Forest-steppe Region Research Articles

Археозоологічний комплекс і модель тваринництва та полювання мешканців трипільського поселення «Березовська ГЕС»

У статті зроблено висновки щодо ролі тваринництва та полювання в господарському житті мешканців трипільського поселення Березовська ГЕС. Встановлено стратегію експлуатації окремих видів домашніх тварин, проаналізована можливість розведення домашнього коня. Встановлено напрямки та особливості полювання.

Age dynamics of growth and development of Populus Pyramidalis in city planting

ABSTRACT Plantations of Populus nigra L. x Populus nigra f. Italica Duroi, growing on the territory of the Ufa industrial hub of the Republic of Bashkortostan Forest-steppe region of the European part of Russia, were selected as an object of study. It is proved that the poplar hybrid is a fast-growing tree. The average growth in height is 0.95 m, in diameter 0.85 mm. The growth of side shoots on average is 50–55 cm during the growing season. The annual linear growth of lateral shoots of the first order of poplar is closely correlated with the sum of the effective temperatures. The hybrid in all urban plantings showed high decorative qualities. With age, the decorativeness of the trees is slightly reduced. The high scores of sanitary, living condition, aesthetic assessment of trees are observed in stands of II, III, IV, V, VI classes of age (up to 30 years). The change in the values of the measured indicators in these age frames is statistically unreliable.

Development and application of an electrical conductivity transfer function, using diatoms from lakes in the Urals, Russia

Despite a relatively large number of paleoenvironmental and archaeological studies in the Southern Urals, Russia, Holocene moisture dynamics in the region remain a subject of debate. Electrical conductivity (EC) of lake waters in the Southern Urals is climate-dependent and associated with effective moisture. I developed a transfer function using a 72-lake regional diatom dataset and inferred past EC using diatoms in sediment cores from three lakes. The diatom-inferred EC inferences were compared with pollen records to validate the climate interpretation and explore the possible influence of vegetation on lake hydrochemistry. Multivariate analysis showed a clear response of diatom communities to electrical conductivity across a range from 55 to 3780 μS cm−1. The best electrical conductivity inference model (r2boot = 0.78, RMSEPboot = 0.21 log10 μS cm−1), suitable for quantitative reconstructions, was developed using weighted averaging with classical deshrinking. Application of the transfer function to sediment cores from mountain lakes in the forest and forest-steppe regions of the Southern Urals revealed relations between EC and variations in pollen contents of herbs, pine (for the forest-steppe lake) and spruce (for the forest lakes). Although a decrease in EC may be attributable to coniferous forest spread in the watersheds, it is more likely that climate fluctuations caused the coincident shifts in vegetation and lake-water hydrochemistry. Forest lakes were marked by a declining trend in EC since the beginning of the Holocene (11.9–11.5 cal ka BP), which was independent of the larch and birch forest distribution (11.5–10.0 cal ka BP) and was interrupted by minor climate-driven EC increases. Electrical conductivity of lake water was higher than present in the period between 6.5 and 3.8 cal ka BP in all three study lakes. Forest lakes were characterized by gradual increases and decreases in EC, with maximum values occurring ca. 5.0–4.0 cal ka BP. Diatoms in the core from the forest-steppe lake record variations in EC through time. In particular, the record shows highest EC values at 5.3 cal ka BP, a decline in EC at 4.1–3.8 cal ka BP, a slight increase about 3.6 cal ka BP and a substantial decrease since 2.8 cal ka BP.

Морфогенез чорнозему типового та ізогумусолю за довготривалого використання різних систем обробітку грунту

Chernozems involvement in agriculture influence some natural transformation processes in the soil profile leading to corresponding changes in the morphological features of genetic horizons and their properties. The aim of our research was to identify the morphological changes of typical chernozem and isohumusol under the long-term tillage influence. In the article were compared similar Mollisols, which were formed due to chernozemic process, Forest-Steppe region and loess, but under influence of different facial conditions. The study was conducted at a research station in Velyka Snitynka village, Fastiv district of Kyiv region (50°5′N, 30°2′E) and at the National Agroecosystem Research Station in Hailun, China (47°126′N, 126°38′E). There was used comparative geographical, morphological and statistical research methods during studying. Our findings have defined, that H and H + Hp horizons were deeper by 0.7-5.8 and 9.8-22.4 cm at isohumusol, H + Hp + Phk + P (h) k horizons - by 27.3-53,1 cm - at typical chernozem due to additional 38.4-42.3 cm horizon made of mole influenced loess enriched with humus incrustations. The upper H horizon was the deepest under plowing: 54.3 – at typical chernozem and 55.0 cm – at isohumusol and shortened under minimum till - 48.2 cm – at typical chernozem. Humus horizons had more brown colors: 10YR 3/2, 10YR5/2 - 10YR5/3 - at isohumusol and gray colors: 2,5Y 3/1 - 2,5Y 5/3, 10YR 4/2 - 10YR 5/2 - at typical chernozem. Conservation tillage effects on closer, to the soil surface, humus horizons placement, better aggregation of granular peds, the profile has higher amount of up and down oriented pores between aggregates, carbonates boil in the lower part of the upper transition horizon. Chernozem profile acquires some characteristics of their virgin analogues under conservation technologies use.

Structural and functional characteristics of algal flora in water bodies of the natural monuments in Orenburg forest steppe Trans Volga region (Russia)

The algal flora of 7 water bodies of Orenburg forest-steppe Trans Volga region protected areas was studied. 193 species and intraspecific taxa of algae belonging to 7 phyla, 12 classes, 30 orders, 57 families and 109 genera were identified. According to the results of a saprobiological analysis studied water bodies and streams are characterized as xeno-, oligo-, and β-mesosaprobic, grades 1-3 of quality, from extremely pure to satisfactory purity. In some water bodies (pond on the Zhmakovsky creek – natural monument «Kuzminka creek with tributaries^ and pond of the natural monument «Aksakov’s park»), disturbances in the stability of ecosystems and various stages of eutrophication were recorded. The data obtained indicate the need for strict compliance with the restrictions already provided for these natural monuments and the use of more effective protection measures to restore ecosystems and improve water quality within the studied objects.

ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ГОРЧИЦЫ САРЕПТСКОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ГОРЧИЦЫ САРЕПТСКОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Latitudinal gradient of diversity of macromycetes and vascular plants in the European part of Russia

The principles of diversity distributing of vascular plants for large areas have been studied for a long time, but also little known about distribution patterns of macromycetes that are closely related in their existence to flora. A limited number of works on the biogeography of macromycetes is mainly based on the number of species of randomly selected territories of arbitrary size, does not allow us to compare these data with the results of studies in local flora obtained using a standardized method for collecting material. We conducted field studies of a model group of macromycetes - clavarioid fungi - in 143 localities, covering all vegetation subzones of Eastern Europe. The hypothesis that the richest mycobiota corresponds to the most floristically rich regions was tested. We found that the richest local flora corresponds to forest-steppe regions, and in the direction of the tundra and steppes the number of species decreases sharply. A similar trend was also revealed for the macromycetes localities, but the peak of their richness corresponds to the south and hemiboreal regions. For both groups, the richest territories correspond to the mountainous areas framing the East European Plain. A strong positive correlation found between the annual primary production, the stock of aboveground phytomass and mortmass with the richness of vegetation and mycobiota. A positive relationship also found between the richness of both biota components with the average annual rainfall, while a relationship with a hydrothermal coefficient established only for local flora. A connection found between the indicators of “energy” and the vegetation cover, while it is absent with the mycobiota. The spatial trends of the taxonomic wealth of vascular plants and fungi are examined from the perspective of the systematic organization of biota. For mycobiota, there is a great relation with the “water” indicators, while, like for the vegetation cover, taxa of different hierarchical levels behave each as a single separate whole. An attempt is made to discuss the applicability of the “mid-domain effect” to the revealed principles of the spatial distribution of the species richness of fungi.

Development of viticulture in the north-eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine through the prism of the ecological approach

The purpose of this article is to determine ecological aspects of grapes quality grown on a private plot in the village of Vysokyi, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region. Main material. The article analyzes the issues of safe and ecological cultivation of grapes in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine as one of the most important indicators for successful and rational cultivation of grapes. This thus ensures crop productivity, drawing a???? ention to the need to intensify research and practical activities for grapes cultivation. The study of viticulture’s optimization shows that it is necessary to have a clear and complete picture of the ecological potential of the territory to increase the productivity of plantations. For this reason a comprehensive method of studying grapes and related plants is required. Useful properties of such a valuable crop as grapes will be manifested if it is environmentally safe for the human body. It should be added that the ecological value of grapes as a crop is due to the fact that it does not deplete the soil and does not suppress other plants. Proper farming techniques, when cultivating soils, do not lead to their signifi cant erosion. Grapes can also be used on soils that are less suitable for other crops in terms of their mechanical and organic composition. All this is complemented by the fact that grape plantations can exist in specifi c areas for a long time without negative manifestations. Grapes are a unique product in their composition and, therefore - extremely useful. The quality of plants is an urgent problem for specialists in various fi elds of research from soil scientists to nutritionists. People have been studying plants for a long time, solving various problems. Conclusions. 10 diff erent varieties of grapes (and grape seeds) have been analysed in the course of study as well as soil samples from the area of cultivation to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) and nitrates. It has been determined that concentrations of heavy metals do not exceed the normative indicators in berries and stones in any of the grape varieties. An important task is to analyse in detail the suitability of the territory of Kharkiv region for growing grapes in the natural environment. Beneficial properties of grapes will be manifested if they are environmentally safe for the human body.

Climate and lake development history in the south of West Siberia

There is a huge number of small lakes in south of West Siberia and such lakes are very useful local for climate and environmental reconstructions. The previously studied objects in the area are mostly peat-bogs and geologic sections; the lake history and natural interactions between paleoenvironmental and climate changes in the region are understudied. Here we present results of multiproxy investigation of three lakes located in different parts of the Baraba forest-steppe region along a 300km north-south transect: Bolshie Toroki, Chany (Yarkov subbasin), and Malye Chany. Vibrational drilling technology method was used to recover undisturbed columns of lake sediments and penetrate to non-lacustrine substrata. The obtained cores were investigated basically by sedimentological and palynological analyses (with the reconstruction of vegetational cover) and radiocarbon dating, additionally we used other paleontological (diatom, ostracod, chironomid analyses), geophysical, and biogeochemical methods to obtain information about environmental and climate changes, as well as lake level, biotic, ecosystem, and geochemical changes. This and our previous studies showed complicated picture of lake evolution histories and climate change in the south of West Siberia. According to our data most of investigated lakes (Chany, Malye Chany, Beloye, Minzelinskoye, Bolshie Toroki, and Kirek) are very young and started to form in the middle Holocene or later as marshy lowland with peaty sediments. Then they became deeper with mostly sapropel sediments.

Каменный инвентарь неолитических комплексов с плоскодонной керамикой лесной зоны Зауралья

Purpose. The earliest sites with different variants of flat-bottomed ceramics in the forest zone of Trans-Urals and Western Siberia date back to the 7th – the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. To understand the process of neolithization, it is important to ascertain the succession of their lithic industries with previous Mesolithic. Results. A review of the Early Neolithic stone inventory reveals two distinct areas in the forest zone. The northern one (Lower Ob, Surgut Ob and Konda basin) is characterized by three technologies: direct percussion flaking and block-on-block knapping of quartz, with inexpressive rarely retouched tools such as scrapers and scaled pieces; percussion-abrasive technique for polished knives, arrowheads, adzes and axes; punch technique for flint inset bladelets, without any arrowheads. Although investigated Mesolithic sites are not numerous in this area, it is clear that the first two technologies arose in the North since that time, when the microblade technique was the dominant one. Lithic assemblages of Early Neolithic settlements in the southern forest zone (Middle Trans-Urals) are generally analogous to the local Mesolithic. The latter included the microblade industry similar to the northern one but supplemented by polished axes. In the Early Neolithic it was completed by arrowheads (tanged points). The inventory of Early Neolithic sites in the Ob-Irtysh forest-steppe region with similar flat-bottomed ceramics almost exclusively contains the flint blade industry resembling the Mesolithic one of the area. Conclusion. Therefore, it is possible to trace traditions and innovations in stone-processing based on three groups of features. These are the types of available stone raw material and their own appropriate technologies, the preservation degree of microblade industry, the nomenclature and typology of implements. According to these traits, in each of the three districts, the Early Neolithic stone industry inherited traditions of the local Mesolithic, but developed in its own way.

Летний курс археологии Сибири для иностранных студентов (2018 год, студенты из Республики Корея)

Purpose. Teaching Siberian archaeology to foreign students has its own characteristics and requires a special approach. Not all terms and phenomena are equivalent to the language and archaeological experience of the students. Therefore, the teacher is unlikely to be able to make foreign students interested in their subject matter by simply giving lectures, since it is not always possible to achieve a full contact with the audience. The use of visual materials while conducting courses helps solve a lot of problems of teaching Siberian archaeology to foreign students. In archaeology, such a visual material is an archaeological site or an artifact. Thus, the method of “immersion” into the environment of the subject studied, which we implement as an excursion to archaeological sites while giving lectures directly at the place where the studied phenomenon can be found, is particularly popular as a way of teaching archaeology to foreigners. Results. Such a technique was implemented in 2018 by researchers of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS and Professor Kang In Uk during the summer course of teaching Siberian archaeology to history students from Kyung Hee University (Seoul, the Republic of Korea). As a part of this course, students visited mound complexes and rock art objects in the Altai Mountains and ground burial sites of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Baraba forest-steppe region. The course included not only a detailed examination of the sites, but also lecturing at each of them. As our experience shows, the students were most interested in the topics resembling the ancient culture of the peoples of the Korean Peninsula, such as burial mounds, rock images of female shamans, Andronovo-type objects, etc. These subjects are relevant not only for research theses, but also as topics for individual research projects. This indicates that the goal of hosting a summer course on archaeology of Siberia for Korean students was achieved: the topic arouses deep interest among the audience. Conclusion. There is no doubt that the methodology of teaching Siberian archaeology to foreign students described in the present article is not only effective, but also has great prospects in the form of various master classes and workshops, as well as in the form of direct participation of foreign students in archaeological excavations in Siberia.

Carbon-removing ability of fir plantations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory forest-steppe zone

Forest ecosystems play a global role in carbon sequestration and emission processes on a planetary scale. The topic of the functional ecological role of forests is urgent due to the problem of climate warming and an increase in the level of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Currently, a differentiated (regional) approach to assessing the biological productivity of stands and their carbon-removing ability is important, which allows a detailed approach to organizing monitoring of the ecological balance and using the resource potential of forest ecosystems of a certain territory. The aim of this work was to assess the carbon-removing ability of modal stands of Siberian fir based on the study of the dynamics of the fractional composition of phytomass in the process of planting development. The studies were conducted in the conditions of the Central Siberian subtaiga forest-steppe region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (the territory of the Bolshemurtinsky forestry). The object of research was fir stands of the third class bonitet. In the work, materials were used for eye-tracking taxation of 456 sections. The dynamics of the fractional composition was calculated using the conversion-volumetric method (Ph/M conversion) on the basis of the developed table of the growth course, followed by the conversion of the studied fir plantations to the carbon reserves deposited by the tree layer.

Тканинна терапія та її значення при акушерсько-гінекологічних хворобах тварин

The effective management of dairy cattle requires study of alternative method therapy, one of which is the use of biogenic stimulators, for the treatment and prevention of functional disorders of the reproductive system in cows. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of tissue preparations were made according to the method of Filatov in the modification of the Department of obstetrics and surgery of the Polissia National University on the biochemical blood composition in cows and to analyze the experience of their application for correction the course of pregnancy, prevention of infertility, treatment of obstetric-gynecological diseases and their prevention. The results of researches of the composition and experience of the application of tissue preparations made from uterus with contents, 3-5 months of pregnancy of clinically healthy cows and mares are presented in the article. It has been established that the composition of fetoplacentat and fetoplacentat-K include micro- and macroelements Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Co, Fe, Ca, P, K, Mg, Cd, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormones, oestradiol and progesterone. The clinical trials of fetoplacentat and fetoplacentat-K To, according to the developed schemes, were conducted more than 10 thousand heads of cattle, including 9.5 thousand cows and firstborn-cows and 700 heifers of the Simmental, Ukrainian red-pied and black-pied, Holstein dairy breeds in the farms of Polissya and in Zhytomyr forest-steppe region. It has been found that the high therapeutic efficacy in obstetric-gynecologic diseases of cows observed after the second and third injecting tissue preparations that show the occurrence and during the full stage of excitation of sexual cycle at 70% of cows, of which 84 % of the animals were fertilized. It has been shown that the using cows in the run and heifers in the last month of pregnancy tissue preparations in conjunction with trivitamin reduces the duration of the stages of calving at 33% and the time from calving to insemination, respectively by 11.3 %. However, it is worth noting that the using of tissue preparations fetoplacentat and fetoplacentat-K does not cause pathological processes in the organism of animals, including the occurrence of Allergy and irritation at the injection site. The analysis of the data clearly indicates that a three-fold introduction of fetoplacentat and fetoplacentat-K was caused the increase of the level of occurrence of biochemical processes in the organism of sterile cows and contributes to full-fledged stages of the sexual cycle and fruitful insemination of cows.

BURIALS OF THE AMAZONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE DNIEPER REGION

The burials of armed women of the territory of forest-steppe Dnieper region of the Scythian Age are analysed in the paper.
 The presented series consists of 27 complexes which are located on the territory of the Forest-steppe region of the Right Bank of the Dnieper (21), Left Bank territories (3) and Terrace Forest-Steppe (3). 14 graves (half of the total number) had been robbed which makes the reliability and informational content of this sample quite suitable for research. The burials of the Amazons of this region were made in a kurgan except for one (ground or flat grave). The height of the mounds varies from 0.2 to 7.6 m, diameter — from 8.7 to 63 m. Only three graves in the group were inserted to the mound.
 The graves are represented by five types. Three types of the pits prevail (81.5 %), two variants of the catacombs are also presented (two and three respectively). The wide use of wood is one of the features of the structure of funerary complexes of the Forest-Steppe Amazons. Thus, the burial structures correspond to the Scythian traditions but have certain local specifics.
 All burials are inhumations. Individual burials are predominant. Age affiliation was detected in 11 cases (more than 40 %). Only two age groups of the deceased are represented — ranging from 15—20 to 35 years.
 The grave goods include various types of weapons (mainly arrows and spears), horse bridles, various de­corations, including precious metals and semiprecious stones, mirrors, tools, sets of various tableware etc. These sets, on the one hand, seem to be common for the Amazons of European Scythia, and on the other hand, they have specific regional features.
 Kurgans with burials of armed women have a fairly broad date: from the second part — end of the 7th till the 4th—3rd centuries BC.

Изменчивость показателей качества семян Pinus sylvestris L. на территории Забайкальского края

One of the most wildly spread wood species within the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Zabaykalsky Krai has a great length both from North to South (about 1000 km) and from West to East (about 800 km). This is responsible for a variety of soil and climatic conditions of growth of this wood species. There are two forest site zones (forest-steppe and Southern Siberia mountain zones) and four forest regions (Zabaykalsky forest-steppe, Baikal mountain-forest, Zabaykalsky mountain-permafrost and Zabaykalsky mountain-forest regions) within the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai according to the List of Forest Site Zones of the Russian Federation and the List of Forest Regions of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to know the long-term average values and limits of variability of seed quality indicators for the forest site zones and forest regions of the region in order to completely and adequately assess the effect of external factors on the population level of forest communities. So far, specific data have not been published for the considered region providing in relation to forest site zoning. The research purpose was to determine the long-term average values and limits of variability of weight of 1000 pcs of seeds, germinative energy and germinability for 2 forest site zones and 4 forest regions of the Krai, as well as for the Krai as a whole. These data can serve as a standard for rate setting of sowing seeds and growing high-quality planting material in forest nurseries for the forest site zone and forest region. One of the available methods for obtaining realistic data on pine forests reproduction in the region is a look back analysis of the materials of the Center for Forest Protection of Zabaykalsky Krai for the period from 1970 to 2016. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the average weight data of 1000 pcs of seeds, germinative energy and germinability for 2 forest site zones and 4 forest regions of the Krai change from North to South and from West to East. They increase in the direction from North to South: weight of 1000 pcs of seeds – by 25.3 %, germinative energy – by 16.5 %, and germinability – by 14.9 %. They decrease in the direction from West to East: weight of 1000 pcs of seeds – by 3.2 %, germinative energy – by 1.3 %, and germinability – by 0.9 %. The average weight of 1000 pcs of seeds for the Southern Siberia mountain zone was 6.0 g, for the forest-steppe zone – 7.5 g; the average values of germinative energy and germinability – 82.8 and 85.9 %, 88.7 and 91.7 %, respectively. All in all for Zabaykalsky Krai, the average weight of 1000 pcs of seeds corresponds to 6.5 g, germinative energy – 85.7 %, and germinability – 88.8 %.For citation: Pak L.N. Variability of Seed Quality Indicators of Pinus sylvestris L. within the Territory of Zabaykalsky Krai. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 6, pp. 262–269. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.262

Helmet of the “Kuban” Type from Kelermes Burial Ground (Excavated in 1993)

The “Kuban” type helmet was found in the “Meotian” grave of small kurgan 15 (with the main and primary grave of the Bronze Age) in 1993 by the Kelermes archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage Museum. It is an object included in one of the components of the so-called “Scythian triad” and relates to the 7th – 6th centuries BC. The helmet has a shape that is close to hemispherical, it is corroded and in the front part it has superciliaryarcuate cuts, forming a small nose triangular plate, and a rectangular cutout in the back. On the edge of the helmet, there are 10 holes for fastening or lining of the helmet or leather earflaps. The helmet was cast on a wax model with a loss of a mould, and made of good tin bronze (Cu – base, Sn – 7–8%, As – 0.4%, Pb – 0.4%, Fe < 0.4%, Sb – traces), like many other items of this category of weapons. Regarding the origin of the “Kuban” type helmets, many of which are irregular finds, there are three versions of the origin of such helmets, which can be called the North Caucasian one, the Near Eastern one, and the Central Asiatic–North Chinese one. In the 1980s, a summary of such helmets, compiled by L.K. Galanina, consisted of 16 copies. Currently, it can be increased due to several new finds that have become known in recent decades, the area of which covers the territory of Eurasia from Mongolia to the Dnieper-river forest-steppe region. This allows to link their origin to the territory of Central Asia and North China more confidently, and typologically connect them with bronze helmets of the Western Zhou dating to the 11th – 8th centuries BC.

Раритетна компонента лісових фітоценозів Лісостепу України

Наводиться аналіз проблеми щодо актуальності питань інвентаризації раритетної компоненти лісової флори України, її природно-зональних та адміністративно-обласних спектрів. Визначено причини раритетності видів лісової флори та запропоновано заходи щодо їхньої охорони. Для організації моніторингу чисельності та поширення судинних рослин міжнародного, національного та регіонального статусів охорони як складової системного моніторингу лісів досліджено стан популяцій раритетних видів рослин та їхнього розповсюдження в лісових фітоценозах Лісостепу (рясність-покриття та участь у складі рослинного покриву, розповсюдження в межах адмінистративних областей, Лісостепової лісогосподарської області та чотирьох її округів). Об’єкти досліджень – ділянки моніторингу 1-го рівня (642 ділянки) у межах Лісостепу України.

К вопросу о территории обнаружения предметов из Сибирской коллекции Петра I

На сегодняшний день существуют две наиболее обоснованных гипотезы о районах происхождения предметов из Сибирской коллекции Петра I. Исследователи рассматривают две основные территории действий «бугровщиков» по ограблению курганов в период формирования коллекции. Один из этих регионов — лесостепные районы Тоболо-Иртышья. Другим регионом является юго-западная часть Обь-Иртышского междуречья.
 Сведения о присоединении территорий Северного Казахстана, Кулунды и Верхнего Приобья к Российскому государству в начале XVIII в. позволяют утверждать, что основная часть предметов Сибирской коллекции Петра I, собранная в 1715-1716 гг., происходит из районов юга Обь-Иртышского междуречья. Курганы из районов Тоболо-Иртышья были разграблены бугровщиками в конце XVII — первые годы XVIII в. Новые возможности продвинуться в степные районы юга Обь-Иртышского междуречья у бугровщиков возникли в ходе военных походов И.Д. Бухгольца в 1715 г. и Ф. Матигорова 1716 г., продвинувшихся в Прииртышье до оз. Ямышево.
 Наличие большого числа курганов элиты общества поздней древности и Средневековья, а также аналогии предметам Сибирской коллекции из раскопок «царских» курганов на юге Обь-Иртышья подтверждают мнение М.И. Артамонова, С.И. Руденко и М.П. Грязнова о происхождении основной части Сибирской коллекции Петра I с этой территории.

Specific Features of the Formation of Water Flow and Pollution Export from Agricultural, Forest, and Urbanized Landscapes

The overland flow from different landscapes during flood season and its variations under the effect of agrotechnical activities and climate in the southern Russian Plain have been evaluated based on the analysis of data from water balance plots. The present-day overland flow in forest steppe and steppe regions has been shown to be several times less than that 50–70 years ago. At the same time, the infiltration runoff (perched-water and groundwater runoff) has increased. The structure of the present-day river runoff and the contribution of the overland flow, the runoff from a hydrographic network area, and the runoff of infiltration origin in individual natural zones to the formation of the river runoff have been determined. The export of biogens in the Volga and Don basins, including that in urbanized areas, has been calculated based on the analysis of water samples in different landscape zones. Such export from urbanized landscapes has been shown to contribute little to the total export of biogens in these basins. The volume of biogens of diffuse origin considerably exceeds that of biogens carried out by wastewater. However, this relationship may change for large rivers and reservoirs since river water carrying diffuse biogens mostly moves for a long time before it reaches the main river partially self-purified, whereas wastewater biogens mainly directly flow into large rivers.

Floristic diversity of the landscape complex “Ivanivski Lakes” of Obolonska lowland (Middle Prydniprovia)

The article describes the landscape complex Ivanivski Lakes, which is a system of closed floodplain bodies of the elongated shape, located on the left bank of the Kryva Ruda River at Semeniv district of Poltava region. According to the physical geographical zoning, the territory is a part of Obolon-Grady district of the southern forest-steppe region, Livoberezhny-Dniprovska forest-steppe province, the foreststeppe zone of Ukraine, the Dnipro terraced plain. The landscape complex of Ivanivski Lakes can be considered arid as it is represented by a steppe vegetation with a dry warm or hot climate, in which specific biogeocoenoses are formed. The Obolon lowland landscape is natural, only partly affected by a small anthropogenic impact. It is shown that the system of reservoirs is characterized by non-permanent watering and in the second half of the summer the lakes dry up, and there are processes of salinization of the soil on shores. The watery horizon of the second terrace, which is distributed within the limits of the natural complex of Ivanivski Lakes, lies close to the surface; its thickness does not exceed 30 m; and productivity is equal to 1.5–2.5 l/sec. The presence of Ca and SO4 indicates the process of leaching from the loess soils. An indicator of this process is the formation of halophilous vegetation, more typical for the Northern Black Sea coast. It is also shown that halophytes do not form a solid surface. On the area of 1,200 hectares a halophytic plant complex was formed, the bases of which are 11 specieshalophytes, with three representatives of the Red Book of Ukraine (Fritillaria meleagroide, Tulipa biebersteiniana and Bulbocodium versicolor) among them. The conducted research showed features of the distribution of plant species from soil and hydrological conditions. The provided research showed the necessity to create a local nature reserve Ivanivski Lakes, and the expediency of joining it to the territory of the Nyzhnosulskyi National Natural Park is substantiated in order to preserve the nature and scientific monitoring of rare natural complexes, which are the indicators of changes in the hydrological regime and microclimate in the region.