Development Of Foreign Trade Research Articles

Does the service trade network impact on technological complexity of exports?——New perspective based on social network approach

ABSTRACT In the context of the digital economy, digital service trade has gradually become a new driving force for the high-quality development of foreign trade in various countries. Based on the bilateral data of digital service trade between 56 countries from 2005 to 2021, this paper constructs the global digital service trade network through social network analysis method. Also, this study examines the impact of the network characteristics on its export technology complexity. According to our research findings, first, in terms of the overall characteristics, the number of participating countries in digital service trade is increasing, and the density is overall low but showing an upward trend. Second, in terms of individual characteristics, the ranking is relatively stable, developed countries such as Europe and the United States with higher centrality, connectedness and heterogeneity are the dominant players in the digital service trade. But the indicators of each characteristic are decreasing over time, verifying the fact that the global digital service trade has become more open and inclusive. Third, we examined that centrality, connectedness, and heterogeneity all contribute significantly to export technological complexity. Technological innovation is the main path of action. The results still hold after performing a series of robustness tests.

Prospects for the economy and foreign trade of Ethiopia: fore cast estimates based on mathematical modeling

The article presents a forecast assessment of the development of the national economy and foreign trade of Ethiopia until 2030, calculated by the authors on the basis of a mathematical and systematic analysis of macroeconomic processes and methods of modeling these processes usingthe Box-Jenkins model (ARIMA). Estimation method: the exact maximum likelihood method. The topic seems relevant due to Ethiopia's accession to the BRICS alliance from 2024. Therefore, it is important to predict possible trends in Ethiopia's economic and foreign trade development, their significance for the country itself, as well as their impact on the economic dynamics of other BRICS countries and the association as a whole. The study is updated taking into account the continued increase in global volatility and the emergence of new threats, including in Africa. The subject is trends in the economic development of Ethiopia as a member of the BRICS. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientifically based forecast of the development of the economy and foreign trade of Ethiopia in the medium term. The article identifies potential threats to the development of the Ethiopian economy. The statistical basis of the study was mainly data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The results of the study can be used to understand the trends of socio-economic and foreign trade development of the country, adjust this development, as well as expand and enrich the theoretical concepts of the world economy. The research and author's calculations are based solely on the current circumstances and current realities, without taking into account any fundamental changes in the politics and economy of the country under study. The author's calculations and conclusions can be useful to economists, entrepreneurs, and researchers as a basis for their further practical and scientific activities.

Research on the Impact and Path of Digital Trade Driving the Enhancement of Export Competitiveness of Chinese Enterprises

With the rapid development of the global digital economy, digital trade, as a new trade model, has a profound impact on the export competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Starting from the connotation and characteristics of digital trade, this article analyzes the impact mechanism of digital trade on the export competitiveness of enterprises, explores the path of digital trade promoting the improvement of Chinese enterprises' export competitiveness, and provides theoretical basis for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese enterprises and the development of foreign trade.

UKRAINE AND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA IN COOPERATION WITH THE EU AFTER 2014 YEAR: MODELS AND IMPACTS

Abstract. The paper is devoted to solving the problem of co-integration between Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova in the context of foreign trade. The study of co-integration makes it possible to determine common trends in the development of foreign trade and, based on the analysis of the dynamics of the development of one country, to forecast the development of foreign trade in another country. The study of the main indicators of foreign trade was carried out: volumes of exports, imports, trade balance. The share of export-import operations with the EU in the total volume of foreign trade of Ukraine and Moldova was chosen as the studied indicator. The article proposes to consider cointegrations both between long-term trends, which characterize the trend of foreign trade development, and between short-term trends, which reflect the cyclical component. A co-integration research mechanism has been developed, which includes three blocks: a block of analysis of literary sources, a block of mathematical tools, and a block of applied use. The use of decomposition models, trend models, spectral analysis, orthogonality indicators and pairwise correlations is proposed as a mathematical toolkit. Using the Foster-Stewart method, an analysis of the presence of a trend in the variance and average was carried out. The above calculations showed the presence of a trend and cyclical component, which allowed the use of additive decomposition models. For the study of long-term trends, a linear trend model was chosen for both Moldova and Ukraine. A spectral analysis of the cyclic component was carried out, which made it possible to identify five main harmonics with a unique frequency and amplitude. The combination of these harmonics caused 95.8% and 90.4% of the cyclical component for Moldova and Ukraine, respectively. An analysis of cointegration between short-term and long-term trend functions was conducted, which revealed medium cointegration in the long-term trend and high cointegration in the short-term trend. The cointegration analysis of the indicator values proved a high degree of cointegration for both long-term and short-term trends.

Digital technology and domestic value-added ratio in export: Evidence from China's pilot zones for integrating informatization and industrialization

Accelerating the penetration of digital technology into industrial transformation is an important concern for developing economies that dedicate to achieve high-quality development of foreign trade. Regarding China's pilot zones for integrating informatization and industrialization (PZII) as an exogenous shock of digital technology application, this study sheds light on effects of digital technology on domestic value-added ratio in export (DVAR) based on fine-grained firm-level data covering 2002–2013. Our finding reveals that digital technology improves firms’ DVAR, and the results remain consistent after conducting a series of robustness checks and addressing potential endogeneity. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that digital technology exerts significantly positive effects on DVAR of processing trade rather than general trade firms, foreign rather than domestic firms, and eastern rather than middle and western firms. The mechanism test discloses that digital technology positively affects DVAR through cost reduction effects and technology progress effects. Further investigation shows that market competition plays a positive role in moderating effects of digital technology on firms’ DVAR. Lastly, this study puts forward corresponding policy implications based on the conclusions.

Impact and mechanism analysis of industrial robot imports on export performance of Chinese firms

Digital import trade is of great practical significance for enhancing the export performance of enterprises and preventing external shocks. This paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of industrial robot imports on Chinese firms’ export performance based on Chinese microenterprise data from 2004 to 2014. The study shows that the application of imported robots can significantly improve firms’ export performance, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that imported robots have a more significant role in boosting the export performance of state-owned enterprises and enterprises in capital- and technology-intensive industries; at the same time, they have a significant effect on the export performance of enterprises in different modes of trade; and they have a significant role in boosting the export performance of enterprises in eastern China compared with those in central and western regions. Mechanism analysis shows that the enhancement of export performance of enterprises by imported robots is mainly realized by promoting enterprise productivity and human capital efficiency. The policy implication of this paper is that in the era of digital trade, Chinese enterprises should fully utilize the import of digital products to enhance their productivity and promote the high-quality development of foreign trade.

Shanghai cooperation organization economic and transport cooperation at the present stage

The article analyzes the development of foreign trade in the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for the period 2000–2022 in the commodity segment. The predominant and dominant role of China both in the international market and in trade with the SCO states is shown. It is concluded that, along with the growth of mutual trade in the SCO space, the imbalance of trade flows in the future may contribute to the development of negative phenomena, especially in the case of a transition in this trade to settlements in national currencies. The article shows that the SCO countries, especially China and Russia, have intensified and strengthened their presence in the innovation sphere and the global digital segment. The interaction of the SCO countries in innovative and digital directions, according to the author, makes it possible in the future to increase the SCO’s digital leadership in the global economic space and implement digital solutions in other SCO countries, which are less actively developing and using digital tools today. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has been developing various areas of bilateral and multilateral cooperation between partners for more than 20 years. One of these areas is the transport sector. The importance of this area is growing both in national economies, for example, in China, and in cooperation. The article describes new modern directions of cooperation between the SCO countries in the transport sector. This strengthens the integration processes in the interstate association in the field of economics, transport and improvisation.

Diversification of the concept of foreign economic activity of russian banks in the new economic conditions Yulia S. Polozhentseva1

Relevance. Russian banks actively participate in international trade and economic relations. However, taking into account geopolitical and economic changes, such as sanctions and changes in trade blocs, banks need to develop strategies for effective expansion of their activities at the international level. Business planning for the geographical development of foreign trade will help banks to adapt to new market conditions, determine optimal strategies and resources for the development of export-import operations, as well as minimize risks and increase competitiveness on the world stage..The purpose is to conduct a comprehensive study of the possibilities of geographical development of the foreign economic activity of Russian banks..Objectives: analyze regional markets for their potential; to determine the main advantages and disadvantages of the activity of foreign trade of Russian banks; will identify the peculiarities of the bank's exit to the new dawn within the framework of foreign trade, draw up a business plan and determine the criteria for the success of the project.Methodology. In the process of research, general scientific methods of logical and statistical analysis, field research, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis were used.Results. 10 Russian banks, their foreign trade development strategy and future prospects were considered. The regions in which the opening of a bank branch will be the most successful for foreign trade have been identified: Tatarstan, Primorsky Krai, Kaliningrad Oblast, Yekaterinburg. A business plan for entering a new regional market for a bank with a focus on foreign trade has been drawn up, taking into account industry specifics.Conclusion. The foreign trade development strategy allows banks to expand their client base, increase their global presence and provide their clients with access to international financial services.

Low-carbon efficiency analysis of rail-water multimodal transport based on cross efficiency network DEA approach

Multimodal transport is an effective method to reduce the energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in transportation sector. Evaluating the low-carbon performance is a prerequisite for developing multimodal transport. This paper establishes the new cross-efficiency (CE) network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, and applies it to evaluate low-carbon efficiency of railway-waterway intermodal transportation (RIT) in China from 2017 to 2022. The proposed approach takes advantage of network DEA and considers the internal structure in the RIT system as well as the interconnections between various transportation modes. This article comprehensively analyzes the evaluation results in terms of the overall situation, geographic distribution characteristics, internal stages and links, external influencing factors, and efficiency prediction, and the results find that: (1) the low-carbon efficiency of China's overall RIT needs further improvement. (2) The geographical distribution shows a trend that the efficiency in the Northern Region is higher than that in the Southern Region. (3) The level of urban industry, external transportation conditions, and foreign trade development will all affect the performance of RIT. Finally, according to the empirical results, management strategies are proposed. The main contributions include: proposing a network-structured CE-DEA method focusing on internal states; The advantages of CE network DEA are utilized to study CO2 emissions of multimodal transport; The low-carbon efficiency of RIT in China is comprehensively analyzed. This study enriches the research on DEA methods, and the results can provide a basis for decision-making by the government and transport enterprises, help promote the development of low-carbon transport in China, and provide a reference for the optimization of multimodal transport in other countries.

Foreign trade and domestic networks — A few remarks on the organisation of tributary embassies to China in the Muromachi period

The aim of this article is to rethink the connection between foreign trade and domestic economy in late medieval Japan.The article takes a look at the financial side of the tributary missions to Ming China, investigating how commodities for tribute and for trade were organised. In the 1970s, Sasaki Gin’ya was the first to criticise that research on foreign trade and research on the domestic economy were being conducted separately. He emphasised the importance of complex interdisciplinary research in order to reveal the connection between foreign trade and the domestic economy. Even though this issue had been previously raised, no research had been conducted with the explicit purpose of connecting foreign trade and the domestic economy during the Muromachi period until the past two decades. Contributions that have been made in recent years have aimed at revealing the connections between domestic commercial or religious networks with foreign relations, mainly focusing on the role of Zen monks in diplomacy and trade and on the import and distribution of commodities from China. In Western scholarship, this topic is still under-researched and provides potential for further investigations. Thus, the paper tries to provide an inventory of case studies that help us imagine and understand what kinds of connections existed between domestic networks and foreign trade in medieval Japan that made the procuring of tribute items and commercial products for official trade in China possible. Being aware of networks in medieval society, such as the religious network—and also closely connected to that the commercial network—of Honganji or Tenryūji, can help us connect the scattered and loose information in the sources, in order to explain what contributed to the development of foreign trade. The paper argues that despite the weakening of shogunal power, tributary trade continued because the structure of ship management transformed. Tribute ships became part of commercial ventures backed by the flourishing late medieval Japanese economy, and the increase of capital led to an increase in investors who were ready to participate in trade with China. The way that products were procured shows different patterns that provide good examples to help us understand how local commercial, social, and religious networks were utilised for procuring Japanese commodities.

Analysis of Sunflower and Oilseed Rape Competitiveness in the Conditions of Slovakia and Czech Republic

Abstract The paper primarily deals with the development of agriculture in the Slovak Republic and Czech Republic, analyzes the agricultural sector in the period 2012–2022 and examines in more detail agriculture, its plant production, especially oilseeds. Attention is given to brief information on the development and situation of the sunflower and oilseed rape, where we focus on the analysis of the development of selected indicators during the observed period, such as production, area sown, yields. Within our research we deal with the concept of competitiveness, using the appropriate indicators. Based on the data, via analysis we quantified the value of Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) and Competitiveness Growth Index (RCA 1). The development of society and the opening of borders between individual states caused the development of foreign trade. Membership in the European Union meant for Slovak and Czech foreign trade the relinquishment of sovereignty in this areas and the adoption of a common trade policy that establishes rules for foreign trade within member countries, but also towards third countries. At the same time, however, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic gained access to the single internal market, which is of significant importance for foreign trade of countries.

Analysis of the Internationalization Strategy of Peanut Butter Export Industry

Qingdao Food is the mainstream enterprise for exporting peanut butter from China. By analyzing the export situation of peanut butter from Qingdao Food Co., Ltd., analyze the problems and countermeasures of peanut butter export.Founded in 1950, Qingdao Food Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in Qingdao's food industry. In the long run, Qingdao Food Co., Ltd. has developed a large foreign markets with its peanut butter and cookies, but compared with other enterprises of the same type,Qingdao Food Co., Ltd. still has great deficiencies in its foreign export. This paper carries out a series of researches on the international strategy of Qingdao Food Co., Ltd. to further analyze its existing problems, and puts forward solutions or improvement measures on the basis of the researches, in order to a better promote the international trade of Qingdao Foodstuffs and accelerate the development of China's foreign trade in food industry products.

Research on the Key Paths of Enterprise Integration of Domestic and Foreign Trade from the Perspective of Knowledge Transfer

The issue of inefficient industry innovation caused by the segmentation of domestic and foreign trade markets has been prominent, leading to a long-standing "productivity paradox" between domestic and foreign trade. "Constructing a new pattern of integration of domestic and foreign trade with the domestic cycle as the main body and the mutual promotion of domestic and international cycles" is a strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. This paper investigates the problems and intrinsic mechanisms faced in the process of enterprise integration of domestic and foreign trade from the perspective of knowledge transfer. It clarifies that the primary task of integrating domestic and foreign trade is to solve the problem of inefficient knowledge transfer between domestic and foreign trade. At the same time, the study shows that: On the one hand, by constructing a horizontal system of knowledge transfer between domestic and foreign trade, it is possible to effectively enable foreign trade enterprises to enjoy the dividends of unified large market reforms, better integrate resources and standards with the domestic trade market, and promote the transfer of knowledge achievements of foreign trade enterprises to the domestic market. On the other hand, through vertical industrial ecological knowledge embedding, it can promote domestic enterprises to leverage the advantages of domestic consumption scale, integrate technology, channels, and platform resources, achieve knowledge embedding of enterprises in the vertical ecological chain of industries, and ultimately achieve the goal of integrated development of domestic and foreign trade.

“ROLE OF FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIAN ECONOMY”

A perusal of the history of banking in India indicates that foreign banks had been operating in an organized form in our country since the beginning of 19th century. Majority of the foreign banks had been merely agencies of large banking companies having their registered offices in foreign countries. These banks were primarily called upon to contribute a lot to the development of foreign trade in India. In fact, these banks are still expected to play significant role in the country’s foreign trade. With normal ups and downs due to business vicissitudes, these banks have been varying in number over the period and at present, there are twenty-nine foreign scheduled banks operating in India.

The Impact of the Opening of China-Europe Railway Express On the Development of Foreign Trade in Anhui Province

Since the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, China-Europe freight trains, as an important international transport channel for the Eurasian continent connectivity, have enhanced the level of bilateral trade facilitation and economic and trade cooperation, and had a profound impact on the development of foreign trade. Central trains is China to Europe and the "Belt and Road" international transport trains, central trains opening is the "Belt and Road" initiative China strengthen and countries along the important measures of connectivity, is an important gripper to promote the "Belt and Road" initiative, is an important part of "unicom" facilities, the opening of changed the previous central trains rely solely on maritime transport of export, greatly improve the level of export facilitation and management efficiency, for the improvement of foreign trade development provides strong conditions. The performance of China-Europe freight trains is even more impressive under the epidemic. As a huge potential mode of transportation between Europe and Europe, its importance is gradually emerging.

Stone fruit crops market development in Ukraine and throughout the world

he current state of the stone fruit market in Ukraine, the price situation, and the development of foreign trade are analyzed. The issue of production and sale of fruits in the world is considered. It has been established that peaches and nectarines occupy the first place among stone fruits in terms of world production. China is the leader among world producers of stone fruits. It was determined that the needs of the population of Ukraine in stone fruits relative to the consumption rate, due to its low paying demand, are met by only 70%. Due to the concentration of the main production of these fruits in households, there is differentiation in the level of consumption. After all, the chaotic nature of their production and sale cannot ensure uniformity and sufficiency. In our opinion, Ukrainian stone fruits remain less competitive in terms of prices than imported ones due to undeveloped infrastructure and insufficient government support for the horticulture market. The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the formation of the conjuncture of the global and domestic stone fruit market and further development prospects. The variability of the market of stone fruits is manifested in the change of its conjuncture. The study of the latter was carried out based on a set of economic indicators divided into groups: production, internal turnover, foreign trade, price. In the process of research, the dialectical method of understanding market processes and the systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, abstract-logical method were used. It was established that the structure and saturation of the stone fruit market is insufficiently efficient and requires an additional expansion of the quality product offer to meet the needs of consumers. The basis for this should be an increase in production volumes by horticultural enterprises. This requires additional state support, in particular for solving pricing, investment, lending and insurance issues. The problem of selling stone fruits remains acute. This is due to the insufficient development of the processing industry and the lack of storage facilities for enterprises. This limits the formation of marketable batches of fruits for export. We believe that in the near future, in order to optimally meet the needs of consumers with fruits, it is necessary to develop a long-term program for the development of the internal market of stone fruits. It is necessary to take into account the possibilities of financial state support of the horticulture industry and forecast indicators of demand provision. Key words: market, stone fruits, consumption, supply, demand, export, import, price.

The Effects of the Development Zone Upgrading on the Diversification of Firm’s Product Exports: Evidence from Chinese Exporters

Against the backdrop of frequent international trade frictions, reducing external risks in export trade through industrial policies has become crucial for China’s high-quality and steady foreign trade development. This paper examines the impact of development zone upgrading policies on the diversification of firm product exports by using a time-varying difference-in-differences model. We find that after the upgrading of development zones, the diversification of firm product exports increases by 2.13%, and concentration decreases by 1.33%. Moreover, this policy has a stronger impact on the diversification level of product exports for firms upgraded to customs special supervision areas, located inland, and engaged in general trade. These conclusions remain robust even after conducting additional robustness tests using alternative measures of the dependent variable, different identification methods for development zone upgrading, and controlling for other industrial policy effects. Furthermore, the upgrading of development zones improves export diversification through three main channels: enhancing firm innovation capabilities, optimizing management efficiency, and providing financial support to firms.

Research on Innovative Strategies and Practices for Optimizing Guangzhou's Foreign Trade Dependence

The article explores the optimization strategies for Guangzhou's foreign trade dependence, focusing on three major strategies: diversified market layout, innovation-driven development strategy, and coordinated development of service trade and goods trade. It is pointed out that Guangzhou needs to reduce its dependence on a single market by diversifying its market layout, enhance its core competitiveness in foreign trade through implementing an innovation-driven development strategy, and promote the coordinated development of service trade and goods trade to optimize its foreign trade structure and achieve high-quality foreign trade development. The implementation of these strategies will help Guangzhou reduce its foreign trade risks, enhance its international competitiveness, and provide strong support for the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society.

Analysis of Import and Export Trade Status in Guangdong Province

In 2023, the total volume of foreign trade in Guangdong Province is outstanding, and ranks first in the country for many consecutive years. As the largest province of foreign trade in the country, Guangdong should continue to play a good role in the ballast of foreign trade in the country. Based on the analysis of the current situation of foreign trade in Guangdong Province, this paper finds that the overall development of foreign trade is good, but there are factors such as weak growth, lack of independent innovation ability and external environment in the development process. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions from the aspects of market development, industrial upgrading and trade facilitation reform, in order to provide reference for the development of foreign trade in Guangdong Province.

A group decision framework for core competitiveness evaluation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises under probabilistic linguistic term sets

Since the reform and opening up, China’s foreign trade has developed rapidly. The import and export trade volume has doubled, and the team of foreign trade enterprises is constantly expanding. After China’s accession to the WTO and the liberalization of foreign trade management rights, a group of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises have grown up in recent years and are becoming a new force in the development of China’s foreign trade industry. So, how to make these enterprises grow and grow in the international market competition, and focus on cultivating the core competitiveness of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, has become a strategic issue related to the overall development of foreign trade. Recently, COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment (CODAS) method computes the Euclidean distances as the primary measure and Hamming distances as the secondary measure to assess alternatives based on predetermined attribute. Moreover, the probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are effective tool for depicting uncertainty of the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. The core competitiveness evaluation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises is a classical MAGDM. In this paper, the CODAS method is extended to the MAGDM with PLTSs. Firstly, the definition of PLSs is introduced. Then, on the basis of the classical CODAS method, the PL-CODAS method is proposed to cope with MAGDM under PLTSs and its significant characteristic is that it can fully consider PLED and PLHD. Finally, a practical example for core competitiveness evaluation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises is given to verify the developed approach and some comparative analysis was also given to verify the PL-CODAS approach.