Field Of Forestry Research Articles

Contribution of local knowledge towards urban agroforestry as a sustainable approach on climate change adaptation

A crucial role in climate change adaptation is the one that should be played by cities. These are major contributors to climate change as well as most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As urban population in cities increases, so does the greenhouse gas emissions. Urbanisation and the growth of cities continues at great speed, and today the global urban population has increased nine fold since 100 years ago. Though presented with current challenges and threats such as environmental degradation, urban poverty and food security, urban density could create a better quality of life and a lower carbon footprint by innovative approach and more efficient infrastructure planning. Creative solutions are implemented as part of the sustainability component of an integrated, climate resilient city, which comprises of fundamental aspects such as food, water, energy and transport. Application of local knowledge on agroforestry can be utilized in an urban setting, and has positive impacts on a microclimate scale, such as reduces impact of higher rainfall, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reduces vulnerability on the urban poor. Urban agroforestry largely contributes to sustainable urban food production opportunities, and encompasses four main fields of practice, including agroecology, urban forestry, urban agriculture and permaculture. This paper examines the local knowledge of agroforestry and how the local knowledge can be transferred into practice in an urban setting, thus providing a sustainable approach towards climate change adaptation in cities.

Mapping Forest and Surrounding Landscape Changes 1949-2015 at the University of Michigan's Historic Forestry Education Properties

ABSTRACTThree forested properties owned by the University of Michigan and near to Ann Arbor were the sites of some of the earliest forestry field education in the USA. No longer managed solely for this purpose after the mid-1960s, and at the same time nested within a rapidly developing area of Michigan, current planning for the properties focuses on melding their historic legacy with renewed ecologically and sustainably sound uses. We developed new maps and knowledge of forest and land change within and surrounding the properties between 1949 and 2015. We acquired aerial photography at 5-10 year intervals, created land-cover/land-use and change data, and identified key trajectories of change. Results within Saginaw Forest (established 1904) showed a consistent amount of forest area, but transitions in some observed overstory composition from coniferous to mixed forest between 1949 and 2015. Within the present-day extent of Stinchfield Woods and the Newcomb Tract (established 1925-1955), forest area increased from 68% to 98% and 51% to 93% respectively between 1949 and 2015, as forest plantations and other regrowth replaced former cleared lands. In 0.5 km-wide buffer areas surrounding the properties, agriculture decreased, and urban uses increased dramatically between 1949 and 2015 for all three sites. Forested land cover has also increased on the surrounding landscapes, again replacing agriculture and grassland. The properties today still display the legacies of their historic forestry education and research, and are living laboratories of natural succession in planted forests. The properties now also represent some of the most protected local lands while the landscapes surrounding them continue to change.

THE INTEGRAL ESTIMATE OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF FOREST LANDSCAPES OF DUBROVYTSIA REGION AS A RESULT OF UNSECURED EXTRACTION OF AMBER

The problem that arose on the territory of Dubrovytskyi region as a result of unauthorized extraction of amber contributes to the rapid growth of anthropogenic pressure on forest landscapes, causes them irreparable damage, leads to the ecological and economic crisis of the district, imbalances in the social situation of the inhabitants of the district, significant damage in the field of forestry, creates the basis for the emergence related environmental problems. The following research is relevant due to the fact that the given problem has not been studied by many and therefore requires an appropriate response. As there are a lot of aspects that were not investigated in the research of this problem, it is a new and promising area to study. At the moment, there is a lack of scientific data concerning the issue studied. First publications were printed only a couple of years ago and were of descriptive character. The main aim of this work is to determine and evaluate the level of anthropization of the forest landscapes in the Dubvrovytsia Region. The investigation was held in 2017 within the boundaries of the territory of the region. The study of the following problem was mostly based on field and analytical research methods. It includes the evaluation of the anthropogenic transformation of the landscape systems of the region, the investigation of the four key areas of forest landscapes as well as the state of their ecology and the level of anthropogenic pressure. Depending on the size of the total load, a certain level of anthropogenic transformation of landscape systems is established and the corresponding areas of the ecological situation are assigned to the studied areas. The biggest epicentres of anthropogenic transformation in the region were determined and compared to ecologically stable areas. The area of the threatened forest landscapes and its proportion in accordance to the whole quarter area were calculated. The dynamics of the anthropization of the region were determined. The highest level of anthropogenic loading is typical for forest plantations, where illegal amber mining is carried out. The low level of anthropogenic loading is observed on the territories of the Perebrodivsky Nature Reserve and the Botanical Preserve, where there is no extraction. In order to reduce the anthropogenic pressure experienced by the forest landscapes in the region, nature conservation methods were suggested in the research.

USING READY-TO-USE DRONE IMAGES in FORESTRY ACTIVITIES: CASE STUDY OF ÇINARPINAR in KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY

Abstract. This short paper aims to present pros and cons of current usage of ready-to-use drone images in the field of forestry also considering flight planning and photogrammetric processes. The capabilities of DJI Phantom 4, which is the low cost drone producing by Dji company, was evaluated through sample flights in Cinarpinar Forest Enterprise Chief in Kahramanmaras in Turkey. In addition, the photogrammetric workflow of obtained images and automated flight were presented with respect to capabilities of available software. The flight plans were created by using Pix4DCapture software with android based cell phone. The results indicated that high-resolution imagery obtained by drone can provide significant data for assessment of forest resources, forest roads, and stream channels.

Развитие лесного хозяйства малолесного региона: опыт и перспективы

The article describes main directions of forestry development in sparsely wooded region. Changes in forest legislation have led to the formation of the model of forest management focused on the development of entrepreneurship in Voronezh region. It is defined, that the main form of forest use in the region is lease of forest lands. The economic mechanism of forest management in these circumstances should be based on the balance of interests of participants of forest relations (the state, society, community, business). At the regional level, the factors restricting development of forestry are high cost of sanitary and health measures and the difficulty of disposing of small merchantable wood and wood fuel after sanitary felling and thinning. It is established that difficulties in the provision of forest land are associated with existing double counting of some lands and forests in Unified state register of real estate. For the analyzed period, the region has developed a stable business trend in the field of forestry to the development of public-private partnerships. It is proved that for the implementation of the principles of sustainable forest management and creation favorable conditions for the development and implementation of economically, environmentally and socially responsible forest development, we need support of business activities, in terms of creating regional infrastructure for support of entrepreneurship in forest sector (sectoral business incubators on the basis of existing research institutes in cooperation with leading forest universities) and ensuring its activities.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАЛІСНЕННЯ ПІВНІЧНО-ЗАХІДНОГО ПРИАЗОВ’Я

Features of afforestation in Northwest Priazovye in the 19th century are covered in article. Separately Johann and David Kornis's activity who have based unique forest plantations in the steppe is considered. Attention is paid to emergence and development of the Berdyansk, Altagirsky and Dzhekenlynsky forest dachas. Important aspect is educational function of forest areas. At them there was a school where boys were taught forestry. Since 1846 in forest area study of boys to forest business has begun. At the beginning study lasted 5 years, later the term of study has been increased up to 6 years. For this period they not only gained knowledge and skills on afforestation, but also on agriculture, gardening, silkworm breeding, tobacco growing, truck farming. In the winter they learned to write, read and consider. The first pupils were from continental counties of the Taurian province. Further for study began to take boys and from the Crimean Counties (uezdov). Pupils represented different nationalities: Russians, Ukrainians, the Crimean Tatars (for example, in 1851 for study the Crimean Tatar from the village of Karagurt of the Evpatoriysky County of Asanas Selyamiyev, Nogais (in 1848 – Shemeredin Sakalov from the village Burkut of the Berdyansk County (uezd) has arrived). Besides, in forest areas there passed alternative forest service Mennonites. Introduction in 1874 of the general military duty has met sharp rejection of Mennonites whose dogma forbade to hold weapon in hand, and has caused their mass emigration to North America. As a result of negotiations between the government of the Russian Empire and leaders of the Mennonite communities there was a reached compromise according to which the general military duty for Mennonites has been replaced with alternative civil service in so-called forest teams. Fundamental obligations of the Mennonites called on service and rules of an internal order in divisions regulated the Rules of service of Mennonites in forest area approved on July 14, 1880. Agricultural works which were performed in forest areas – clearing of young growth, extermination of wreckers, collecting seeds, irrigation, repair of agricultural tools are analyzed. For 1868-1917 different exhibitions - agricultural and forest, World and All-Russian, periodic, industrial and handicraft Fairs were organized. Demonstration of the achieved success in the field of agriculture and forestry of the Berdyansk forest area was their purpose. The commissions on drawing up collections for the Parisian World Fair which has taken place in 1867 were organized. The international jury at this exhibition to the Berdyansk educational steppe forest area has awarded a bronze medal and to her the diploma for a collection of samples of tree species is given.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY ON THE USE OF TREATED WASTEWATER IN FOREST FARMING - AN APPLIED STUDY ON SARABIUM FOREST, ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

The study aims to study a proposed economic study for the use of treated wastewater cultivation of wood forests and to benefit from their production in many industries. The treatment of wastewater and its use for irrigation is an important option for the water source, The nutrients needed by plants are fertilizer, and the re-use of treated wastewater is one of the most widely used water-use methods due to the decline in fresh water. The use of non-traditional water resources is one of the main tasks of all those interested in development in Egypt, through the expansion of agriculture in the Sahara Desert for the production of timber to increase the burden on the import bill and add new land outside the valley and delta without using traditional water sources for irrigation. The researchers followed the descriptive method in the analysis by means of data, information and statistics related to the subject of the study. The sample items were distributed according to gender (males,females), Educationallevel (university qualification above, intermediate qualification, intermediate and lower qualification, illiteracy),age group and administrative level (higher, middle, executive), And the number of (150) single. The statistical method was used to select the measuring tools and verify the validity of the hypotheses using the appropriate statistical methods and to derive the results by interpreting them. The main Results of this study are: 1. Utilization of treated water in the field of woodland forestry produces economic, social and environmental benefits that contribute to the sustainable development of marginal and untapped desert areas. 2. Wastewater management can be improved through improved institutional policies and financial mechanisms. The main recommendations of the study: 1. Encouraging investment in the cultivation of woodland forests and presenting the proposed models to investors. 2. The need to expand the establishment of purification plants and treatment of wastewater for reuse as a non-conventional source of water in accordance with their quality and so as not to cause any health or environmental damage so as not to be affected by human health and then its productivity.

An evaluation of forestry journals using bibliometric indices

The increasing number of scientific journals, especially over the last 20 years, created the need for methodologies based on simple metrics, to accurately capture the “quality” of those journals and their impact on the scientific community. Especially in the case of journals from the field of forestry, relatively little work has been conducted on providing valid journal classifications. In this paper we attempt to assess the impact of journals from this field in terms of bibliometric data. In addition to the already proposed metrics (complementary to the journal h-index), we also apply a new measure to rank journals, that provides a more balanced evaluation of the journal performance, by adjusting for various biases affecting the h-index. We examined the relationships between various bibliometric indicators proposed for assessing the journal impact and wo found high correlations between most indices, with only few exceptions. According to citation analysis, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal of Vegetation Science, Forest Science, Tree Physiology, International Journal of Wildland Fire, Holzforschung, Trees-Structure and Function, Silva Fennica, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology and Wood and Fiber Science are the top forestry journals. These publish articles related to all the domains of forestry science. More specialized journals are also included, dealing with specific issues of scientific interest and also of major importance to the scientific community.

The Forest Offences and the National Security of Romania

Abstract In the last 25 years, we have assisted to an increase of the criminal actions in the forestry field. The factors generating the criminal phenomenon in the above mentioned field are social, economic, to which we can add the lack in people’s education, as well as some persons’ mentality and, last but not least, we mention poverty and the wish to get rich under any circumstances. The prevailing factor is corruption existing at all levels, some people’s eagerness of easily gained wealth and the lack of involvement of the government institutions, which were supposed to take measures in this respect. In many cases, the forestry criminal actions were undertaken with the help of certain representatives of judicial organs or public institutions and authorities of the state. Illegal cutting of trees, illegal deforestation and inappropriate forestry become a new threat to the national security of Romania. The new Forestry Code makes provisions for the illegal actions that are considered criminal offences and for the criminal sanctions for committing forestry crimes. These illegal actions have serious consequences: financial, for the environment, for the national security, requiring measures to reduce them and to fight against their negative effects.

Extraction of tubular shapes from dense point clouds and application to tree reconstruction from laser scanned data

We propose a novel method for detecting and reconstructing tubular shapes in dense, noisy, occluded and unorganized point clouds. The STEP method (Snakes for Tuboid Extraction from Point clouds) was originally designed to reconstruct woody parts of trees scanned with terrestrial LiDAR in natural forest environments. The STEP method deals with the acquisition artefacts of point clouds from terrestrial LiDAR which include three important constraints: a varying sampling rate, signal occlusion, and the presence of noise. The STEP method uses a combination of an original Hough transform and a new form of growing active contours (also referred to as “snakes”) to overcome these constraints while being able to handle large data sets. The framework proves to be resilient under various conditions as a general shape recognition and reconstruction tool. In the field of forestry, the method was demonstrated to be robust to the previously highlighted limitations (with errors in the range of manual forest measurements, that is 1 cm diameter error). The STEP method has therefore the potential to improve current forest inventories as well as being applied to a wide array of other applications, such as pipeline reconstruction and the assessment of industrial structures.

Non-timber forest products in transition economies: Innovation cases in selected SEE countries

Driven by political and economic reforms since 1990, the forestry sector in southeast European (SEE) countries has faced changes which have resulted, among others, in the rise of private businesses. Many of those businesses have demonstrated innovation in the sphere of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), although these products had been neglected in the past, and their potentials are still underestimated. Therefore, our aim was to get a better understanding of the innovation processes behind three case studies in selected SEE countries (Slovenia, Serbia and FYR Macedonia). For the purpose of this research, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with people responsible for the selected innovation cases in three NTFP-based enterprises. The interviews revolved around questions related to the idea and product development, the firm foundation, the supporting and hindering factors and the actors and their roles in the entire process of business development. To understand the framework conditions, we interviewed representatives of the organizations that were in charge of supporting innovation and business development. The results show that several national policy programs (e.g., in the fields of SMEs, forestry and nature protection) form a framework for supporting NTFPs innovation. However, in all the selected countries, there were no policies specifically tailored for NTFPs. An analysis showed that these innovations were developed solely by the owners and their personal ideas, and most information and financing came from the businesses themselves. The innovation systems in the selected countries did not significantly contribute to the development and running of the businesses. The lessons provided by these cases can be significant for strengthening existing NTFP-related innovation systems and fostering their effectiveness in the future.

森林・林業分野における風害シミュレーション: 数値風況予測技術(CFD)によるアプローチ

森林・林業分野における風害シミュレーション: 数値風況予測技術(CFD)によるアプローチ

Unmanned mobile vehicle for monitoring agricultural and forest land

Deterioration of the fertile condition of bioactive soils, agricultural and forest lands, as well as coastal zones of reservoirs from the intensive agricultural, industrial, transport and resource-producing activities of mankind increases exponentially with each passing year. More than 30% of the reclaimed lands are in unsatisfactory condition. More than 18 million hectares of territory around industrial enterprises have a high degree of pollution, including heavy metals and toxic substances. The global area of the economic zone, intensively mastered by man, is 36% of the area of the water area of the World Ocean. Continuous monitoring is required to control the level of pollution and take measures to eliminate them. There is both a remote and a land (stationary and mobile) way of monitoring the environment. To automate the ground monitoring process, it is proposed to use unmanned vehicles equipped with a special instrument cluster. The article considers both foreign experience in the use of robotic complexes in the field of agriculture and forestry, as well as the domestic development of a mobile robotic complex, whose chassis can be used to monitor the condition of soils, forest lands and water bodies. The place and types of conducted chassis tests are described, the main technical characteristics are given. Presented equipment used for autonomous movement of the complex. The results of studies of the relief and physico-mechanical properties of the track are given, which make it possible to increase the mobility of the robotic complex. Based on the results of the tests, relevant conclusions were drawn on the possibility of using the developed robotic complex for environmental monitoring, works in the field of agriculture and forestry, further goals for its improvement and improvement were set.

マルチロータヘリを用いた森林内樹木の計測

Japan is a forestry country where forests account for about 70% of the land, and introduction of robots is expected in the field of forestry. However, there is already a method of measuring height using aircraft and laser scanner, but the diameter of breast height is investigated by human hands despite the lack of personnel. Therefore, in this research, we propose a trees diameter measurement system using multi rotor helicopter. We aim to stably fly through the forest and measure the breast height diameter of trees in the forest. We propose a tree detection algorithm using LRF data.

General Tendencies in Creating Terms with Greek and Latin Elements in the Forestry Field

According to the genetic classification of borrowings, one of the largest groups of foreign language vocabulary in European languages is formed by lexemes of Latin origin. They are the result of interaction between languages, which are often characterized by a significant degree of genetic and temporal distances. In the article the terminology of Forest industry with the most common terminological elements of Latin and Greek origin is analyzed. Element – is not a word, but a part of the word (prefix, suffix, root), which is being in grammatical relationship with the other elements, forms independent words-terms. Thus, the element “micro” has no complete meaning of the words but it has the specific semantic loading, which is transferred by the concept “small, not big one”. In words-terms, it indicates the correlation of those words and constant objects, phenomena. And the precise scientific definition is received by term in the process of studying the specific scientific discipline. Knowledge of the structure of term’s elements explains the meaning of foreign language term, it helps in better understanding. It is well-known that the terms reflects either one dominant or secondary, or occasional feature, underlying the phenomenon, which reflects, such as color, shape etc. Terminology concept with elements of Greek and Latin origin in the Forest field, can be grouped into major thematic sections. The initial point for placing elements is a substantive concept, followed by an element that expresses this concept, the indicator of the origin of element, its importance in translation. Elements are usually placed according to antonymous meaning (micro – macro). Due to the polysemy some elements get into different sections. The group of terms, in which ancient Greek and Latin term elements are distinguishes is very numerous. Terms, formed with the help of classical elements, reflect the process of adaptation (in bigger or less degree) by modern languages. Thus, the group of terms with the initial parts, the etymons of which are Greek and Latin languages, get into synonymous relations, varying, intersecting or overlapping each other . The doublet terms – are the words or phrases that are combined by special terminological correlation with the same scientific concepts and object of reality. Thus, a large part of Greek and Latin elements in the terms and terminological combinations function as units of scientific style (root words, derivation and other elements) have the ability to influence the linguistic and cultural nature of language, and, thanks to aesthetically complete words, they intellectualize both speech and a speaker, the a specialist of the field.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INTEGRATED INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM OF TRACKING TIMBER– SUMAL IN THE ACTUAL CONTEXT

In order to fight the illegal deforestation, as well as to reduce the criminal facts in the forestry field and the inappropriate forestry, it was constituted and implemented the integrated informational system of tracking timber in real time, called SUMAL. This system can provide information regarding the complete tracking of timber, from the moment of harvesting it to the final processing or export.

Building change detection after earthquake using multi-criteria decision analysis based on extracted information from high spatial resolution satellite images

ABSTRACTChange detection of ground surface objects can provide essential and precious information for experts in the fields of Geomatics, emergency management, urban management, agriculture, and forestry. Space-borne remote-sensing images are one of the main sources for change detection. Various change detection methods have been proposed on remote-sensing applications. However, often, no single efficient method can be selected for a case study because the existing methods sometimes have good performance and sometimes perform poorly. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an integrated change detection method according to some change detection methods. Multi-criteria decision analysis is a powerful framework that can integrate several criteria that may be in contrast to each other. In this study, a multi-criteria decision analysis framework was used to integrate the spectral, textural, and transformed features for detecting building changes with the help of high spatial resolution satellite images. First, the spectral, textural, and transformed features were extracted from the pre- and post-event satellite images. Second, the spectral, textural, and transformed factor maps were produced by entering the related features to three separate Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). Third, the ANFIS model was used again to integrate the mentioned factor maps for producing the preliminary building change map. And finally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the proper parameters of the ANFIS models leading to accurate change detection results. The proposed method was tested on the earthquake data set of Bam City in Iran. The achieved results indicated an overall accuracy of 89.62% for identifying the changed and unchanged building regions. Moreover, the obtained results proved the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method with respect to other implemented methods regarding the Bam earthquake. Furthermore, the aggregation of the spectral, transformed, and textural features resulted in improving the change detection accuracy by about 5–15%, compared with the accuracy of every one of them for the mentioned purpose.

Full-Waveform Airborne Laser Scanning in Vegetation Studies—A Review of Point Cloud and Waveform Features for Tree Species Classification

In recent years, small-footprint full-waveform airborne laser scanning has become readily available and established for vegetation studies in the fields of forestry, agriculture and urban studies. Independent of the field of application and the derived final product, each study uses features to classify a target object and to assess its characteristics (e.g., tree species). These laser scanning features describe an observable characteristic of the returned laser signal (e.g., signal amplitude) or a quantity of an object (e.g., height-width ratio of the tree crown). In particular, studies dealing with tree species classification apply a variety of such features as input. However, an extensive overview, categorization and comparison of features from full-waveform airborne laser scanning and how they relate to specific tree species are still missing. This review identifies frequently used full-waveform airborne laser scanning-based point cloud and waveform features for tree species classification and compares the applied features and their characteristics for specific tree species detection. Furthermore, limiting and influencing factors on feature characteristics and tree classification are discussed with respect to vegetation structure, data acquisition and processing.

Rancang Bangun Website Dinas Kehutanan Dan Perkebunan Kota Pagar Alam Menggunakan PHP Dan MySQL

Forestry and Estate Crops Office of Pagar Alam City is a government institution that carries out the authority of regional autonomy and helps the city government of Pagar Alam in the field of forestry and plantation. With the development of technological progress, Forestry and Estate Crops Office of Pagar Alam need to promote itself through an online website on the Internet. With an online website on the internet, people can easily access and know everything about Forestry and Estate Crops Office of Pagar Alam City quickly without requiring much time

Field of elementary education and forestry

Field of elementary education and forestry