Forest Woodland Research Articles

Assessment of Decentralized Decision-Making on Livestock Management in Miombo Woodlands of Tanga and Morogoro regions, Tanzania: Bridging Acts and Practice

Despite legal reforms such as the Local Government (District Authorities) Act of 1982 and the Forest Act of 2002, which decentralize forest management in Tanzania’s villages, the persistent degradation of Miombo woodland forests, primarily due to livestock activities, raises concerns about the effectiveness of these reforms. This study compares the provisions of these acts with on-ground realities through data from 27 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 45 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Thematic analysis using NVIVO 12 software identified four key discrepancies: decision-making structures, decision-making processes, gender involvement, and village collaboration. Findings show that villagers often unknowingly delegate legislative power to leaders, decision-making is politicized with minimal stakeholder engagement, gender inclusivity is minimal, and villages manage forests independently rather than collaboratively. These gaps have led to biased decisions, conflicts among user groups, forest encroachment, and the neglect of women's needs, exacerbating forest degradation. To address these issues, the study recommends capacity building through leadership and technical training for village councils, community education on legal rights, and improved transparency via public forums and accessible reporting. These initiatives aim to empower local communities and foster sustainable management of Miombo woodland forests

Effect of Land Use Type on Soil Moisture Dynamics in the Sloping Lands of the Black Soil (Mollisols) Region of Northeast China

This study investigates the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture on slopes of China’s northeastern black soil region, focusing on the effects of terrain adjustment and vegetation. Soil moisture dynamics in the 0–60 cm soil layer were measured at 10 cm intervals using the TRIME-PICO64 TDR® device on slopes with similar gradients representing three land use types: transverse ridge tillage (TRT) farmland, terraced fields (TFs) farmland, and pure forest woodland (WL). The results indicate significant variations in soil moisture content and water storage across different land use types in the order of TF > TRT > WL. The study further identified that soil bulk density, porosity, and water-holding indicators were in the order of WL > TF > TRT, inconsistent with the soil moisture results, indicating that soil quality cannot be the sole reason for the differences in moisture. The moisture differences between farmland types (TRT and TF) and WL are substantial, especially during the rainy season. In the rainy season (0–60 cm) and the dry season (30–60 cm), significant differences in moisture content are observed (p < 0.05). Significant differences in moisture content between farmland types are found at 0–40 cm during the rainy season and at 0–10 cm during the dry season. In the rainy season, soil moisture for TRT and TFs first decreases from 26.76% and 30.85% to 22.44% and 25.38%, then slightly increases to 27.01% and 27.07% along the slope. Meanwhile, WL displays the opposite pattern on upper, relatively steep slopes, with soil moisture increasing from 16.66% to 17.81%, and exhibits a pattern of change similar to TRT and TFs on lower, gentler slopes. TFs consistently show higher soil moisture and water storage at all slope positions than TRT and WL. TFs improve soil quality, reduce erosion and sedimentation, and shift the lowest soil moisture content to a lower slope position. During the dry season, soil moisture differences between slope positions for TRT and WL were small. In general, terracing can effectively modulate moisture distribution along slopes, increasing moisture by an average of 0.26~12.43%, while afforestation, despite improving soil quality, leads to an 18.14~31.13% reduction in soil moisture content, with the impact being particularly significant during the rainy season. These findings provide important insights for optimizing land use and ecological construction, including keeping the balance between soil and water conservation, especially for sub-humid slope terrain areas.

Land-Use Regression Analysis of Summer Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations in Ireland

Tropospheric ozone is a powerful oxidant that can damage living organisms; it is widely monitored, as air concentrations have more than doubled since the Industrial Revolution. However, in general air quality monitoring stations are limited spatially to large urban centres; accordingly, accurate prediction of concentrations outside of cities is important for protecting human and plant health. Land-use regression has been successfully used for modelling air pollutant concentrations by establishing a relationship between observed concentrations and landscape features representing sources and sinks. In this study, we developed a land-use regression model that explained 68% of the variance of summer average ozone concentrations in the Republic of Ireland. Ozone was measured at 14 active and 20 passive monitoring sites; air concentrations varied spatially, with the highest ozone measured in rural upland (64.5 µg/m3) and Atlantic coastal (50.2–60.5 µg/m3) sites and the lowest generally in urban centres (38.9–45.7 µg/m3). A total of 74 land-use predictor variables were tested, and their inclusion in the model was based on their impact on the coefficient of determination (R2). The final model included variables linked primarily to deposition processes and included “forest woodland and scrub area” and “distance to coast”. The meteorological variable “rain” and an indicator for NOx emissions “distance to EPA Integrated Pollution Control facilities” were also included in the final model. Our results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of land-use regression modelling in predicting ozone concentrations, at a scale relevant for ecosystem protection.

Edible Miombo Wild Mushrooms and Its Potential for Improving Livelihoods of People in Songea and Tabora Districts, Tanzania

Purpose: The study assessed the engagement of people in the collection of the miombo woodland wild edible mushroom species for domestic and commercial uses as means of improving the livelihoods of the people in the Ruvuma and Tabora Regions.
 Design/ Methodology/Approach: Cross-sectional research designs were employed where data were collected once in each selected village in Ruvuma and Tabora region. A sample size of 152 from fourteen villages in Songea and Tabora Regions was sampled. Questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used in collecting data. Descriptive statistics were calculated and used to obtain total scores, means, frequencies and percentages which were used to describe the key findings. Qualitative information collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews were summarized using content analysis.
 Findings: About 98% of the interviewed people are engaged in mushroom collection implying the importance of this activity to villagers and other stakeholders along the mushroom value chain. Of the 28 different edible wild mushroom species identified, only five species i.e. ulelema (Amanita loosii), unguyugu (Cantharellus isabellinus), uhima (Clavulina wisoli), upowa (Lacturius edulis) and kansolele (Temitomyces microcarpus) were most preferred by local communities.
 Research Limitation: The study was conducted on a limited sample size, which may not be representative of the population in the Songea and Tabora districts in Tanzania. The results of the study cannot be generalized to the entire population, as the sample size was not large enough to capture the diversity and variability of the population.
 Practical Implications: Wild mushroom businesses can contribute significantly to food security and poverty alleviation in many parts of Tanzania where miombo woodlands are dominant. Mushroom farming can be an important activity for adding value to the miombo woodland forests hence improving its conservation at the same time providing additional income to the people.
 Social Implications: Commercial production of mushrooms and other Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) along the miombo woodlands can contribute to the social welfare of the people within the communities adjacent to Miombo Woodland forests. This will also improve the engagement and participation of people in forest resources conservation activities.
 Originality/ Value/ Novelty: The study highlights the potential of miombo wild mushrooms as an underutilized natural resource that could improve the livelihoods of people in Songea and Tabora districts.

Mapping LULC Dynamics and Its Potential Implication on Forest Cover in Malam Jabba Region with Landsat Time Series Imagery and Random Forest Classification

Pakistan has an annual deforestation rate of 4.6% which is the second highest in Asia. It has been described by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that the deforestation rate increased from 1.8–2.2% within two decades (1980–2000 and 2000–2010). KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan’s northwestern province, holds 31% of the country’s total forest resources, the majority of which are natural forests. The Malam Jabba region, known for its agro-forestry practices, has undergone significant changes in its agricultural, forestry, and urban development. Agricultural and built-up land increased by 77.6% in the last four decades, and significant changes in land cover especially loss in forest, woodland, and agricultural land were observed due to flood disasters since 1980. For assessing and interpreting land-cover dynamics, particularly for changes in natural resources such as evergreen forest cover, remote sensing images are valuable assets. This study proposes a framework to assess the changes in vegetation cover in the Malam Jabba region during the past four decades with Landsat time series data. The random forest classifier (RF) was used to analyze the forest, woodland, and other land cover changes over the past four decades. Landsat MMS, TM, ETM+, and OLI satellite images were used as inputs for the random forest (RF) classifier. The vegetation cover change for each period was calculated from the pixels using vegetation indices such as NDVI, SAVI, and VCI. The results show that Malam Jabba’s total forest land area in 1980 was about 236 km2 and shrank to 152 km2 by 2020. The overall loss rate of evergreen forests was 35.3 percent. The mean forest cover loss rate occurred at 2.1 km2/year from 1980 to 2020. The area of woodland forest decreased by 87 km2 (25.43 percent) between 1980 and 2020. Other landcover increased by 121% and covered a total area of 178 km2. The overall accuracy was about 94% and the value of the kappa coefficient was 0.92 for the change in forest and woodland cover. In conclusion, this study can be beneficial to researchers and decision makers who are enthusiastic about using remote sensing for monitoring and planning the development of LULC at the regional and global scales.

An estate at Zincirli? Land use and resource exploitation at the Middle Bronze Age monumental building Complex DD in Zincirli, Gaziantep Province of Turkey

Near Eastern monumental buildings once hosted institutions with a variety of economic and environmental footprints. In this article examining a Middle Bronze Age II (seventeenth century BC) building complex at Zincirli, Turkey, we integrate bioarchaeological remains with ceramic and artifactual evidence to evaluate whether this building was a specialized node in a broader network and centralized economy. Combining seed/fruit/chaff analysis with charcoal, phytolith, diatom, and spherulite investigations and zooarchaeology allows for a more holistic identification of the building’s environmental and economic catchments. The pronounced presence of conifer, probably related to the building’s architecture, suggests an elite function of the complex. A broad range of activities took place within the complex, such as the preparation, storage, and consumption of different food and drink products, alongside craft activities. There is evidence for centralized storage of diverse crops and production of wine and textiles. The building seems to have functioned as a kind of estate, possessing access to large areas of land. The bioarchaeological remains evidence the exploitation of the varied environments surrounding the site, where economically valuable resources were locally available and exploited, such as cedar, pine, grapes, and large hunting game. Complex DD provides evidence of wetland exploitation, agropastoral production, wood procurement, and hunting in the semi-steppe batha environments of the Islahiye plain and the woodland forests of the Amanus.

The species composition, diversity and regeneration status of Alamata woodlands, Tigray Regional State Northern Ethiopia–a descriptive analysis

Woody species composition, diversity and regeneration of Alamata woodland forest were evaluated and sampled using systematic random sampling techniques. Fifteen temporary sample plots of 20m x 20m (400 m2) each were established in the sampled woodland forest along altitudinal gradients 100m along plots. Three subplots, 5m x 5m were situated diagonally inside the 20m*20m one in the centre and edges for saplings, shrubs and seedlings data collection. Diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm) and height (m) were measured using a diameter tape and Haglöf Vertex IV Hypsometer. Woody species diversity, structure, important value index (IVI) and regeneration analyzed using appropriate formulas. Four tree species were found in the studied woodland forest. Most abundant tree species were Acacia seyal, Acacia etabaica and Balanites aegyptica, while the least abundant tree species was: - Acacia tortilis. The basal area (m2 ha-1) per plot basis (20m*20m) was ranged from 1.38 to 13.62, while the basal area for the sampled trees was ranged from 2.41 to 9.25. The volume for the sampled plots and trees were ranged from 5.91 to 46.11 and 10.58 to 41.25 m3 ha-1. The highest number of stems was recorded for Acacia seyal followed by Acacia etbaica. The lowest number of stems 43 N ha-1 were recorded for Acacia tortilis followed by Balanites aegyptica. The overall population distribution pattern of the targeted forest exhibited an inverted J - shaped distribution. Among the four sampled woody species in Alamata dry woodland forest regeneration was recorded for only two species Acacia etbaica and Balanites aegyptiaca, while others had no regeneration potential of seedlings and saplings. Better attention of development practitioners, policy makers and church communities may help to improve the woody species composition of this woodland forest and conservation role of Ethiopian dry woodland for carbon sequestration.

Texture Analysis of Smoke for A Review on Early Forest Fire Analysis

The environmental challenges facing the planet today haven't been greater or more complex. Global areas covered by forest and concrete woodlands are threatened by natural disasters that have increased considerably over the past decades, both in terms of frequency and magnitude. Large-scale fires are one of the most damaging natural hazards affecting global climate change and life around the world. To minimize their impact on people and nature, it is necessary to adopt effective methods of prevention, warning and response, strategically and closely coordinated. This paper presents an outline of optical remote sensing technologies used in early fire warning systems and supplies an in-depth survey on both flame and smoke detection algorithms employed by each technology. This project gives the prevention of using Temperature detector LM35 and Gas sensor. After the fire is detected, the device makes an alarm sound and automatically turns on the buzzer.

Modelling the dynamics of land cover by 2050 in the north-western Atacora (Benin, West Africa)

In the north-western Atacora region, the rugged terrain limits access to agricultural land and creates a particular dynamic of land cover. The objective of this research is to simulate land cover in the 2050s in the mountainous area of northwestern Atacora in Benin. Landsat 5 TM images from 1988 and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS from 2020 are the main data used. Supervised classification and modelling were performed with Idrisi Selva software. The annual regression rate is 18.30 % and the projection to 2050 predicts the disappearance of dense dry forests and a reduction of forest galleries and woodlands in favour of field and fallow mosaics (56.03 %) and tree and shrub savannas (25.23 %).

Influence of UAS Flight Altitude and Speed on Aboveground Biomass Prediction

The management of low-density savannah and woodland forests for carbon storage presents a mechanism to offset the expense of ecologically informed forest management strategies. However, existing carbon monitoring systems draw on vast amounts of either field observations or aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) collections, making them financially prohibitive in low productivity systems where forest management focuses on promoting resilience to disturbance and multiple uses. This study evaluates how UAS altitude and flight speed influence area-based aboveground forest biomass model predictions. The imagery was acquired across a range of UAS altitudes and flight speeds that influence the efficiency of data collection. Data were processed using common structures from motion photogrammetry algorithms and then modeled using Random Forest. These results are compared to LiDAR observations collected from fixed-wing manned aircraft and modeled using the same routine. Results show a strong positive relationship between flight altitude and plot-based aboveground biomass modeling accuracy. UAS predictions increasingly outperformed (2–24% increased variance explained) commercial airborne LiDAR strategies as acquisition altitude increased from 80–120 m. The reduced cost of UAS data collection and processing and improved biomass modeling accuracy over airborne LiDAR approaches could make carbon monitoring viable in low productivity forest systems.

Detection and genetic diversity of Mopeia virus in Mastomys natalensis from different habitats in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique.

Mammarenaviruses have been a growing concern for public health in Africa since the 1970s when Lassa virus cases in humans were first described in west Africa. In southern Africa, a single outbreak of Lujo virus was reported to date in South Africa in 2008 with a case fatality rate of 80%. The natural reservoir of Lassa virus is Mastomys natalensis while for the Lujo virus the natural host has yet to be identified. Mopeia virus was described for the first time in M. natalensis in the central Mozambique in 1977 but few studies have been conducted in the region. In this study, rodents were trapped between March and November 2019in villages, croplands fields and mopane woodland forest. The aim was to assess the potential circulation and to evaluate the genetic diversity of mammarenaviruses in M. natalensis trapped in the Limpopo National Park and its buffer zone in Massingir district, Mozambique. A total of 534M. natalensis were screened by RT-PCR and the overall proportion of positive individuals was 16.9%. No significant differences were detected between the sampled habitats (χ2=0.018; DF=1; p=0.893). The Mopeia virus (bootstrap value 91%) was the Mammarenavirus circulating in the study area sites, forming a specific sub-clade with eight different sub-clusters. We concluded that Mopeia virus circulates in all habitats investigated and it forms a different sub-clade to the one reported in central Mozambique in 1977.

Sustainable natural resources management and utilization: Role of forest woodlands and wetlands for sustainable community livelihood and development | JBES 2022

Sustainable natural resources management and utilization: Role of forest woodlands and wetlands for sustainable community livelihood and development | JBES 2022

Characterizing the existing woodland forest to determine forest habitat management options in Gamogofa zone, southern Ethiopia

Ethiopian woodlands are vital for the conservation of plant diversity, including genetic pools of Combretum-Terminalia woodland. However, the woodlands are continuously shrinking and need empirical scientific studies for their effective conservation and sustainable management. These studies was, therefore, conducted to characterizing the existing woodland forest and synthesize literature to determine forest habitat management options in Gamogofa zone, southern parts of Ethiopia. A total of 30 (20 m × 20 m) quadrants for tree/shrubs and 5 m × 5 m for sapling and seedlings were sampled to identify and describe composition, population structure, species diversity, regeneration status, and importance value index (IVI) of woodland forest species. The analysis was done by excel, and results show that a total of 57 woody plant species were recorded. The study site woodland species, were 327 (11.36%) trees/shrubs, 2344 (81.45%) saplings, and 207 (7.19%) seedlings. The value of the Shannon diversity index and evenness were recorded 2.66 and 0.87, respectively. Combretum adenogonium had the highest IVI followed by Acacia mellifera, Euclea divinorum, Cadaba farinosa, Balanites aegyptiaca and accounted for 44% of the total species. Combretum paniculatum, Ficus ovata, Strychnos innocua, Grewia bicolor and Cordia africana were species with lower IVI. The ratio of seedlings and saplings to mature individuals was 0.7:3, respectively. The entire woodlands are good, fair and poor regeneration was recorded 0, 67%, and 33% respectively. 18% of the species had neither seedlings nor saplings. The forest has no good regeneration of species, so it needs immediate management intervention to conserve biodiversity and protect the ecosystem services.

Integral turbulence characteristics over a clear woodland forest in northern Benin (West Africa)

This study aims at investigating whether the Integral Turbulence Characteristics (ITC) obey the Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) above a forest site in a Sudanian climate, and at identifying the appropriate ITC models for this ecosystem. Data were collected from a 18 m tower equipped with an Eddy Covariance system, above the clear forest close to Bellefoungou's village, Northwest of Benin, West Africa. The turbulence intensity parameters calculated for five years and half, were analyzed according to wind speed, stability conditions and seasons. From their relationships with the stability parameter, data driven models were then obtained by the nonlinear least squares. The results showed that, all similarity functions follow MOST with a 1/3 power law whatever the stratification of the atmosphere during all the seasons excepted the temperature which had a parabolic shape in near neutral condition (−0.05 < ζ < 0.1). A seasonal dependence of all ITCs was evidenced under stable conditions. We also showed that the heat transfer is relatively more efficient than H2O transfer under both stability conditions. The established temperature and CO2 similarity models are found to be closer, and for some given stratification conditions, to those already existing in literature. But a noteworthy finding is that the models often used to assign a quality criterion to turbulent fluxes showed an overestimation relatively to those established ‘locally’ for u and w through all atmospheric stratification.

주의회복이론의 타당성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study examines the validity of the attention restoration theory by exploring the relationship between perception of recovery environment and psychological effect. It was also investigated whether the level of cognitive load in everyday life and the level of perception of congestion at the place of visit act as a moderating variable. Items to measure the variables were organized based on prior researches, and two preliminary surveys were conducted. The population of the study was tourists returning home after visiting Jangheung-gun Cypress Forest Woodland. The survey was conducted from September 25 to September 26, 2018, and a total of 250 samples were used for the final data analysis. Results show that the perception of the recovery environment had a positive effect on psychological recovery in the case of short-term psychological recovery. In addition, it was found that 'rest and universal attraction' among the components of the perception of recovery environment had the most significant effect on psychological recovery. Although the validity of the attention restoration theory hypothesis was not tested in this study, evidences of this study suggest that the hypothesis could be valid if the cognitive load of daily life was below an appropriate level. Also, findings of this study show that congestion perception in the natural environment has a significant effect on the causal relationship between recovery environment perception and short-term psychological recovery.

Automated synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space

The research is devoted to the solution to the development of a methodology for the synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space with systems for holding mobile robots on the moving surface to compensate for the gravitational and technological load. Mobile robots, also known in international publications as Climber Robot, are a new modification of mobile robots. The creation of this type of robotics is dictated by the need to perform&#x0D; technological operations in such areas as monitoring industrial facilities, erection and dismantling of building structures, repair and preventive maintenance of their components, maintenance of high-rise buildings of urban utilities, forest and park woodlands, etc. The operation of mobile robots acquires particular relevance in the extreme conditions of manmade disasters, which are dangerous and even unacceptable for a person's stay. The paper proposes designs of mobile robots, which are based on new principles of their synthesis. In the performed studies, in addition to the latest patented designs of mobile robots, a strategy of active synthesis of a new class of mobile robots is proposed.

Orchids diversity on six forest types in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusumastuti NK, Suratman, Pitoyo A. 2021. Orchids diversity on six forest types in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua, Indonesia. Asian J For 5: 101-110. Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families of flowering plants. Wasur National Park is the habitat of many orchid species and one of the in-situ conservation areas in Papua that is very suitable for orchids. This research aimed to determine the orchid species in Seksi Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Wilayah III (SPTN III) Wasur, Wasur National Park, Merauke District, Papua Province, Indonesia and to determine the distribution of orchid species in six different types of forest. This research was conducted using the exploratory method. A total of 25 orchid species belonging to 11 genera have been identified from SPTN III Wasur. Monsoon forest is the type of forest with the highest number of orchid species, with 15 orchid species. It is followed by savanna with ten species, Melaleuca forest with ten species, woodland forest with nine species, riparian forest with six species, and Melaleuca-Eucalyptus forest with 5 species. Dendrobium smillieae and Dendrobium rigidum are the most widely distributed epiphytic orchid species, and occur in almost all forest types. However, the terrestrial orchids, Geodorum densiflorum and Apostasia wallichii, are only found in the monsoon forest.

Modeling tree canopy height using machine learning over mixed vegetation landscapes

Although the random forest algorithm has been widely applied to remotely sensed data to predict characteristics of forests, such as tree canopy height, the effect of spatial non-stationarity in the modeling process is oftentimes neglected. Previous studies have proposed methods to address the spatial variance at local scales, but few have explored the spatial autocorrelation pattern of residuals in modeling tree canopy height or investigated the relationship between canopy height and model performance. By combining Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Landsat datasets, we used spatially-weighted geographical random forest (GRF) and traditional random forest (TRF) methods to predict tree canopy height in a mixed dry forest woodland in complex mountainous terrain. Comparisons between TRF and GRF models show that the latter can lower predefined extreme residuals, and thus make the model performance relatively stronger. Moreover, the relationship between model performance and degree of variation of true canopy height can vary considerably within different height quantiles. Both models are likely to present underestimates and overestimates when the corresponding tree canopy heights are high (>95% quantile) and low (<median), respectively. This study provides a critical insight into the relationship between tree canopy height and predictive abilities of random forest models when taking account of spatial non-stationarity. Conclusions indicate that a trade-off approach based on the actual need of project should be taken when selecting an optimal model integrating both local and global effects in modeling attributes such as canopy height from remotely sensed data.

Potentialité des données satellitaires Sentinel-2 pour la cartographie de l’impact des feux de végétation en Afrique tropicale : application au Togo

Le réchauffement climatique est un phénomène d’envergure mondiale qui se répercute sur le système climatique. Une des conséquences du réchauffement climatique est l'extension de la période de sécheresse, favorisant ainsi l’augmentation des fréquences du phénomène des feux de végétation. Les feux incontrôlés perturbent l’écologie et la fonctionnalité des écosystèmes, entraînant parfois leur érosion. La présente étude est une contribution pour la gestion des feux de végétation au Togo et porte sur le suivi spatial pour la saison des feux 2018-2019. Elle explore la potentialité des nouvelles données satellitaires Sentinel-2 (S-2) en accès libre dans la gamme de la télédétection optique pour la détection des surfaces brûlées, la cartographie des feux utilitaires et des feux incontrôlés. Elle teste également la performance de la méthode de cartographie des feux de végétation à partir de l’indice NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) initialement conçue pour les images Landsat et évalue la biomasse végétale brûlée. Les résultats révèlent que les images S-2 présentent du potentiel dans la restitution des surfaces brûlées. La performance de la méthode de l’indice NBR sur les images S-2 est satisfaisante. La cartographie des feux de végétation montre que les feux utilitaires représentent 21,75 % contre 78,25 % pour les feux incontrôlés. L’ensemble des feux de végétation enregistrés a occasionné l’incendie de 5 878 km2 du couvert végétal, soit 10,39 % du territoire national. Le couvert végétal brûlé est composé majoritairement de savanes (33,12 %), de cultures et jachères (24,48 %), de plantations (14,59 %), de forêts claires (14,43 %) et de forêts riveraines (13,02 %). Les résultats obtenus constituent des éléments tangibles pour le suivi, la sensibilisation, l’élaboration des plans d’aménagement, de prévention et de gestion des feux.

Комплексная экологическая оценка биоценозов Алтыагаджского национального парка

Discusses aspects of environmental assessment of biocenoses in protected areas of the country. Due to the high anthropogenic press, there is a need for an environmental assessment of soil and vegetation cover and avifauna in specific changing environmental conditions in Altyaghach National Park. As a result of studies on various parameters, estimated ecological scales were compiled for the soil, vegetation cover and for the avifauna of this territory. Based on the compiled scales, ecological assessments for biotopes were calculated. The highest average ecological value is estimated for the residential biotope 87, and the lowest in the mountain–steppe biotope 62, for the dense forest biotope 82 and 69 for woodland forest. The Altyaghach National Park has an average ecological rating of 89 for the land cover, 68 for the vegetation cover and 69 for the avifauna. The total ecological assessment based on the three ecosystem components throughout in the Altyaghach National Park is an average of 75 points.