3D Form Research Articles

MODEL FOR DESCRIBING THE VARIATION OF SOME AGROCHEMICAL INDICES OF THE SOIL

The study evaluated the interdependence relationship between certain agrochemical indices of soil fertility. Soil reaction (pH), organic matter (H), nitrogen index (NI), base saturation degree (V), phosphorus (P) and potassium content (K) were analyzed. The variation of NI in relation to H was described by a polynomial equation of degree 2, inconditions of R2 = 0.876, p = 0.0151. Mobile phosphorus soil content (P) in relation to soil pH was described by a polynomial equation of degree 2, and from the derivation of the equation was obtained the value of pH = 6.77 at which P had high mobility in soil, and high accessibility for plants. The P variation was analyzed by regression analysis in relation to pH and V, under conditions of R<sup<2</sup< = 0.817. The distribution in 3D form and in the form of isoquants of the P values in relation to soil pH and V was obtained. The variation of K was analyzed by regression analysis in relation to pH and P (R<sup<2</sup< = 0.776), and in relation to pH and NI (R<sup<2</sup< = 0.949) respectively. The graphical distribution in 3D and isoquants form of the K values in relation to pH and P, respectively in relation to pH and NI was obtained.

Book Review: So You Want to Create Maps Using Drones?

A new tool to collect aerial photography is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs or Drones) that obtains the set of photographs and put them into the process. The photogrammetry creates a 3D modelling if it is updated. Eventually, the book's contents may not be up-to-date. However, the overview of the content gives the readers the basic meanings of keywords compared to creating 3D modelling forms of photography. The direction of tool development is also along with case-studies for easy understanding. Even though at the beginning of the book is hard to understand what has been communicated, the middle and end of the book describe the contentquite well. It has an example of work to show the overall clarity.

Determination Of Prescription Dose Around The Target Using Tps 3d Ocentra 4.5.3 On Ca-Thyroid

Determination of the therapeutic dose (Prescription Dose) around the target using 3D TPS in the case of Ca-Thyroid is used to perform contouring in 3D form of a Ca-Thyroid target volume so that at the time of treatment the right dose can be obtained to kill the target. but also minimize the effects received by OAR. So it is necessary to know the stages in determining the therapeutic dose using TPS in 3D with the software used is Oncentra. This research was conducted using the observation method and the interview method with the field supervisor. From this research, it was found that TPS 3D CRT is a technique of CT planning so that the isodose curve can be formed according to the shape of the target volume. Determination of the therapeutic dose (prescription dose) can be carried out in four stages, namely the initial stage (opening the program), initial planning (contouring internally and externally), planning beam, and dose calculation. So that from the four stages, the dose per fraction of OAR is 2.01 Gy right eye, left eye 0.73 Gy, right eye lens 0.45 Gy, left eye lens 0.19 Gy, and spinal cord 1.8 Gy. . While the dose per fraction for the target volume is GTV 2.77 Gy, PTV 2.92 Gy, and CTV 2.83 Gy.

3D Pipe Forming of a New Bending Machine with a 3PUU–3RPS Hybrid Mechanism

To achieve the spatial variable curvature bending process of metal pipes, one 3PUU–3RPS hybrid mechanism designed for the free-bending forming of pipes is presented in this study. Its kinematics model was conducted based on theoretical analysis, and the obtained result was validated through ADAMS simulation. Through the theoretical analysis, the inverse position model of the proposed mechanical construction, which can show the relationship between the motion and the drive of the working platform, was presented. The velocity Jacobian matrix was also obtained and analyzed by establishing the inverse velocity model and inverse acceleration model. In addition, the static stiffness analysis of the proposed mechanical construction was also conducted in ABAQUS. Finally, by investigating its working space, the capability of 3PUU–3RPS mechanism was proved.

SMARTPHONE-BASED TRAFFIC NOISE MAPPING SYSTEM

Abstract. Noise pollution is one of the most serious environmental threats to human health. Noise is becoming more prevalent in urban areas, and it is having a negative impact on human health. The increase in noise is due to the increase in the number of vehicles that creates chaos over the road due to honking. Smart monitoring using is smartphones is required to reduce human dependency and monitor data efficiently to reduce logistical obstacles. A smartphone-based noise monitoring solution can handle the problem of monitoring noise at various traffic crossings in a metropolis. The topographical data, noise data, and noise prediction models are required for forecasting noise levels and showing them as maps. In the Indian city of Lucknow, the entire procedure is being performed by providing a map of 2D and 3D forms. The smartphone-based software tracks noise levels at three road crossings at three different times each day. The collected noise levels were calibrated against a standard noise metre to achieve correct noise levels for these sites. Following that, three noise environment types are chosen and mapped using open-source satellite images and conventional noise models through the web on the GIS platform. The anticipated noise levels on the maps were compared to recorded noise data from identical locations using a conventional noise metre for these three crossings and were found to be within 5.5 dB of accuracy. For 3D mapping, shadow height provides the Z value for point cloud DEM generation for 3D model for noise data of city of Lucknow.

Study on the Distribution of Frictional Forces on Z-yarn Continuous Implanted Preforms and Their Applications

To improve the quality and efficiency of Z-directional 3D preform forming, the Z-yarn frictional force distribution model of the preform and its wear mechanism were investigated. In this study, a tensile force measuring device was designed to measure the force required to replace the guide sleeve, which is equivalent to the Z-yarn frictional forces. The frictional force is proportional to the number of preform layers and is applied to the preform decreased from the corner, edge, sub-edge, and middle in order. A back propagation neural network model was established to predict the friction at different positions of the preform with different layers, and the error was within 1.9%. The wear of Z-yarn was studied at different frictional positions and after different times of successive implantation into the preform. The results showed that with an increase in the number of Z-yarn implantations and frictional forces, the amount of carbon fiber bundle hairiness gradually increased, and the tensile fracture strength damage of the fiber was increasingly affected by the frictional forces. In the corner position of the preform, when the number of implantations was 25, the fiber fracture strength decreased non-linearly and substantially; in order to avoid fiber fracturing in the implantation process, the Z-yarn needs to be replaced in time after 20–25 cycles of continuous implantation. This study solves the problem of difficulty in measuring the force required for individual replacements owing to the excessive number of guide sleeves, puts forward the relationship between fiber wear, preform position, and implantation times, solves the phenomenon of fracture in the preform during Z-direction fiber implantation, and realizes the continuous implantation of fibers.

Combining 3D run-length encoding coding and searching techniques for medical image compression

<p><span>The field of image compression became a mandatory tool to face the increasing and advancing production of medical images, besides the inevitable need for smaller size of medical images in telemedicine systems. In spite of its simplicity, run-length encoding (RLE) technique is a considerably effective and practical tool in the field of lossless image compression. Such that, it is widely recommended for 2D space that utilizes common searching techniques like linear and zigzag. This paper adopts a new algorithm taking advantage of the potential simplicity of the run-length algorithm to contribute a volumetric RLE approach for binary medical data in the 3D form. The proposed volumetric-RLE (VRLE) algorithm differs from the 2D RLE approach utilizing correlations of intra-slice only, which is used for compressing binary medical data utilizing voxel-correlations of inter-slice. Furthermore, several forms of scanning are used to extending proposed technique like Hilbert and Perimeter, which determines the best possible procedure of scanning suitable for data morphology considering the segmented organ. This work employs proposed algorithm on four image datasets to get as sufficient as possible evaluation. Experimental results and benchmarking illustrate that the performance of the proposed technique surpasses other state-of-the-art techniques with 1:30 enhancement on average.</span></p>

Bringing shape into focus: Assessing differences between blades and bladelets and their technological significance in 3D form

Laminar technologies were adopted by Paleolithic foragers to produce a variable range of stone implements. Archaeologists have reconstructed the different reduction procedures involved in the production of laminar stone tools, often underlying a separation between the bigger blanks (i.e., blades) and smaller bladelets. However, these two blank types are in most cases poorly defined, as their classification typically relies on arbitrary size thresholds that do not consider blank shape, which is a fundamental component of tool production and function. In this study, we investigate whether traditional classifications of blades and bladelets are morphologically and technologically meaningful. For this purpose, we employ a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach on a large sample of complete blanks retrieved from one of the earliest laminar industries assigned to modern humans in southern Europe: the Protoaurignacian from Fumane Cave. We rely on a cutting-edge protocol for acquiring virtual 3D meshes of stone tools using micro-computed tomography. This novel approach allows us to scan large quantities of small lithics in a short period of time and without the typical technical problems associated with scanning small objects. After calculating the principal components of shape variation, we explore differences and similarities across the dataset using linear discriminant analysis and analysis of variance. Our multivariate study highlights distinct morphological tendencies across blades and bladelets that are however better framed when the technological organization of Protoaurignacian stone knapping is taken into consideration. Overall, our results demonstrate that virtual analysis of stone tool shape can help elucidate aspects of lithic technology and its implications for past human behavior.

A Review on Quantitative Structure-Activity and Relationships (QSAR) Methods

QSAR is an analytical application that can be used to interpret the quantitative relationship between the biological activities of a particular molecule and its structure. The product of QSAR will then produce useful equations, images or models in either 2D or 3D form that would relate their biological responses or physical properties to their molecular structure. Hologram QSAR (HQSAR) uses molecular holograms and PLS to generate fragment-based structure-activity relationships. Unlike other 3D-QSAR methods, HQSAR does not require alignment of molecules, allowing automated analysis of very large data sets. CoMFA can be applied, as it often is, when the 3D structure of the receptor is unknown. To apply CoMFA, all that is needed are the activities and the 3D structures of the molecules. Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) is known as one of the newer 3D QSAR methodology. This technique is most commonly used in drug discovery to find the common features that are important in binding to the relevant biological receptor. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used to explore a linear correlation between the CoMFA and CoMSIA fields and the biological activity values.

PD53-02 CYTOTOXICITY CAUSED BY CISPLATIN, VENETOCLAX, AND S63845 TO UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA CELLS EXPANDED IN 3D ORGANOIDS DIFFERS CLEARLY FROM CYTOTOXICITY TO AUTOLOGOUS 2D ADHERENT CELLS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD53-02 CYTOTOXICITY CAUSED BY CISPLATIN, VENETOCLAX, AND S63845 TO UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA CELLS EXPANDED IN 3D ORGANOIDS DIFFERS CLEARLY FROM CYTOTOXICITY TO AUTOLOGOUS 2D ADHERENT CELLS Yi Wei, Bastian Amend, Wilhelm K. Aicher, Arnulf Stenzl, and Niklas Harland Yi WeiYi Wei More articles by this author , Bastian AmendBastian Amend More articles by this author , Wilhelm K. AicherWilhelm K. Aicher More articles by this author , Arnulf StenzlArnulf Stenzl More articles by this author , and Niklas HarlandNiklas Harland More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002630.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) constructs reflecting the micro-anatomy of the tissue of origin and some of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions observed in vivo. They serve as important tools for research, complementing normal 2-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. The objective of this study was to compare the response of urothelial carcinoma cells to three cancer chemotherapy agents, in a 3D organoid form vs. a conventional 2D culture form, in order to assess if the 3D organoid method is better able to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy agents. METHODS: Bladder cancer tissue was obtained from surgery to produce organoids. Cells were isolated, resuspended in a hydrogel, and incubated in media complemented with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. To characterize the cells, the expression of urothelial and mesenchymal markers was assessed. To assess cytotoxicity, cisplatin (CIS, 1–30 μM), venetoclax (VTX, 0.6–10 μM), and S63845 (0.6–10 μM) were added to the organoids and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell viability was quantified by CellTiter Glo 3D reagents in a GloMax reader. Untreated organoids and solvent-only samples served as controls. The effects of these components on the autologous cells in 2D cultures were measured using CellTiter Glo 2.0 chemistry. RESULTS: Organoids were established from upper tract urothelial carcinoma (BCO#56) and bladder cancer (BCO#140 and BCO#147) samples. Urothelial markers AE1/AE3, CK5, CK20, and FGFR3 and mesenchymal marker vimentin were expressed in organoids. In drug tests, BCO#56 and BCO#147 yielded different IC50s in organoids compared to corresponding 2D cells towards CIS, VTX, and S63. The IC50s of BCO#140 yielded very similar sensitivities in organoids vs 2D cultures (table). CONCLUSIONS: Two of the three samples tested showed significantly different sensitivity to all three chemotherapy agents tested when assessed in organoids compared to conventional 2D cell cultures Further research is needed to determine if conventional 2D cell culture or newer 3D organoids are the more reliable method for assessing cytotoxicity. Until then, results from either method should not be relied upon, unless they are consistent with results from the other method. Source of Funding: Leuze Stiftung, DFG: GRK2543We thank for proofreading & feedback by Dr. M. Hanna © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e910 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Yi Wei More articles by this author Bastian Amend More articles by this author Wilhelm K. Aicher More articles by this author Arnulf Stenzl More articles by this author Niklas Harland More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Data-driven affective product design using complete three-dimensional surface data

As the main part of design display and evaluation, product three-dimensional (3D) form is the core object in affective product design. However, previous research has not yet addressed the development of technical models and method involving complete 3D surface data, and thus cannot guarantee the quality of affective product design. By using the techniques of triangular mesh model, spherical harmonic and conditional variational auto-encoder, this paper proposes a data-driven affective product design method composed of several technical models using complete 3D surface data. These models include: mathematical model for quantifying 3D form, recognition model for recognizing customer’s affective responses, and generative model for generating new 3D forms. For affective product design, the mathematical model achieves the acquisition and processing of complete 3D surface data, the recognition model improves the objectivity and accuracy of recognition by integrating the 3D form data into the calculation process of emotion recognition, and the generative model realizes the automatic generation of new 3D forms in response to emotional data based on the recognition results. Each model provides technical support for realizing the acquisition, processing and generation of complete 3D surface data of product form, and ensures the systematicness and completeness of the proposed method for the affective product design involving 3D form innovation. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example of car design, and the results show that it is an effective affective product design method involving 3D form innovation.

Complexity and aesthetics in generative and evolutionary art

In this paper we examine the concept of complexity as it applies to generative and evolutionary art and design. Complexity has many different, discipline specific definitions, such as complexity in physical systems (entropy), algorithmic measures of information complexity and the field of “complex systems”. We apply a series of different complexity measures to three different evolutionary art datasets and look at the correlations between complexity and individual aesthetic judgement by the artist (in the case of two datasets) or the physically measured complexity of generative 3D forms. Our results show that the degree of correlation is different for each set and measure, indicating that there is no overall “better” measure. However, specific measures do perform well on individual datasets, indicating that careful choice can increase the value of using such measures. We then assess the value of complexity measures for the audience by undertaking a large-scale survey on the perception of complexity and aesthetics. We conclude by discussing the value of direct measures in generative and evolutionary art, reinforcing recent findings from neuroimaging and psychology which suggest human aesthetic judgement is informed by many extrinsic factors beyond the measurable properties of the object being judged.

Are petrous bones just a repository of ancient biomolecules? Investigating biosystematic signals in sheep petrous bones using 3D geometric morphometrics

Over the last decade, the petrous bone (petrosum) has become the ultimate repository of ancient biomolecules, leading to a plea for a more ethical curation preventing the systematic destruction of this bioarchaeological archive. Here, we propose to explore the biosystematic signal encompassed in the biological form of 152 petrosa from modern populations of wild and domestic sheep landraces/breeds across Western Europe, South-Western Asia and Africa, using high resolution geometric morphometrics (GMM) and the latest development in 3D virtual morphology. We assessed the taxonomic signals among wild and domestic caprine species and sheep landraces. We also explored the effect of sexual dimorphism and ageing at the population scale. Finally, we assessed the influence of climatic factors across the geographic distribution of our dataset using Köppen-Geiger climate categories.We found that the 3D form of petrous bones can accurately separate wild and domestic caprine taxa and that it is not influenced by sexual dimorphism, post-natal ageing or horn bearing. Recent selective breeding has not induced sufficient diversification to allow accurate identification of the different landraces/breeds in sheep; however, both genetic distance and climatic differences across the current distribution in sheep landraces/breeds strongly contribute to petrosum intraspecific variation. Finally, human mediated dispersal of domestic sheep outside their Near Eastern cradle, especially towards Africa, have greatly contributed to the diversification of sheep petrous bone form and shape. We therefore highly recommend systematic 3D surface modelling of archaeological petrosa with preliminary GMM studies to help target and reduce destructive biomolecular studies.

Building a 3D Form to Recognize Facial Images

There are several problems with the ability to recognize facial images, so the image was built in a 3D format, which allows users to evaluate and form the necessary properties of the entire object, while it is impossible to do this in two-dimensional form. Reprinting an object in an image form enables most of the properties of the target image by using layer-based neural networks that learn sequentially with discrete mathematical structures. A two-dimensional image is taken, and then the 3D shape is used in the image to spatially renovate it while different noise levels and different lighting levels are considered. This paper aims to show that the model for reconstructing the three-dimensional image reveals the dilemma of defining the basic characteristics of the image as a whole in all cases of interference, even if the viewpoint of taking the image changes. The processing has several stages. First, input the data processing result obtained in the previous level into the next level input to get the final result. After training, the first level sequences are represented as graphs, and then the input image data is sent to the first layer of the recognition model to calculate h. Consistent activation of learning validity for each subsequent level of the proposed model of reprinting an object in an image completely solves the problem of identifying a person from the front image as a whole under interference and regardless of the change in the perspective image.

Sponge-like piezoelectric micro- and nanofiber structures for mechanical energy harvesting

Herein, the one-step fabrication of novel three-dimensional sponge-like piezoelectric electrospun nanofiber structures is reported. Ferroelectric polymers are biocompatible and flexible materials that present attractive opportunities for the fabrication of portable energy harvesters for energy efficient wearable electronic devices. While being compatible with diverse fabrication methods, thicker and denser 3D forms have only been obtained from extruder-based, low-yield approaches. Electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) solutions with added polyethylene oxide (PEO) and lithium chloride was explored as an alternative approach for the scaled-up fabrication of 3D structures. The resulting PVDF/PEO and PVDF-TrFE/PEO 700 µm thick sponge-like fiber mats were used as active cores for piezoelectric generators. The produced sponge-like core generators achieved an average peak-to-peak voltage of 69.4 V when subjected to a 1.58 N impact force applied at a frequency of 4 Hz and connected to a 15.1 M Ω resistive load. Their measured instantaneous output power of 40.7 µW cm–2 exceeds that of similar state-of-the-art generators by a factor of 2. Our fabrication method provides a low-cost, one-step, and scalable alternative for creating micro- and nanofibrous three-dimensional structures.

Finite-deformation phase-field microelasticity with application to dislocation core and reaction modeling in fcc crystals

The purpose of the current work is the formulation of finite-deformation phase-field microelasticity (FDPFM) and its application to the modeling of (i) the dislocation core and (ii) dislocation interaction/reaction on intersecting glide planes in fcc crystals. The corresponding model formulation is carried out in the context of continuum thermodynamics; for simplicity, isothermal, quasi-static conditions are assumed. The resulting model rests in particular on generalized Ginzburg–Landau relations for dislocation slip-line phase field evolution depending on the Peach-Koehler (PK) force. Restricting attention to (periodic) bulk single crystal behavior, the algorithmic formulation and numerical implementation of FDPFM employs Green function, spectral, and Fourier methods generalized to geometric non-linearity. More specifically, algorithms for control of either the mean deformation gradient, or the mean Cauchy stress (i.e., PK force control) are developed. As in ”standard” linear PFM, the free energy model in FDPFM is based on elastic, crystal and gradient contributions. In order to model dislocation interaction and reactions on multiple intersecting glide planes, the ”standard” 2D stacking-fault-energy-based PFM crystal energy is generalized here to 3D crystallographic form for dissociation, partial fcc dislocations and stacking fault formation. Comparison of FDPFM and atomistic (MS) simulation results for higher-order local continuous and discrete deformation measures (e.g., dislocation tensor) in the core of a dissociated edge dislocation in Au show generally good agreement. In addition, results from FDPFM and MS are compared for dislocation reactions in Al on two intersecting glide planes. In the case of collinear reaction, for example, good qualitative agreement with MS results is obtained only when the dislocation slip on multiple glide planes is energetically coupled in the crystal energy.

The impacts of fabrication systems on 3D concrete printing building forms

Recently, 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology starts entering the market from factories and laboratories, contributing to the creation of new construction methods and architectural forms. However, since the technologies of most 3DCP institutions are independently developed, there is a lack of consensus in terms of construction methods and development approaches in the industry. In this paper, based on 42 3DCP architectural works completed in last five years, a quantitative analysis was made to evaluate the impacts of the fabrication system on 3DCP building forms. The paper introduced three criteria, including Workspace Index, Geometric Complexity Index, and Tectonic Prospect Index, analyzing and answering the discussions about “adopting in-situ printing or prefabrication”, “using gantry printers or robotic arms” from the perspective of architectural form. By analyzing specific construction methods and design strategies in these projects, the research summarized three development trends, “mobile equipment, algorithmic structure, and intelligent construction”, which will affect the future development of 3DCP building forms. Finally, the paper discussed the advantages, limitations, and potential of four different 3DCP fabrication systems, expecting to point out the directions to further optimize each system and realize more diverse 3DCP buildings.

3D convex contact forms and the Ruelle invariant

Let \(X \subset {\mathbb {R}}^4\) be a convex domain with smooth boundary Y. We use a relation between the extrinsic curvature of Y and the Ruelle invariant of the Reeb flow on Y to prove that there are constants \(C> c > 0\) independent of Y such that $$\begin{aligned} c \leqslant {\text {ru}}(Y) \cdot {\text {sys}}(Y)^{1/2} \leqslant C \end{aligned}$$Here \({\text {sys}}(Y)\) is the systolic ratio of Y, i.e. the square of the minimal period of a closed Reeb orbit of Y divided by twice the volume of X, and \({\text {ru}}(Y)\) is the volume-normalized Ruelle invariant. We then construct dynamically convex contact forms on \(S^3\) that violate this bound using methods of Abbondandolo–Bramham–Hryniewicz–Salomão. These are the first examples of dynamically convex contact 3-spheres that are not strictly contactomorphic to a convex boundary Y.

Mapping Submarine Geomorphology of the Philippine and Mariana Trenches By an Automated Approach Using GMT Scripts

Abstract This paper presents a geospatial analysis of two oceanic trenches using a GMT (Generic Mapping Tools) cartographic method that exploits the scripting approach to visualisation of their geometric shapes. To this end, the research applies the high-resolution datasets GEBCO and ETOPO1 and ETOPO5 for modelling of the submarine relief. This allows taking into account the 2D and 3D shape deviations in the geomorphology of the two selected segments of the trenches by transecting a series of the cross-section profiles. A scripting algorithm of spatial data processing based on the GMT techniques visualised the topography of the submarine objects in 2D and 3D forms and extracted the topographic data from raster grids for statistical analysis of depth using the cross-section transect profiles of both trenches. The bathymetry of the Mariana Trench was evaluated in the southern segment located near the Challenger Deep area, southwest of Guam Island, in comparison with the segment of the Philippine Trench, which was transected in the surroundings of Mindanao Island. The study presented a comparative submarine geomorphic modelling and spatial analysis of the Philippine Sea basin area. The bathymetric analysis of the relief in the Mariana and Philippine trenches showed effective performance of the GMT scripting toolset in advanced cartographic data analysis and visualisation.

Free or fixed state of nHAP differentially regulates hBMSC morphology and osteogenesis through the valve role of ITGA7.

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) has been widely used in bone repair as an osteo-inductive and naturally-occurring material. However, the optimal applied form of nHAP and the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. Herein, to investigate into these, a range of corresponding models were designed, including three applied forms of nHAP (Free, Coating and 3D) that belong to two states (Free or fixed). The results indicate that when fixed nHAP was applied in the 3D form, optimal osteogenesis was induced in human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) with increased bone volume via integrin α7 (ITGA7)-mediated upregulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, while contrary results were observed with free nHAP. Ectopic osteogenesis experiments in mice subcutaneous transplantation model further confirmed the different tendencies of ITGA7 expression and osteogenesis of hBMSCs in free and fixed states of nHAP. Our results revealed that the two states of nHAP play a different regulatory role in cell morphology and osteogenesis through the valve role of ITGA7, providing cues for better application of nanoparticles and a potential new molecular target in bone tissue engineering.