Forms Of Advocacy Research Articles

Building Political Capital: Engaging Families in Child Health Policy.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics CHIP — : Children’s Health Insurance Program As we reflect on the recent election, it is relevant to consider the variety of roles that pediatricians can play in supporting and promoting public policies that benefit child health. Pediatricians have historically used their knowledge and experience to advocate for children and families in a number of forums, including authoring opinion pieces and editorials, participating in interviews with the media, and meeting with policy makers. Although these forms of advocacy are important, they lack a key characteristic: enhancing the agency of our patients and families. Although pediatricians often convey anecdotes to channel families’ experiences and perspectives in these forums, this type of advocacy does little to strengthen the voices and political capital of the families and communities we serve. To better ensure that future policy-making is informed by what is best for children’s health and welfare, should we consider it our duty to encourage families to engage in civic discourse and advocacy themselves? Advocacy on behalf of children and families is widely recognized as a central tenet of our field. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education emphasizes this aspect of the pediatrician’s role by mandating that all residency programs incorporate training in child advocacy.1 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has also highlighted this responsibility in their policy statement on poverty and child health, in which they recommend that community pediatricians “advocate for public policies that … Address correspondence to Polina Krass, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: krassp{at}email.chop.edu

Research Support In Policy Formulation At The Border Management Agency Of North Central Timor District

This study aimed (1) to analyze the role of research results in the formulation of border management policies in North Central Timor Regency conducted by the Regional Border Management Agency of North Central Timor Regency and (2) to analyze the obstacles faced by the Regional Border Management Agency in applying research results in the process of the policy formulation. The applied research approach was the descriptive qualitative method. This method was used to obtain data regarding the role of research results in the formulation of border management policies in North Central Timor Regency and the constraints faced by the Regional Border Management Agency in applying research results in the process of the policy formulation. Furthermore, data were collected using an in-depth interview, observation, and documentation.The results showed that the role of research results began to get attention at the stage of problem formulation in the Regional Border Management Agency of North Central Timor Regency to identify strategic issues related to border management in North Central Timor Regency. However, the use of research results in the formulation of policies has not been maximized. It was because of as follows. (a) Although published research results are easy to access, some researchers whose research is approved by the Regional Border Management Agency of North Central Timor Regency do not submit their research reports; (b) Research that is communicated effectively in the form of advocacy is conveyed by researchers through dissemination and intensive discussions as policy recommendations; (c) The time variable is the main factor for the effectiveness of the use of research results in the formulation of border management policies by the Regional Border Management Agency of North Central Timor Regency.

Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pembentukan kelompok tani sehat berbasis potensi lokal di Kelurahan Sialang Sakti, Kecamatan Tenayan Raya, Pekanbaru

Cassava is one of the foodstuffs whose role is quite important in supporting the food security of a region, but the diversification of food made from cassava still needs to be improved. Health responsibility in the implementation of food security is carried out by compiling reference standards and technical health requirements throughout the food chain process, the principles of Sanitation Hygiene. Sialang Sakti is one of the sub-districts in Tenayan Raya District and is one of the potential cassava producing villages to be developed. The purpose of the service activities included ordering farmer groups that focus on the environment which also functions as a promotion forum for the Healthy Living Movement. Activities carried out in the form of advocacy to related parties, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), ordering farmer groups, trainings, and other activities to support efforts to promote the healthy community movement. The result of the activity was the formation of farmer groups that focus on cassava and health promotion, increased knowledge and skills of cassava cultivation, and the presence of appropriate technology products, and partnership with related parties.

Infantologies. An EPAT collective writing project

Infantologies is a collective writing project designed to express and summarise important ideas, approaches and forms of advocacy in a short and condensed method, in order to present a network of d...

Grand Challenges, Covid‐19 and the Future of Organizational Scholarship

Grand Challenges, Covid‐19 and the Future of Organizational Scholarship

Bifurcated lobbying in America: group benefits and lobbyist selection

The kinds of benefits that groups seek from government predict the kinds of lobbyists they hire. Group benefits are linked to lobbyist selection for three reasons: groups attempt to maximize economic efficiency and preserve political agency, but have different levels of a priori influence with elected legislators. These motivations, which are not disentangled here, imply that private interests seeking selective benefits are more likely to hire multi-client lobbyists than public interests seeking collective benefits. I find strong support for this expectation by exploring the lobbyist hiring decisions of more than 80,000 groups. I then show that public interest groups prefer single-client agents when one controls for lobbyist pay levels, numbers of former legislators hired, and 501(c)(3) status. This last test suggests that private and public interests engage in genuinely different forms of advocacy, independent of material resources or restrictions on nonprofit lobbying.

Thinking Strategically About Climate Litigation

Efforts to drive action on climate change are increasingly turning to courts. Climate litigation is nothing new, but there has been a recent surge of cases with strategic ambitions. This use of litigation to achieve strategic goals mirrors a long history of human rights practitioners using litigation to achieve policy change. While climate litigators are recognizing the relevance of substantive human rights arguments to climate change, they have paid limited attention to how the human rights community has used litigation. This is a missed opportunity. The human rights community has spent decades debating the role of strategic litigation in effecting lasting change, reflecting on the role of strategic litigation and its relationship with other forms of advocacy and activism, and identifying how to minimise the risks of litigation and maximise its impact. There is potential for climate litigators to use and build on the hard-won lessons that human rights advocates have learned about how to use litigation most effectively and strategically when facing problems with deep social, economic and political roots. This paper outlines those links: it identifies the emergence of the next generation of climate litigation involving cases with strategic ambition; outlines the debates on strategic litigation within the human rights community; and considers how the lessons from those debates apply to climate litigation.

Class Struggle, Group Rights and Socialist Pluralism on the Lower East Side – Radical Lawyering and Constitutional Imagination in the Early Twentieth Century

Class Struggle, Group Rights and Socialist Pluralism on the Lower East Side – Radical Lawyering and Constitutional Imagination in the Early Twentieth Century

On beginning with justice: Bioethics, advocacy and the rights of asylum seekers.

The situation around the seeking of refuge, both in Australia and abroad, has become a core human rights issue of our time, engendering protest and activism from the public, researchers, healthcare professionals and academics. The question remains: do bioethicists have duties to advocate on behalf of such populations, and if so, why? I argue that if our work is founded upon the principle of justice, then we do have such duties, and that our research, in itself, can become a form of advocacy.

Predicting public support: applying theory to prosocial behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply communication theory to explore and help explain public support for causes and organizations in the form of prosocial behaviors, including donating, volunteering and participating in advocacy efforts.Design/methodology/approachThrough a survey of people (n=1,275) living in the USA who indicated supporting issues they cared about in 2017, this research gathered information about motivations for providing public support for various causes and non-profit organizations.FindingsThe situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was applied, and support was found for the STOPS model in terms of predicting communicative action. This study also found support for situational activeness influencing other behaviors, including active forms of communication, financial support, volunteer support and other forms of advocacy. Implications for practitioners managing communications or organizations involved in such efforts are discussed.Originality/valueThis research applied STOPS to study behaviors, including communication, volunteering, donating and participating in advocacy efforts as forms of prosocial behavior supporting different organizations related to many important issues. The paper provides theoretical value in terms of adding to the generalizability of the STOPS model for communications scholars and discusses practical implications for non-profit and other types of organizations.

The Possibility of Non-Litigation Advocacy Through Comedy and a New Media: Analysis of the Indonesian Comic “Sakdiyah Ma’ruf”

Conventional prosecutions in Indonesia have failed to protect religious freedom and belief as they are often ineffective, unequal, political and authoritarian in decisionmaking for vulnerable groups (grassroots). The state, which should be responsible for protecting the rights of its citizens, instead has a tendency to criminalize victims through inflexible laws. The failings of the legal system has developed a need for non-litigation advocacy to influence public awareness, to balance information, enlarge group support and strengthen the grassroots position. This can be achieved through means such as demonstrations and campaigns through performing arts, as well as conventional arts by the educated middle class. The difficulty in these forms of advocacy has been that grassroots groups still perceive demonstrations as anarchist actions and campaigns through conventional art also less interactive, making it very difficult to engage grassroots communities. The objectives posed in this paper then, are to find the possibility of interactive non-litigation advocacy in a “new media”, and to understand to what extent the public has responded to the campaign conducted by the comic Sakdiyah Ma’ruf. This study uses descriptive content analysis focused on the issue experienced by the comic Sakdiyah Ma‘ruf. In analyzing the data, this research reveals that standup comedy presented by Sakdiyah Ma‘ruf can be used as a form of interactive non-litigation advocacy that can enlarge group support through new media about the conditions of freedom for Muslim women in Indonesia and on wider human rights discourse.

Historical Dialogue: Conceptualizing and Mapping a Field

This Introduction provides an overview of the term historical dialogue, and its relationship to the fields of transitional justice, memory studies, peacebuilding and conflict transformation. In considering the challenges facing post-conflict societies, the author suggests ways in which these different fields respond to a wide range of challenges that the legacy of violence incurs. With a particular focus on historical dialogue, and the ways in which historical dialogue is framed within the issue, Lang proposes considering history itself as a form of advocacy and an integral component of peacebuilding.

Exploring prenatal genetic counselors' perceptions of abortion laws in restrictive states.

In many states, abortion laws are becoming increasingly restrictive. Prenatal genetic counselors often see patients after the diagnosis of a fetal abnormality or genetic disorder and discuss the option of termination of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to understand prenatal genetic counselors' perspectives on how state abortion laws impact their practice. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 prenatal genetic counselors in states with restrictive abortion laws who were recruited from the National Society of Genetic Counselors' online directory. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed thematically, yielding five themes: genetic counselors in this study described (a) how state laws restrict access to abortion; (b) how they navigate state laws and institutional policies regarding abortion; (c) how they tailor their professional practice in the context of state abortion laws; (d) how abortion laws burden patients; and (e) how they engage in forms of advocacy. Participants described the financial and emotional burden placed on their patients by state abortion laws and how the laws influence their patient interactions. As access to abortion becomes more restricted, it is important to be aware of how this will impact genetic counselors and their patients.

Advocacy and Enactment: Exercitives and Acts of Arguing

Goodwin and Innocenti (2016) have contended that giving reasons may be a form of enactment, where a claim is supported by the very activity of making the claim. In my view, the kind of interaction that these authors are considering should be analysed as a form of advocacy, and therefore as an exercitive speech act. In this paper I will suggest that acts of advocating, qua illocutions, institute a normative framework where the speaker’s obligation to justify cannot be redeemed by a mere “making reasons apparent”. In general, giving reasons is part of the procedure in virtue of which the advocate’s authority to exert influence is recognised by their addressees. This illocutionary effect should be distinguished from other perlocutionary consequences.

Bioethics and activism: A natural fit?

Bioethics is a practically oriented discipline that developed to address pressing ethical issues arising from developments in the life sciences. Given this inherent practical bent, some form of advocacy or activism seems inherent to the nature of bioethics. However, there are potential tensions between being a bioethics activist, and academic ideals. In academic bioethics, scholarship involves reflection, rigour and the embrace of complexity and uncertainty. These values of scholarship seem to be in tension with being an activist, which requires pragmatism, simplicity, certainty and, above all, action. In this paper I explore this apparent dichotomy, using the case example of my own involvement in international efforts to end forced organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience in China. I conclude that these tensions can be managed and that academic bioethics requires a willingness to be activist.

Humanitarian Diplomacy: The ICRC's Neutral and Impartial Advocacy in Armed Conflicts

AbstractAs part of a roundtable on “Balancing Legal Norms, Moral Values, and National Interests,” this essay describes the humanitarian diplomacy of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) by comparing it conceptually with other forms of advocacy and illustrating it with the ICRC's recent experience in the Yemen crisis. Humanitarian diplomacy is examined as one particular way of balancing legal norms, moral values, and national interests in the pursuit of greater respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) and principled humanitarian action in armed conflicts. The essay looks back to ancient history for archetypal forms of humanitarian advocacy in various cultural traditions. It then describes humanitarian diplomacy's practice of discreet diplomacy and confidential dialogue with all parties to a conflict, and compares its relatively “quiet” approach with the “loud” approach of outrage activism focused on “naming and shaming,” which tends to be the norm today. The essay argues that there is an important and complementary place for the ICRC's style of humanitarian diplomacy alongside other forms of advocacy even in the face of criticism that the ICRC is sometimes publicly silent about what it knows of atrocities and avoids naming and shaming.

The Role of NGOs as Civil Society Control in Corruption Eradication in North Bengkulu Regency

The role of NGOs is important because it is carried out directly by the community in general without any restrictions in terms of both quantity and time, so it is expected that it is difficult for collusion to happen between NGOs and corruptors. However, in practice, the role of NGOs can become elitist and NGOs are not rooted in the community and do not represent the interests of the wider community so that the role of NGOs can be manipulated by officials for personal gains. This study aims to describe the role of NGOs in its function as a social control agent in the eradication of corruption in North Bengkulu Regency. By using a qualitative approach and descriptive type of research, data collection is done through interviews, documentation, and observational studies. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 (three) main roles of NGOs, namely educative, advocative, and investigative roles. The role of non-governmental organizations in building community awareness is only carried out by a small number of NGOs with limited frequency. The role of non-governmental organizations in the form of advocacy on government policies is carried out passively by providing input when requested by local governments such as in meetings or discussions arranged by the government. The role of non-governmental organizations in the form of demonstrations against corruption behavior and practices is still very limited by non-governmental organizations in North Bengkulu. While the role of non-governmental organizations in the form of investigations on corrupt practices has been carried out by almost all non-governmental organizations engaged in the eradication of corruption and the monitoring of the administration of governance in North Bengkulu, but follow-up efforts to encourage an official investigation into the results of the investigation have not been maximized and even some Non-governmental organizations utilize the results of investigations to obtain personal gains.

Disabling discourses and some implications for parent leadership in special education policy and practice

ABSTRACT The paper aims to explore ways in which mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) attempt to voice their concerns about current discourses and power imbalances enshrined in special education policy and provision. Mothers’ narratives are important in making transparent the multiple forms of ‘disablism’ experienced by them in their attempts to negotiate and counteract on behalf of their children deficit-based and discriminatory discourses and professional practices that violate their children’s rights, notwithstanding international and national legal mandates promoting a rights-based approach to disability. Their narrated subjugated agency in disability politics highlights the imperative to introduce new forms of advocacy through parent leadership in order to enable parents to have a more active and strategic role in challenging disabling discourses and practices that undermine their children’s rights and entitlements.

Donors for democracy? Philanthropy and the challenges facing America in the twenty-first century

After the election of Donald Trump to the U.S. presidency, a self-defined “resistance” movement arose to block his agenda. This movement cut across the normal boundaries of political activism to create new forms of advocacy and new models of cooperation. Major components of the resistance were ideological interest groups, women’s organizations, environmentalists, heretofore disengaged Millennials, racial and ethnic groups, community nonprofits, and, ostensibly, foundations and leading philanthropists—those we term “patrons.” We systematically examine the behavior of patrons to determine what role they played at this unique time in American history. We place this research in the context of interest group behavior, asking how patrons may have facilitated representation, altered strategic plans, reoriented advocacy, and repositioned themselves within policy communities supporting similar goals. Our findings undermine the idea that patrons played a central role in the developing resistance to the new administration, despite the fact that the new president was working against their values and the programs they support. However, a non-trivial minority of patrons, both institutional and individual, did mobilize their voice, institutional resources, and coalitions to resist the Trump agenda. These examples allow us to explore how patrons in some conditions might fulfill the roles of interest groups conventionally understood.

Alternative Action Organizations: Social Solidarity or Political Advocacy?

This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of political advocacy in an attempt to gauge their degree of politicization. These forms can be understood as representing three different ways of making political claims: by raising public awareness with respect to a given cause or issue, by trying to influence the policy maker through “insider” lobbying activities, and by protesting in the streets as “outsiders.” Our findings show strong cross-national variations in all three forms of political activities, although not always following a consistent pattern. They also suggest that there is a relationship between the severity of the economic crisis and the form of advocacy. Most important, our analysis suggests that the politicization of alternative action organizations depends both on certain internal characteristics such as their degree of formalization and professionalization, as well as their thematic focus, and the scope of their activities, and on the broader context in terms of economic crisis, austerity policies, and political opportunities. As regards the latter, we find an impact especially on lobbying and protesting.