and social riskfactors were determined based on the study of anamnestic data and medical records. Ventilation lung capacity wasassessed by the method of computer spirometry. Molecular genetic studies were carried out using polymerase chainreaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for further analysis. Molecular genetic studies of the distribution of genotypes and frequencies of polymorphic variants of thegenes GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 were performed in children living under long-term intake of 137Cs by food chains. It wasfound that in children with BA the tendency to frequency of the deletion variant of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes incomparison with children without bronchial and pulmonary pathology was increased. The study of distributing theGSTP1 A313G gene polymorphic variants revealed in children with BA a significant increase in the frequency of AG-genotype, compared with the data of reference group. Adverse factors that increase the risk of developing bron-choobstructive disorders and the probability of their implementation in the form of bronchial asthma in children -residents of RCA have been identified. It is established that among them the leading role is played by hereditarypredisposition to this disease. On the part of the child, such negative factors were unfavorable conditions of fetaldevelopment, the presence of signs of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, manifestations of allergies and frequent respi-ratory diseases from the first months of life. It was found that the risk of developing BA was significantly increasedin children with the GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletion genotypes; an increased risk of developing BA in children witha combination of the GSTP1 A313G gene polymorphism with deletion polymorphism of the GSTT1 or GSTM1 gene wasdetermined. Сonclusion. Оne of the leading mechanisms, due to which there is a realization of hereditary predisposition tobronchial asthma in children living under constant intake of radionuclides with a long half-life, is the polymorphismof certain glutathione-S-transferase genes, namely, GSTT1, GSTM1 and A313G gene deletion polymorphism and GSTP1gene polymorphism.

БРОНХІАЛЬНА АСТМА ЯК МАСКА АЛЕРГІЧНОГО БРОНХОЛЕГЕНЕВОГО АСПЕРГІЛЬОЗУ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ

ASTHMA AS A MASK OF ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT O. M. Rekalova Abstract Asthma is a heterogeneous diseases with multiple phenotypes, 5–10 % of which are associated with severe course of disease, resistant to standard therapy. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), being a separate disease (ICD-10: B44.9 — aspergillosis unspecified), may mimic asthma. A literature review of major statements regarding ABPA, focusing on definition, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, association of different forms of asthma with fungal sensitization and Th2-response, stage, radiological picture, diagnostic algorithm in asthma and cystic fibrosis, characteristics of major applicable lab tests, principles and algorithm of treatment of ABPA patients, and treatment prospects. Lung radiological data using computer modeling from patient with ABPA (clinical case) has been presented as an illustration. Key words: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), asthma, diagnosis, treatment. Ukr. P

Computer visualization in breathing curve analysis

The aim. To study the features of the breathing process based on the breathing curve analysis in patients with various forms of bronchial asthma using computer visualization methods.Material and Methods. The experimental data comprised breathing curves registered with the MONITOR device in patients with various bronchial asthma types and a group of apparently healthy people. The original algorithm of spectral-time analysis was used to identify the characteristic features of the breathing curves in each group at the stage of digital processing.Results. Breathing curves were analyzed and typical images were obtained for the group of apparently healthy individuals and four groups of patients with various types of bronchial asthma (following the classification of E.V. Nemerov). Conclusion. A spectral-time analysis allowed us to obtain characteristic “single” graphical images of the breath curve in patients with various forms of bronchial asthma. The resulting images can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion. The algorithm proposed by the authors can also be used in the analysis of any other biosignals.

Creatinuria and Dynamics of Calcium Metabolism in Children in the Phase of Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma

: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common and severe diseases among children. The phenomenon of creatinuria (CU) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) has been acknowledged for a relatively long time. Aims: The Aim of the research is to study the level of creatinuria, creatinemia, creatine kinase activity, and the concentration of calcium in biological medium (blood, saliva, urine) in children suffering from an intermittent and persistent form of asthma during the period of exacerbation. Material and methods:: The research consists of 102 children with asthma who were treated in inpatient department in Simferopol Clinic. The intermittent course of asthma was recorded in 49 children and a persistent course of asthma was recorded in 53 children. The subject of study was blood serum and daily urine of observed patients. The level of calcium in the biological medium was studied using the "Filisit" test kit (Dnipro) and the activity of the creatine kinase by test set "Lahma". The levels of creatine and creatinine were determined using a colorimetric method based on a color reaction with picric acid. Results and conclusion: : The analysis testifies that creatinuria in children with persistent BA is caused by the disorder of the phosphorylation process rather than the disorder of creatinin rephosphorylation synthesis, that is testified by the normal creatinine level. In children with persistent BA, there is а decrease of creatinine concentration in the blood serum and urine during the exacerbation period and early post exacerbation period. The low activity of creatinine kinase at the background of creatinine elimination is typical for the children in the phase of exacerbation of persistent form of BA, though its level remains to be sufficient for the synthesis of the necessary amount of creatinine phosphate. Conclusion: The processes of creatinuria and calciuria in children suffering from a persistent form of BA are interdependent, that is testified by the data of correlative analysis. In connection with this, it is possible to consider the change of calcium homeostasis in the pathogenesis of the disease as one of the causes of distributing the creatinine metabolism on the cellular level.

Methods of effective low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma (literature review).

Bronchial asthma is an autoimmune disease, one of the most common and practically non-treatable by standard methods. At present, the used drugs only maintain a state of temporary remission, simultaneously having a negative effect on various organs and structures and causing side effects.At the same time, the experts have ignored more than 50 years of successful experience of low-level laser therapy, the results of hundreds of studies proving the effectiveness of the method in treating patients with all forms of bronchial asthma. It is proved that therapeutic and periodic (2–4 per year) courses of low-level laser therapy can significantly decrease the frequency and severity of attacks, reduce or cancel the reception of medicines, as well as negative consequences.In this brief review, only some part of studies is given as an example; pediatrics issues are almost not discussed. However, the review clearly demonstrates that various methods of laser illumination (specific techniques are given) make it possible to influence almost all the known pathogenesis of the disease, and low-level laser therapy is a truly effective method of treatment.We note that there are very few publications published on the topic outside of Russia. Russian scientists, as always, are ahead of world science and low-level laser therapy practice.