Forest Management Unit Research Articles

Determinants of Financial Viability of Forest Concession in Brazilian Amazon

This study aimed to assess the financial viability of forest concessions in the state of Pará, Brazil. Two Forest Management Units (FMUs) were analyzed: FMU-2, located in Saracá-Taquera National Forest, and FMU-3, located in Caxiuanã National Forest. Financial indicators were evaluated under different timber productivity scenarios (20 m3/ha and 25.8 m3/ha). At a logging intensity of 20 m3/ha, FMU-2 was not financially viable. However, both FMUs were financially viable at 25.8 m3/ha. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that FMU-2 requires a logging intensity of over 22 m3/ha and a sawmill yield efficiency of at least 45%. The ideal cost for sawn wood would be USD 226.53/m3, with royalties of USD 16.00/m3. FMU-3 consistently demonstrated positive financial results, despite fluctuations in production costs. The financial viability of investing in forest concessions in state of Pará depends largely on forest productivity, sawmill yield, royalties, and sawn wood costs.

Impact of Indonesia's Forest Management Units on the reduction of forest loss and forest fires in Sulawesi

The establishment of Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/ KPH) represents one of Indonesia's most significant forest governance reforms, covering the 120 million hectares of designated Forest Areas. Sharing features with the Landscape Approach, KPHs are expected to reduce deforestation and forest degradation through improved forest planning, oversight, open access avoidance, and fire prevention and response. This paper assesses the impact of KPHs on the reduction of forest loss, including forest loss due to fire, and the factors that influence this impact (e.g. KPH's primary objective, deforestation risk). We use remotely sensed data to estimate difference-in-differences models accounting for differences in baseline characteristics and multiple time periods. Our case study, Sulawesi Island, is primarily shaped by smallholder farmer land use, where KPHs can exert significant influence. We do not find evidence of an overall effect of KPHs on deforestation. However, we observe intriguing heterogeneous effects depending on the year, including significantly less deforestation in already-established KPHs during the El Niño years of 2015–16, and a notable impact on the reduction of forest loss due to fire in some early-established KPHs. These findings warrant further investigation.

One century of carbon dynamics in the eastern Canadian boreal forest under various management strategies and climate change projections

Partial cutting has lower canopy removal intensities than clearcutting and has been proposed as an alternative harvesting approach to enhance ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and storage. However, the ideal partial cutting/clearcutting proportion that should be applied to managed areas of the eastern Canadian boreal forest to enhance long-term carbon sequestration and storage at the landscape scale remains uncertain. Our study projected carbon dynamics over 100 years (2010–2110) under a portfolio of management strategies and future climate scenarios within three boreal forest management units in Quebec, Canada, distributed along an east–west gradient. To model future carbon dynamics, we used LANDIS-II, its Forest Carbon Succession extension, and several extensions that account for natural disturbances in the boreal forest (wind, fire, spruce budworm). We simulated the effects of several management strategies on carbon dynamics, including a business-as-usual strategy (clearcutting applied to more than 95 % of the annually managed area), and compared these projections against a no-harvest natural dynamics scenario. We projected an overall increase in total ecosystem carbon storage, mostly because of increased productivity and broadleaf presence under limited climate change. The drier Western region under climate scenario RCP8.5 was an exception, as stocks decreased after 2090 because of the direct negative effects of extreme climate change on coniferous species’ productivity. Under the natural dynamic scenario, our simulations suggest that the Quebec Forest in the Central and Western regions may act as a carbon sink, despite high fire-related carbon emissions, particularly under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Conversely, the eastern region periodically switched from carbon sink to source following SBW outbreaks, thus being a weak sink over the simulation period. Applying partial cutting to over 50 % of the managed forest area effectively mitigated the negative impacts of climate change on carbon balance, reducing differences in stand composition and carbon storage between naturally dynamic forests and those managed for timber. In contrast, clearcutting-based scenarios, including the business-as-usual approach, substantially reduced total ecosystem carbon storage— by approximately double (10 tC ha−1 yr−1) compared to partial cutting scenarios (<5 tC ha−1 yr−1). Clearcutting led to higher heterotrophic respiration due to the proliferation of fast-decomposing broadleaves, resulting in lower carbon accumulation compared to partial cuts. Our findings underscore the importance of balancing canopy removal intensities to increase carbon sequestration and storage while preserving other ecosystem qualities under climate change.

Predicting the effect of climate change and management on net carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystems of the European part of Russia with the complex of models

The objectives of sustainable development require the ability to estimate potential changes in net carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems (including changes in biomass, mortmass, and soil organic matter) under possible climate change and different forest management strategies. Such estimates require consideration of different ecosystem components and processes. To achieve this goal, we have integrated several ecological models (dynamic stand model FORRUS-S, soil organic matter model Romul_Hum, statistical climate generator SCLISS and process-based forest ecosystem model EFIMOD3) to simulate the ecosystem dynamics at the regional level in several study areas within the forest zone of the European part of Russia. The simulation results reflected both the direct effects of climate change and forest management actions on ecosystem carbon pools, and the indirect effects through changes in species composition. The simulation experiments were spatially detailed at the level of individual forest management units, thereby revealing the influence of habitat conditions on the rate of carbon sequestration under the influence of environmental factors. We found that net carbon sequestration in all major ecosystem pools was mostly positive, ranging between 0 and 1.45 t ha year−1 depending on study area and simulation scenario. Higher accumulation was typically observed in medium-rich and rich habitat types with mesic moistening. In the long term, the effect of climate change was found to be comparable to the effect of management interventions.

INSTITUTION ANALYSIS OF FARMERS GROUP HOLDERS OF SOCIAL FORESTRY LICENSE IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT OF BATUTEGI, INDONESIA

Institutions are the rules of the game that can regulate the activities of Farmers Group members to support Social Forestry activities. The study aimed to analyze the structure, roles, and institutional rules of the Farmers Group of Karya Tani Mandiri and the Farmers Group of Karya Bakti in the Forest Management Unit of Batutegi, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observations, and literature studies. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using a Likert scale. The results showed that Farmers Group of Karya Bakti in terms of structure, roles, and complete game rules compared to Farmers Group Karya Tani Mandiri. This is because the Farmers Group of Karya Tani Mandiri at the time in the field did not have Memorandum of Association/Article of Association, Decree of the Regent, institution’s structure, the role of the structure, but the facts in the field Farmers Group of Karya Bakti violated the rules of the game in the Memorandum of Association/Article of Association, namely cutting down trees for personal gain. In forest areas, the application of the game rules to the institution's performance of the Farmers Group of Karya Tani Mandiri and the Farmers Group of Karya Bakti needs to be improved so that forest management can be sustainable by understanding and obeying the rules of the game that apply.

Forest Plundering in the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Randublatung, Blora Regency: Types of Plundering and the Involvement of External Community Actors

Forest Plundering in the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Randublatung, Blora Regency: Types of Plundering and the Involvement of External Community Actors

CO2 emissions from solid biofuel consumption in rural communities in Durango, Mexico

Objective: the objective of this study was to calculate the amount, in kilotons per year (kt a-1), of CO2 emissions from firewood consumption in rural communities of Durango in managed areas (UMAFOR– Forest Management Units) and at the municipality scale. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: the firewood consumption was determined for each of the UMAFOR areas and the 39 municipalities into which the state of Durango is divided. Greenhouse Inventory Software® was used to determine CO2 emissions. Results: the annual CO2 balance due to firewood consumption in Durango was 268.05 kt of CO2. These emissions in relation to the national scale represent 1.52% per year. Those UMAFOR and the municipalities that are geographically located in the semi-arid zone of the state of Durango were those with the higher CO2 emissions. Findings/ Conclusions: it is necessary to couple the consumption of firewood with eco-technologies that favor its efficient consumption, thus mitigating CO2 emissions.

Fostering Mitigation Awareness in Disaster Communication: A Study of KPH Brang Beh, Sumbawa Regency

This study aims to explore the role of the Forest Management Unit Brang Beh in managing natural resources within its jurisdiction, and to identify challenges in community awareness and readiness regarding disaster risk mitigation. Utilizing a qualitative research approach with a case study method, this study reveals a significant gap in public understanding of disaster risks and mitigation strategies, primarily influenced by insufficient communication and dissemination of adequate information. Research findings indicate that effective communication plays a crucial role in enhancing public awareness and participation in disaster risk mitigation. Communication challenges, such as limited access to official information platforms and inadequate disaster mitigation education, underscore the importance of adopting a more strategic and inclusive communication approach by KPH Brang Beh.

Evaluating the potential for continuous update of enhanced forest inventory attributes using optical satellite data

Abstract Timely and detailed inventories of forest resources are of critical importance to guiding sustainable forest management decisions. As forests occur across large spatial extents, remotely sensed data are often used to augment conventional forest inventory measurements. When combined with field plot measurements, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data can be used to derive detailed enhanced forest inventories (EFIs), which provide spatially explicit and wall-to-wall characterizations of forest attributes. However, these EFIs represent a static point in time, and the dynamic nature of forests, coupled with increasing disturbance and uncertain future conditions, generates a need for the continuous updating of forest inventories. This study used a time series of optical satellite data to update an EFI generated for a large (~690 000 ha) forest management unit in Ontario, Canada, at a two-week interval. The two-phase approach involved first building a relationship between single-year EFI attributes (2018) and spectral variables representing within-year slope, amplitude, and trend of a time series (2000–21) of 14 spectral bands and indices. For each of the 20 strata representing different species groups and site productivity classes, a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) model was developed to impute seven common EFI attributes: aboveground biomass, basal area, stem density, Lorey’s height, quadratic mean diameter, and stem volume. Across all strata, models were generally accurate, with relative root mean square error ranging from 11.47% (canopy cover) to 31.82% (stem volume). In the second phase of the approach, models were applied across the entire study area at two-week intervals in order to assess the capacity of the methodology for characterizing change in EFI attributes over a three-year period. Outputs from this second phase demonstrated the potential of the approach for characterizing changes in EFI values in areas experiencing no change or non-stand replacing disturbances. The methods developed herein can be used for EFI update for any temporal interval, thereby enabling more informed decisions by forest managers to prescribe treatments or understand the current state of forest resources.

Cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis of slow pyrolysis biochar from forest harvest residues in Ontario, Canada

Climate change mitigation technologies have been a focus in reducing atmospheric carbon levels for the past few years. One such mitigation technology is pyrolysis, where biomass feedstocks are combusted at elevated temperatures for varying durations to produce three main products: biochar, bio-oil, and biogas. While bio-oil and biogas are typically used to produce energy via further combustion, biochar can be used in several different applications. Furthermore, using forest harvest residues as a feedstock for biochar production helps use excess biomass from the forestry industry that was previously assumed unmarketable. In our study, we combined forest carbon analysis modelling with cradle-to-gate life cycle emissions to determine the greenhouse gas emissions of biochar produced from forest harvest residues. We examined three collection scenarios, spanning two harvesting methods in one forest management unit in northern Ontario, Canada. From our analysis, we observed immediate reductions (− 0.85 tCO2eq·tbiochar−1 in year 1) in CO2-equivalent emissions (CO2eq) when producing biochar from forest harvest residues that would have undergone controlled burning, without considering the end use of the biochar. For the forest harvest residues that would remain in-forest to decay over time, producing biochar would increase overall emissions by about 6 tCO2eq·tbiochar−1. Throughout the 100-year timeframe examined–in ascending order of cumulative emissions–scenario ranking was: full tree harvesting with slash pile burn < full tree harvesting with slash pile decay < cut-to-length/tree-length harvesting.Graphical

Productivity of TIMBERJACK 240A and LKT 81T Skidders at Selective Cutting and Longer Distances

The extraction of wood from forests is a difficult, risky, expensive, and time-consuming operation, especially in mountainous areas and selective forests. In the forestry of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), winching and skidding of wood assortments is most often done with cable skidders. They are the most applicable because they can handle hilly, mountainous and inaccessible terrain in the compartments that are most common in local forestry. In addition, selective and group-selective forest management systems are dominant, where the manoeuvring of any type of machinery is strictly limited to the skid trails and skid roads. It is a matter of legal and sub-legal regulations and environmental standards. Striving for higher productivity and economy of skidding is ultimately one of the objectives of forest management. Different Timberjack and LKT models of skidders are widely used in BIH. The study was conducted in the area of two public forest enterprises, in compartments 32 (Forest management unit "Vrbanja") and 99 (Forest management unit ““Lješljanica-Maglajska”) with similar stand and relief conditions. The research objects were two skidders, which are used very often in the forestry of BIH, LKT 81T and Timberjack 240A. Skidder LKT 81T was used in compartment 32, where 29 cycles were recorded, during which 212 logs were skidded. Total volume of skidded wood was 159.98 m3 with average volume of 5.52 m3·load-1. Timberjack 240A was used in compartment 99, where 84 cycles were recorded, with 398 logs. Total skidded wood with Timberjack 240A was 657.34 m3, with average volume of 7.83 m3·load-1. Relative share of work operations showed that loaded and unloaded drive had the largest share, onsie In case of LKT 81T loaded drive was 31% and unloaded drive 25%, while for Timberjack 240A skidder loaded drive accounted for 44% and unloaded drive for 37% of productive work time. Average skidding distance for loaded drive was 1080.34 m for LKT 81T and 727.98 for Timberjack 240A. Unloaded drive, manoeuvring drive and loaded drive showed dependence on corresponding distances. With the increase of the distance and volume of the load, the time required for skidding per unit of product increases. In comparable range (up to 900 m), for the same load size, Timberjack 240A achieved lower standard time, i.e., higher productivity than LKT 81T. Using a skidder at longer distances significantly reduces productivity and increases costs. However, planners often decide in such cases to use a cable skidder for wood skidding, knowing that the costs will be higher, which is again a better option than not harvesting parts of the compartment.

Indicators for monitoring reduced impact logging in the Brazilian amazon derived from airborne laser scanning technology

Monitoring reduced impact logging (RIL) activities in sustainably managed forest areas in the Amazon is a costly and complex, yet crucial endeavor. One viable monitoring option is the use of airborne laser scanning (LiDAR), which enables estimating forest structure parameters over large areas in a reduced timeframe with high accuracy. In this study, we propose and assess the applicability of five monitoring indicators for RIL based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data acquisition in areas under forest concession. Five Annual Production Units (APUs) were investigated within the Forest Management Unit (FMU) III of the Jamari National Forest, located in the Southwest of the Brazilian Amazon. These sites were surveyed by LiDAR in 2014 and 2015 (one year after the exploration). Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), Surface Models (DSMs), and Canopy Height Models (CHMs) were generated for each APU. The proposed indicators were: i. Detection and identification of crown removal in dominant and co-dominant trees above 30 m; ii. Gap detection in the forest canopy; iii. Impacts of Reduced Impact Logging on the Understory; iv. Changes in the vertical canopy profile; and v. Affected areas within Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and restricted areas. There was a 3.95% reduction in the occurrence of taller canopies after RIL, and a higher occurrence of small gaps (λ > 1), with λ values (2.34) being higher in the area with the oldest logging history (APU 1). Gini coefficient values in all APUs were below 0.5, indicating a low intensity of disturbances in the forest canopy. The shape (γ) and scale (β) parameters of the understory and canopy were not significantly correlated with variables related to selective logging. Restricted areas were considered for the allocation of roads, trails, log landings, and places with slopes equal to or >15%, and the indices of areas affected by RIL in PPAs and restricted areas were <2%. The proposed indicators using LiDAR data show great potential for monitoring managed areas in the Amazon and can be utilized by concession companies and government oversight.

Points, cells, or polygons? On the choice of spatial units in forest conservation policy impact evaluation

A fast-growing literature uses remotely sensed land-cover data along with quasi-experimental statistical methods to assess the efficacy of forest conservation interventions. A critical modeling choice is the spatial unit of analysis—points, grid cells, and polygons are all commonly used. Yet little is known about the implications of this choice for treatment effect estimates and for their interpretation. We demonstrate that point-level data can generate treatment effect estimates substantially different from those based on polygon-level data when (i) a disproportionate share of sample points is drawn from relatively large, treated polygons as a result of random or quasi-random spatial sampling, and (ii) the intervention analyzed has heterogeneous effects that depend on treatment polygon size. Our paper has four parts. First, using real-world data (on the award of timber extraction permits to forest management units in Mexico) that meet the two aforementioned criteria, we demonstrate that point- and polygon-level data generate qualitatively different results, and we propose a simple method for weighting the point-level data to recover the polygon-level results. Second, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to clarify the mechanism that causes this phenomenon and to provide reassurance that it is not driven by unobserved confounding factors. Third, we present new evidence (on Mesoamerican and Dominican protected areas) suggesting this phenomenon is not uncommon. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the design and interpretation of spatial evaluations of forest conservation interventions. Although our analysis focuses on point- versus polygon-level data, the mechanism we describe also applies to grid cell- versus polygon-level data.

ANALISIS PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN (STAKEHOLDER) TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR DAS WAE BATU MERAH KOTA AMBON

This study aims to identify the main roles and tasks of relevant stakeholders in managing water resources and analyze the stakeholders influence and interests in managing water resources of the Wae Batu Merah Watershed of Ambon City. The research method uses a descriptive with a qualitative approach. The sampling method was purposive sampling, which in this research was 13 agencies/institutions/Apparatus Organizations (OPD). The research identified relevant stakeholders main roles and tasks in the management of water resources of the Wae Batu Merah Watershed in Ambon City including 13 Regional OPD/ agencies/ government/institutions. The results of mapping the influence and interests of stakeholders related to water resources management in the Batu Merah watershed show that there are four stakeholders in quadrant I (subjects), namely the Soya State Government, Batu Merah State Government, PT Dream Sukses Arindo and PDAM Kota Ambon. Quadrant II (Player) are the River Basin Center of Maluku Province, the Maluku Provincial Forestry Service. The Maluku Provincial Watershed Management Center, and the Disaster Management Agency of Ambon City. Quadrant III (Crowd) are the Maluku Provincial Watershed Forum, and the Regional Technical Implementation Unit Forest Management Unit of Ambon City. Finally, quadrant IV (context setters), are the Research and Development Agency of Ambon City, the Regional Development Planning Agency of Maluku Province, and the Environment Office of Maluku Province.

Effect of collection period on oleoresin yield of Pinus merkusii

Pinus merkusii is one of the most important timber species in Indonesia, the main product of which is its oleoresin. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of collection period (three periods, with 6-day observation each) on oleoresin yield in relation to two factors: growth sites of Pinus merkusii, which in the case of this study were East Banyumas, West Banyumas, and West Pekalongan Forest Management Units, and use of stimulants (sulfuric acid and ethephon mixtures, ETRAT, SR4, and no treatment). The average total oleoresin yield from a single tree or wound during the 18-day observation period was 110-185 g/tree for untreated trees and 159-442 g/tree for stimulant-treated trees. By analysis of variance, the interaction between each collection period (6-day observation period) and tree growing sites showed that the maximum average oleoresin yield for one hole was 109.32 g/tree measured in East Banyumas in the first collection period. Furthermore, the East Banyumas site consistently showed significantly the highest yield in each period. The interaction between the factors of stimulant and collection period (6-day observation) resulted in the highest average oleoresin yield (121.86 g/tree) measured for trees treated with sulfuric acid (20%) and Ethephon (2%) mixtures in aqueous solution (v/v) treatment in the first collecting period. In West Pekalongan, the resin yield from trees treated with different treatments tended to be positively related to tree diameter. In addition, a positive correlation was found between resin yield and tree height or crown closure, while a negative correlation was found between resin yield and site elevation in trees treated with certain stimulants.

Forest cover change and its carbon dynamic of the karst area in Bulusaraung, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Information on land forest cover changes and carbon stocks in karst areas is vital for management planning. Therefore, an analysis of the dynamics of land forest cover, carbon stocks of secondary karst forests, and their future projections is necessary. This study aimed to analyze the carbon stocks of secondary forests, forest cover change, and their projections in karst areas. We used 43 sample plots of 20 m x 20 m to measure Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and soil organic carbon stocks. Forest cover data were collected using remote sensing and GIS tools. Data analysis of the ABG of the secondary forest for the karst plain and karst tower was conducted using the Chave equation. Land-cover change was analyzed by delineating the 2011, 2016, and 2021 land-cover data from satellite imagery and testing the accuracy using survey data fields and high-resolution images. Land-cover projections for 2026 and 2031 were obtained using Cellular Automata Markov (CA-Markov) analysis. The results revealed ten land cover types in the karst area of the Bulusaraung Forest Management Unit (FMU). Secondary dryland karst forests (tower and plain karst) were the dominant forest types (60%) in the Maros-Pangkep essential karst ecosystem area. Both karst types of secondary forests are relatively high carbon stores. Data projection shows that the mining area will grow extensively by 2031. Secondary dryland karst forests will be degraded by 15.5% in 20 years due to increased mining activities, conversion to paddy fields, dryland agriculture, and mixed dryland agriculture. Karst ecosystems are vital for carbon and water storage. Therefore, some strategies are required for the sustainable management of Maros-Pangkep Karst are as follows: (i) controlling the opening of mining areas according to sustainable environmental principles, (ii) encouraging the implementation of post-mining land rehabilitation, (iii) increasing public awareness of the importance of preserving karst areas, and (iv) implementing soil conservation rules by prioritizing agroforestry systems in dryland farming.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by indigenous community of Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia

Abstract. Rambey R, Nelasufa F, Athoriez APM, Solihin, Rahmawaty, Susilowati A, Afifuddin Y. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by indigenous community of Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1046-1056. Aek Guo Village, Mandailing Natal District, Indonesia, falling under the jurisdiction of Forest Management Unit or Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) IX Panyabungan, serves as a home for the Mandailing indigenous tribe, primarily engaged in agriculture with a significant dependence on the forest for sustenance. Within the cultural fabric of the Aek Guo community, there exists a profound tradition of employing medicinal plants as an alternative form of treatment, a practice deeply rooted in ethnobotanical knowledge passed down through generations. The study aimed to identify the diverse array of medicinal plants, their utilization practices, and key parameters such as Use Value (UV), Family Use Value (FUV), Plant Part Value (PPV), and Fidelity Level (FL) associated with their applications. A comprehensive approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative methods, the study involves semi-structured interviews and meticulous documentation. The findings reveal a rich repertoire of 66 plant species distributed across 36 families, constituting a vital component of the Aek Guo community. Noteworthy is the pre-eminence of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with the highest UV value (0.68), while paku gajah (Angiopteris evecta) being the lowest (0.01). Family Use Value (FUV) demonstrated variations, with Fabaceae leading the chart (0.39), and Simaroubaceae recording the lowest value (0.01). A closer examination of Plant Part Value (PPV) indicated a preference for leaves, comprising 56.06% of the utilized plant parts, while flowers contribute minimally at 1.51%. Fidelity Level (FL) values, crucial for assessing the significance of particular plants within the community, peak for kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) and ginger (Z. officinale) at 22.54%. In contrast, jerangau (Acorus calamus), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), and paku gajah (A. evecta) exhibit the lowest FL values at 1.41%. These findings contribute significantly to the broader understanding of ethnobotanical practices across different Mandailing communities, with potential implications for conservation, healthcare, and sustainable resource management.

Empowerment Strategies for Forest Farmer Groups (FFGs) in Honeybee Cultivation within the Dolago Tanggunu Forest Management Unit Area

This research aims to empower and identify internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors influencing the empowerment of Forest Farmer Groups (FFGs) in honeybee cultivation within the Dolago Tanggung Forest Management Unit, Central Sulawesi. The study was conducted from March to May 2023, involving 45 respondents from 3 FFGs, each comprising 15 members. Qualitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis with IFAS and EFAS matrices were employed. The results of the internal and external factor analyses revealed strengths such as training for FFG members and financial assistance, weaknesses including limited FFG members participating in training and difficulties in securing additional funds for maintenance costs. Opportunities encompassed government support and consumer trust in products, while threats comprised weather changes and underutilization of technology for information acquisition. The SWOT analysis placed the study in Quadrant 1, indicating support for an aggressive strategy leveraging strengths to seize opportunities. Strategies suggested involve enhancing relationships among government, FFGs, and partners, boosting honey production and quality, providing regular honeybee cultivation training, utilizing agricultural and information technologies for product marketing, and employing attractive packaging to enhance consumer appeal.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN AIR TERJUN MANTOWU SEBAGAI WISATA ALAM DI WILAYAH KPHP UNIT II LASALIMU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The challenge of the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) Unit II Lasalimu as a forest management unit at the site level is the management of forests that can support community welfare and increase state foreign exchange. Mantowu Waterfall is one of the tourist destinations in the KPHP Unit II Lasalimu area which is administratively located in Pasarwajo District, Buton Regency. The development of Mantowu Waterfall as a natural tourism needs to be supported by a feasibility analysis. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Mantowu Waterfall as a natural tourist attraction. The research was conducted through data collection, observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis using the Guidelines for Analysis of the Operation Area of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (ADOODTW) modified based on natural attractions. The results showed that Mantowu waterfall is worth developing with a value of 67.72%. The greatest value is obtained from the attractiveness indicator owned by the waterfall but not supported by infrastructure and accommodation. In addition, the socio-economic condition of people with low welfare levels is a challenge for the development of Mantowu Waterfall as a natural tourist attraction. Involvement of society as a subject to creating an independent productive society.

Modeling Land Cover Change Using MOLUSCE in Kahayan Tengah Forest Management Unit, Kalimantan Tengah

A management unit-based land cover change analysis was examined in Kahayan Tengah Forest Management Unit (FMU) to understand past, present, and future land cover to assist forest management planning in Kahayan Tengah FMU. This study aims to model land cover change in 2011 and 2016, predict 2021, and simulate land cover in 2026 in Kahayan Tengah FMU. Modeling land cover prediction and simulation using MOLUSCE from the QGIS plugin. The results revealed that agricultural land experienced significant increase in total area during 2011–2016. Modeling potential land cover transitions in 2011 and 2016 with the Artificial Neural Network method showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.701 in the good category, and simulation of land cover in 2021 with the Cellular Automata method showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.672 in the good category. By 2026, the agricultural land will continue to increase while forest land tends to remain stable in its total area. This study managed to predict land cover in 2021 and simulated 2026 with good accuracy. Thus, this data and information can support forest management planning in Kahayan Tengah FMU. Keywords: forest management unit, Kahayan Tengah, land cover change, land cover prediction, MOLUSCE