Forestry Development Research Articles

Инновации в лесоустройстве, учете и оценке лесов России в XIX веке

Relevance. Until now, one of the main problems in the forest industry remains the problem of accounting and saving forests from destruction. Huge damage to forests is caused by illegal logging and fires. It is possible to take into account losses only if we have information about the area of forests growing in Russia. Today, the state is conducting the second stage of the state forest inventory program “Forestry Development” to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Russian forests. Due to the significant amount of work, this stage will last until 2030 inclusive. At the same time, in the history of Russia there are examples of the implementation of programs for accounting for forest lands, the experience of which should be taken into account in the framework of optimizing the modern "forest" policy. In this regard, the presented article acquires special relevance and timeliness. The purpose. Studying the experience of conducting statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century. Objectives. Within the framework of the article, the following tasks are solved: to assess the reliability of statistical information on the area of forests available to the Forest Department at the time of the start of the implementation of the static accounting program; to identify the features of statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century; identify the obstacles that have arisen in the way of implementing the state program for accounting for the forests of the Russian Empire and assess their impact on the organization and results of accounting for forest resources. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, determinism and objectivity. The article carried out a comprehensive analysis of archival documents and published sources, used the methods of statistics and data comparison, synthesis. The results obtained are based on historical sources. Results. В 1860-х гг. данные о количестве и качестве лесов европейской части Российской империи, несмотря на наличие значительных трудностей, были собраны Министерством государственных иму-ществ по всем губерниям. Сведения были опубликованы в журнале министерства. Conclusion. The implementation of the program of statistical description of forests and the forest industry in the provinces of the European part of the Russian Empire was in itself an innovation. From the time of Catherine II to the 60s. 19th century In the state, an inventory of forest lands has never been carried out. Thus, the program of statistical description of the forests of the provinces of the European part of Russia, launched by the Ministry of State Property at the end of 1858, was the first attempt to obtain reliable information about the area of Russian forests.

Текущая ситуация и перспективы развития сотрудничества в области лесного хозяйства между Китаем и Россией

This paper comprehensively collates the current situation of forestry cooperation between China and Russia and makes a judgement on its development trends. The study mainly adopts the method of empirical research to prove the credibility of the views; it uses the method of comparative research to reveal the objectivity of inferences. In recent years, China's demand for wood products has increased significantly due to the rapid economic development. Russia is one of the largest suppliers of timber to China. After joining the World Trade Organization, China's forestry development has entered a new phase. Chinese timber companies are constantly seeking and expanding new exports to the international timber market in the face of fierce competition from the foreign partners. Due to the fact that the Russia's Siberian and Far-Eastern regions have the richest reserves of timber raw materials and the long-standing economic and trade connections with China, the China's forestry cooperation with the Russian Far East has made positive progress.

Forest Ecological Diversity Change Prediction Discrete Dynamic Model

Forest ecosystem is the most important terrestrial ecosystem type of species diversity in the world. The protection and sustainable use of forest ecological diversity is of great significance to forest protection and sustainable management. In order to maintain biodiversity, the traditional concept of forest resources management must be changed. In recent years, the mining and application of big data have become the frontier content of international ecological diversity and macroecology research. By establishing the discrete dynamic model of forest ecological diversity change, this study finds a method that can keep the number of trees stable in a short time and ensure the sustainable development of forest resources. This article studies and constructs the forest information system and constructs an open‐source WebGIS (network geographic information system) scheme for the field of spatial information and supporting OGC (occupationally generated content). At the same time, the grey theory GM (1,1) model is used to predict the development trend of forest resources in China. The results show that under the promotion of policies and research projects, China’s forestry development has realized the double growth of forest area and volume, and the forest coverage rate has reached a new level.

Isolation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Puccinellia tenuiflora of Songnen saline-alkaline grassland, China

Salinization has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment, affected the growth of plants, and hindered the development of agriculture and forestry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as important soil microorganisms, play significant physiological and ecological roles in promoting plant nutrient absorption and improving soil structure. Puccinellia tenuiflora (Turcz.) Scribn. et Merr. in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland was selected as the research object to observe AM fungal colonization of the roots and explore the species and diversity of AM fungi in symbiotic association with P. tenuiflora. This study showed that AM fungi colonized in P. tenuiflora roots and formed a typical Arum–type mycorrhizal structure. A significant correlation was observed between vesicular abundance and the colonization intensity of mycorrhiza. Isolation and identification revealed 40 species of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of P. tenuiflora, belonging to 14 genera, of which two species could not be identified. The richness of the genus Glomus was the highest, accounting for 30% of the total species. Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices were isolated from all the samples and were the species with the widest distribution in the rhizosphere of P. tenuiflora. Correlation analysis showed that pH only had a significant impact on the distribution of a few species, such as Glomus pustulatum, Diversispora spurca, Glomus aggregatum, Rhizophagus clarum, and Acaulospora foveata. The present study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the resources of AM fungi in saline-alkaline soil.

ИСТОРИЯ ЛЕСНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ ПОВОЛЖЬЯ ПРЕДВОЕННЫХ ПЯТИЛЕТОК В МАТЕРИАЛАХ АРХИВНЫХ ФОНДОВ: ПРОБЛЕМА ИСЧЕЗНУВШИХ ДОКУМЕНТОВ

The forestry industry of the USSR played an important role in the pre-war industrialization. At present, there are no studies that examine and analyze in detail all the main aspects of the development of forestry and the forest industry both in the Volga region as a whole and individual administrative-territorial formations of this region during the years of pre-war industrialization. The main materials on the history of the exploitation of the forests of the Volga region in the 1930s are contained precisely in the archival funds. In this article the main attention is focused on the disappearance from the archival funds of the documentation of the largest logging organizations, i.e., forest trusts, which is valuable for researchers of the industrial development of the region. Only the safety of documents of the territorial departments of forest protection and forest plantations of the Penza, Kuibyshev and Saratov regions, created in 1936, can be considered satisfactory.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАСАД УПРАВЛІННЯ СТІЙКИМ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЛІСОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Modern forestry of Ukraine not only provides the national economy with wood for the production of building materials and other forest products, but also performs environmental and recreational functions. It is established that the management of forest enterprises can be considered as a system of management, methods of management of forests and forest areas and their use in such a way and with such intensity that ensure their biodiversity without harming other ecosystems. The existing problems in the management system are emphasized, recommendations are made on the main directions of improving the existing management system, and the formation and development of forest enterprises in Ukraine should take place by achieving competitive advantages and implementing new approaches. An important principle of forest management is the full and integrated use of raw materials derived from forests, because only the complexity of forest use involves the balanced use of all raw forest resources and their components. Based on foreign experience in forestry management, given the imperfections of current national legislation and the management system in our country, it should be noted that the priority areas for improving forest management are currently radical institutional changes, namely the choice of the organizational model of management and establishment of distribution of numerous functions; improvement of the financial and economic mechanism of forestry functioning; formation of an appropriate motivational mechanism in state forest management structures. An important direction in improving the management methods of forest enterprises remains the issue of forming a certification fund, which is gaining momentum every year and allows Ukrainian wood to reach the international level. The priority task of improving forest management should be the formation of a specific strategy for forestry development, which aims to ensure sustainable development of forestry by improving management efficiency, multi-purpose use of forest resources and useful properties of forests. Thus, the formation and development of forest enterprises in Ukraine should take place through the achievement of competitive advantages and the implementation of new organizational approaches

Стратегическое планирование развития лесного хозяйства региона в рамках концепции зеленой экономики

In recent decades, the issues of rational use of natural resources and sustainable development of ecosystems (where forests are an important element) became acute. Forest management requires new approaches in order to create a forestry development strategy in accordance with the principles of green economy, including at the regional level. The article presents conceptual provisions of strategic forest management of regions from the perspective of sustainable development. When planning the socio-economic development of a region, it is necessary to consider the revenue and resource potential of its forest management system and strive to achieve a balance between forest exploitation and reforestation. In this connection, the key parameters for choosing strategic alternatives are the intensity of forest use (forest exploitation) and reforestation. After recording the values of indicators for specific forest territorial units, we constructed a positioning map as the basis for strategic development maps. The proposed approach was tested using data on regional forestry retrieved from the Ministry of Forestry of the Irkutsk Region and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Irkutsk region. Over the past decades, an increase in forest resource extraction in the Irkutsk region was noted. Regional forest development is characterised by excessive intensity and irregularity of timber harvest, as well as by ineffective reproduction and low productivity of forests, aggravated by large-scale fires. The positioning map of regional forestry in the Irkutsk region clearly demonstrates that the forestry development strategy based on the principles of green economy cannot be implemented in more than half of forest territorial units due to their strategic positioning.

Research on the driving factors for the high-quality development of China’s forestry economy under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

Under the development path of green circular economy with the goal of “double carbon”, the highquality development of forestry economy is an important driving force for tapping the new momentum of green transformation of industrial structure. Based on panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018, this paper constructs a two-way fixed-effects model to explore the drivers of high-quality development of the forestry economy, using forestry economic output value as the explanatory variable. The study found that forestry protection efforts, average forestry salary levels, forestry employees, annual afforestation area, technology level and regional industrial structure significantly contributed to forestry economic development. Therefore, China should formulate targeted forestry development policies based on the drivers of the forestry economy, so as to support and ensure the quality development of the forestry economy.

On the way to balance of forestry land use of Ukraine: ecological-and-economic aspect

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ecological-and-economic aspect of certain factors to ensure the balanced use of forest lands; develop proposals for the formation of the basis for the development of sustainable forestry. 
 Methodology / approach. We used the following methods: dialectical method of cognition for the analysis of scientific works of scientists concerning problems of balanced use of lands of forestry purpose; method of analogies (transfer of patterns of development of one process with certain amendments to another process or territory); statistical (based on quantitative indicators that allow drawing conclusions about the pace of the process); comparative analysis (comparison of indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland); correlation analysis (identification of factors on which the forecast significantly depends; clarification of relationships, their relationship with the predicted phenomenon under the influence of certain factors), graphical, abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). The information base of the study is the data of the Global Assessment of Forest Resources of FAO 2020, the data of the Monitoring of Land Relations in Ukraine, the reporting of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine, the data of the Forest Stewardship Council®. Based on the annual reports of the State Forestry Agency of Ukraine, some indicators of the report of 288 state forestries for 2018–2020 are consolidated in terms of 24 regional departments of forestry and hunting.
 Results. In the dynamics for 2018–2020, changes in the volume of forest resources, forest reserves, biomass, and carbon density were studied; the indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland are compared. The volumes of forest certification by regions of Ukraine are estimated. The relationships between capital investments in forestry production and the price of sold wood, the volume of net income of state forestry, the amount of profit, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets; between the tax burden on state forestries and financial stability was studied. Based on the assessment of the relationships and changes in individual indicators, the need to update the fixed assets of forest enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument is justified. The results of this study are a summary of evidence on the environmental and economic aspects of the impact of certain factors on the sustainable use of forest lands, which in turn forms the scientific basis for achieving the goals of state environmental policy of Ukraine.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The studied interdependencies between the statistical characteristics of individual indicators of forestry land use made it possible to identify factors to ensure balanced use of forestry lands. It is substantiated that reforestation, forest certification, renewal of fixed assets of forestry enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument, optimization of the tax burden of forestry activities are favorable factors to ensure the balance of forestry land use. It is proved that the excessive tax burden is a deterrent to the balanced use of forest lands. It is proposed to alleviate the tax burden on forestry activities by reducing the rate of deduction of net income of state forestry enterprises, eliminating the problem of double taxation of the forest fund, which under limited budget funding will allow state forestries to accumulate their own financial resources to ensure sustainable land use.
 Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used to: (I) structure the factors of sustainable use of forest lands; (II) defining the goals of sustainable development when developing the strategy of forestry enterprises; (III) analysis of the achievement of sustainable development goals at the national level, defined by the Basic Principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The results of the study can be used both at the level of forest management entities, as well as at the regional and national levels, to make management decisions on the implementation of measures that ensure the balanced use of forest land. Also, the causal links between indicators that arise from the response of indicators to certain factors open up new opportunities for forest management planning. These results can provide important information for the protection and use of forest resources in all regions of Ukraine.

The study of temperature regionalization in China using complex networks

AbstractTemperature regionalization is important for guiding the development of agriculture and forestry in a region. However, few existing studies are able to objectively regionalize temperature in terms of both the temperature change and temperature difference. In both cases, we use the ERA5 2 m temperature reanalysis dataset to construct the temperature correlation network by traversing the winter anomalies with higher amplitudes for all possible pairs of grid points. On the basis of the temperature correlation network, the first and second‐grade regionalization is performed using the spin glass algorithm and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, respectively. Our results derived from the network topology analysis indicate that there are a few teleconnections in the network and that the nodes are mainly connected to neighbouring nodes. Some nodes in Tibet, Qinghai and western Sichuan Province have independent temperature change, and some nodes in Guizhou and Jiangxi Provinces tend to connect more nodes with an average distance of >500 km. The results of temperature regionalization show that the boundaries of the first‐grade regionalization are consistent with the relief and the distribution of major mountains in China, and the spatial distribution coincides with the four core regions with the highest convergence coefficient of temperature change (TCC) of nodes and 10 regions with relatively high TCC. The second‐grade regionalization is mainly located in the different temperature zones. In contrast to previous works on temperature regionalization, this study provides a new integration framework that further considers both the convergence in the temperature change and the closeness of the temperature between regions and finally objectively regionalizes temperature in China.

Аналіз ефективності використання засобів дистанційного зондування Землі

The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of use of Earth remote sensing (ERS) means in the light of the trends in their development in the past ten years. The paper analyzes the efficiency of use of ERS means in the interests of socioeconomic development (in cartography, meteorology, climatology, oceanology, hydrology, agriculture, forestry, in local and regional management tasks, and in emergencies), the efficiency of the Indian ERS segment (as an example of one of the leading ERS countries), the basic trends in the development of ERS systems that increase their efficiency (open access to ERS data, private and public-private partnership, information delivery promptness, onboard ERS data processing, and ERS-based analysis), and a comparison of the ERS data market fraction of drones with that of satellites. As a result, the following global ERS trends that increase the efficiency of ERS data use are identified: - gradual reorientation from purely obtaining ERS data to making an analysis based thereon; - intensive development of methods of geospatial monitoring, business analysis, machine learning, neural networks, cloud architecture, and automatic processing of large ERS data arrays; - despite the ample scope for ERS data use and the reduction of space imagery prices, this information, as estimated by some analysts, is used in the solution of socioeconomic problems only to quite a small extent because less than one per cent of the ERS satellite data can ever find their users; - in India, China, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, ERS is funded from the state budget, which is no longer the case in most of the developed countries, where public-private and commercial ERS structures are dominant; - in the countries where ERS is mostly funded from the state budget, the approach to the distribution of ERS products on the home market with the aim to compensate for the capital costs of ERS satellite development inevitably produces negative results; - the formation of national ERS data markets is in progress; the features of these markets are open access to ERS data, private and public-private partnership, information delivery promptitude due to the use of web servers and cloud computing, ERS-based analysis, and onboard ERS data processing in the near future; - in the long term, the future of ERS will depend on breakthrough technologies, innovative solutions, new applications, and the integration of technologies such as VR (virtual reality), AR (added reality), AI (artificial intelligence), Ml (machine learning), Big Data, Cloud Computing, and IoT (Internet of things), which will be of crucial importance in the ERS segment. In the paper, the system analysis method is used. The practical significance of the paper lies in the possibility of using the global ERS advancement trends in the development and operation of national ERS spacecraft.

Application of the Concept of Community Based Natural Resource Management in the Exploitation of Small Islands Forest Resources in Maluku Province

Law No. 27 of 2007 on The Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as a constitutional basis specifically regulates the management of small islands for various activities. But on the other side, the law does not specifically regulate the management of forest resources while exploitation activities carried out by forest utilization permit holders are more carried out on small islands in Maluku Province that have their own characteristics and vulnerabilities that cause various ecological, socio-cultural and economic problems. This article is a normative legal study that examines positive legal provisions, legal principles and legal doctrines using legal approaches and conceptual approaches related to the issues studied. The results showed that the basic principles of forest resource management based on the state through various policies and legislation proved to have caused various crises in the field of forestry that ultimately threaten the environment and the existence of indigenous legal communities on small islands. On that basis, it is necessary to change the concept of forestry development that focuses more on the forest resource management system based on the community or Communnity Based Natural Resource Management which aims to alleviate poverty, natural resource conservation and good governance that involves the community actively in every government policy in forest management.

Policy innovation on environment and forestry development for supporting gender equality in Indonesia

This article discusses how policy innovation was developed for supporting gender equality in the environment and forestry development. The study focuses on how the design thinking-based policy innovation process is carried out and how social infrastructure for policy innovation is built to seek the transformation of understanding from gender-neutral to gender nature. The data were collected through focus group discussions, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews. The data were qualitatively analyzed with inductive thematic analysis method with Needs and Aspirations for a Design and Innovation process (NADI) framework and social infrastructure theory. The results show that policy innovations in environmental and forestry development based on design thinking were carried out through gender-responsive policy innovations that regulate forests to be sustainably managed for the welfare of women, men, and people with disabilities. Moreover, there were also innovative activities called GLEADS (Gender Leader Summit) and TEACH (Training for Eco-gender Activating Champions Hub) embodying National-regional Eco-forestry Hubs, which cooperated to develop innovations to improve gender equality. Multi-actor aspirations and situations in the innovation intervention process lead to a reframing of the innovation policy design process. This impacted the reframing of social infrastructure and changes in intervention treatment according to the management level.

The social capital of the Tana Toraja community becomes one of the key strategies for social forestry development in the working area of the saddang I forest management unit

The success of forestry development is largely determined by the extent to which the level of community participation in contributing to forest management efforts and the quality of human resources that support it. The process of community empowerment is basically an effort how the community can recognize and reflect its own problems, potential itself and the environment and motivate in developing that potential proportionally in participatory ways or methods. Social capital is the ability of the community to relate to one another and become a very important force for the economic life of the community as well as other aspects of social existence. The characteristics of social capital become one of the indicators that will determine the sustainability of Social Forestry management. The low level of one of the categories of social capital will result in decreased support for activities carried out in the Social Forestry program.

Eco-tourism Development Strategy Based on Local Potential in the Forest of Akebalanda Village, Moya Village, Ternate City

The concept of eco-tourism connects nature tourism trips that have a conservation mission that is carried out simultaneously with forestry development in forest areas that is applied to social forestry schemes. The scheme focuses more on empowerment in a participatory manner to increase the community's ability to manage the potential of forest resources in the vicinity. The purpose of this study (1). Knowing the potential of Akebalanda Village Forest in Moya Village (2). Develop a strategy for the development of Forest Eco-tourism in Ake Balanda Village, Moya Village. The method in this study is to observe and inventory the potential of vegetation. Field observations were carried out to determine the location of data collection and obtain actual data regarding the potential of village forests and the eco-tourism development strategies used, and continued with structured interviews with group administrators and related parties, then the data will be analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the flora potential in the eco-tourism area of Gamalama Forest, Akebalanda Village in Moya Village, was very diverse. This is indicated by the discovery of 31 types of plants developed in the area. In addition to the potential of flora, there is also another potential as an attraction for the development of Gamalama Eco-tourism, namely natural potential. Based on the calculation of scores on the EFAS and IFAS matrices, the Gamalama ecotourism development in the forest of Akebalanda village is in quadrant I (0,16 – 0,94). Quadrant I is a very favorable situation in doing business. This position has opportunities and strengths from two factors, namely internal factors and external factors that can be utilized by KUPS and LPHD. The strategy that must be applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy ( Growth Oriental Strategy ).

Biomass Clusterization from a Regional Perspective: The Case of Lithuania

The usage of renewable resources has become inseparable from the further development of the world economy. To preserve a clean environment for future generations, the use of renewable resources is becoming inevitable even in less developed countries. Recently, the world is facing with challenges in securing green heat production. This situation allows the biomass energy sector to develop. Biomass extracted from waste enables to produce green energy, while contributing to the sustainable development of forestry. One of the major constraints on the usage of biomass is the complex and multifaceted supply chain involving different business subjects. Compatibility problems with different interests can be solved by operating in a cluster structure. Cluster activities allow for more efficient use of limited resources. It allows to create added value for the region and society. Due to the specificity of biomass energy, there is an opportunity to create regional business units that would involve human resources and solves long-standing social problems. The aim of the study is to show the progress of Lithuanian regions in using biomass resources for heat energy production. With the assistance of cluster analysis, it is performed based on economic, social, and environmental data of Lithuanian regions.

Rethinking forest management issues in China in the context of the new era

The contradiction between the ability of forestry that provides high-quality and abundant forestry products and good ecological services, and the demand for high-quality and diversified forestry products and service in order to meet the people’s rapid growing, has become the main contradiction faced by forestry development in new era. Since the area of forest resources in China is restricted by the expansion space, expanding the effective supply of forestry must mainly depends on the improvement of the quality and structure of forestry resources. Therefore, the focus of promoting forestry development is to comprehensively improve the level of forest management in the new era. Based on the analysis of the causes for the low level of forest management, it is proposed that forestry development in the new era should focus on the positively stimulating and strengthening the human capital development, etc., which come from the current following aspects: innovating forest management theory and model, clarifying the relationship between government and market.

Sustainable development of the timber complex: ecological and economic foundations

The forest management system established in Russia in recent years is characterized by a number of problems, including economic ones. The article reveals conceptual theoretical and methodological provisions for the development of sustainable forest management based on the formation of an appropriate environmental and economic mechanism. The essence of sustainable forest management should be considered in the context of economic, environmental, social and international aspects, taking into account the formation of effective multipurpose use of forest resources, as well as the strengthening of the environmental component in the development of forestry. The ecological-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management is proposed to be considered as a set of resources and methods of their connection in the process of economic, environmental and social forest management through the effective management of forestry activities. The main principles of the formation of the ecological-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management are outlined. Thus, the scattered views on the environmental-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management determine the need to streamline the existing economic methods of forest management, improve the efficiency of forestry activities and develop tools to obtain different types of effects: economic, environmental and social.

Silvicultural felling in priority-target silvicultural systems and their use

Considering the issues of the successive development of historically formed systems of silvicultural felling, a certain functional purpose for forest maintenance (thinning), and the replacement of mature stands for timber harvesting and forest renewal (reforestation). The solution of issues is ensured by the formation of priority-functional-target subsystems of silvicultural felling within the framework of the developed priority-target systems of forestry for forests of various purposes - operational, protective. The creation and use of such subsystems predetermine the possibility and necessity of developing an unlimited set of new efficient, environmentally friendly types and options for forest felling that are in demand in the process of forestry development.

Long-Term Changes in the Land–Ocean Ecological Environment in Small Island Countries in the South Pacific: A Fiji Vision

Small island countries in the South Pacific are ecologically fragile areas, vulnerable to climate change, and the long-term ecological changes in the sea and land have an important impact on their sustainable development. This study takes Fiji, a typical small island country in the South Pacific, as an example, to analyze the change and connection of marine and terrestrial ecosystem environments based on 30 years of multi-source, satellite, remote-sensing data. From 1991 to 2019, according to the change in forest area in Fiji, three stages were delineated: first was a period of stability, then a decrease, and then a recovery in recent years. From 1991 to 2002, Fiji’s vegetation accounted for 73% of the total area; sea environment surrounding the islands, such as sea level height and sea surface temperature, were relatively low, with high water transparency. From 2002 to 2014, with the development of forestry and tourism, vegetation decreased by 6.89% and bare land increased, which changes the runoff erosion in the drainage basin; correspondingly, the chlorophyll a concentration in three major estuaries was found to be slightly increased with low water transparency. Meanwhile, coupled with the rising sea temperature, the area of Fiji’s coral reefs shrank significantly, with 51.13% of the total loss of coral reefs occurring in the Vanua Levu, where bare land and runoff were more distributed in its drainage basin. From 2014 to 2019, Fiji’s vegetation and coral reef areas recovered from the former stage; affected by short-term climate oscillations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the sea surface temperature showed a significant abnormal drop and the water transparency decreased. In the past 30 years (1993–2018), the sea level rise rate around Fiji reached 4 mm/year, and the temperature increased by 0.3 °C, which threatens the coastal ecosystem environment, including coral reefs and mangrove; inappropriate land-use change would worsen the situation in these ecologically fragile areas.