Iron defi ciency anemia as a comorbid disease with gallstone disease in children and adolescentsfor

Abstract

Introduction. Over the past decade, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia has increased. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it occurs in every 3 people in the world. Most often, anemia occurs in developing countries and is mainly affected by 2 groups of the population — young children and pregnant women. In pediatric practice, there are single works devoted to the problem of comorbidity, in connection with which our studies are of particular interest.Target research. To study the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children and adolescents with cholelithiasis living in the Krasnodar Territory.Material and methods. The study involved 146 children with cholelithiasis, selected based on the results of applying to the consultative polyclinic and inpatient departments of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnodar. Children were divided into three groups according to the number of comorbid diseases. Group I consisted of 50 (34.2%) children, including 36 (24.7%) girls and 14 (9.5%) boys, whose average age was 8.6 ± 4.5 years, with 3 somatic diseases. Group II included 55 (37.7%) children — 27 (18.5%) girls and 28 (19.2%) boys, the average age was 9.1 ± 4.4 years, with 4–5 chronic diseases. Group III consisted of 41 (28.1%) children. Of these, 18 (12.3%) girls and 23 (15.8%) boys, whose average age was 10.3 ± 4.7 years, had 6 or more chronic diseases. To establish the diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental research methods were used.Results and discussions. Among children with cholelithiasis, 12.3% had blood diseases, of which IDA occurred in 7.5% of cases. At the same time, out of 18 (12.3%) observed children with blood diseases, almost everyone had chronic gastroduodenitis — 13 (72.2%), dysfunctional disorders of the biliary tract were detected in every second child — 9 (50.0%), protein- energy deficiency — 8 (44.4%), every third had gastroesophageal disease and hepatitis — 5 (27.8% and 5–27.8%, respectively), every 6 child had chronic pancreatitis and myocardial dystrophy — 3 (16.7% and 2 (11.1%) respectively). In isolated cases, duodenal ulcer, celiac disease, colon anomaly- dolichosigma, liver cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, urinary tract infection, Gilbert’s disease, Niemann- Pick disease were identified. Allergic pathology occurred in every fourth child in the form of bronchial asthma — 4 (22.2%), hay fever — 5 (27.8%) and atopic dermatitis — 3 (16.7%).Conclusion. The study of the etiopathogenesis of anemia in cholelithiasis in children and adolescents is important. It allows you to outline rational ways to correct the underlying and concomitant diseases. With an increase in the comorbidity index in patients with cholelithiasis, the risk of developing IDA increases. Pollution of the environment with various pollutants in the form of pesticides and household waste introduced into the soil are trigger factors for the development of IDA and cholelithiasis.