Foreign Trade Companies Research Articles

Personnel Selection Based on the LBWA, TOPSIS and GRA Methods: A Case Study on Foreign Trade Company

Recruitment and personnel selection are affected by significant factors. Thus, personnel selection is one of the main decision-making problems for a company’s long-term survival. The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable candidate for the export department of a company operating in Mersin, using the Level Based Weight Assessment (LBWA)-based Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods. The criteria were determined based on the literature review and experts’ opinions. The weight of criteria was calculated by the LBWA method, and the alternatives (candidates) were ranked using the TOPSIS and GRA methods. The LBWA results showed that fluency in a foreign language and team player were the most and least important criteria, respectively. The results from both methods (TOPSIS and GRA) suggested different candidates for the relevant positions. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the validity and robustness of the results. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide valuable insights to decision-makers involved in the personnel selection process.

Blockchain technology in foreign trade management: which blockchain alternative is more suitable?

PurposeThis study aims to determine the order of importance of blockchain technology gains for foreign trade management. The second aim of the research is to select the most suitable blockchain type for the foreign trade process.Design/methodology/approachThe data required for the research analysis were collected through comparison matrices scored by foreign trade experts. The data were analyzed with the analytical hierarchy process method, and the gains of blockchain technology for the foreign trade process were prioritized. Finally, the most suitable type of blockchain technology was selected with the PROMETHEE method.FindingsAs a result of the study, subject matter experts perceived that the most critical blockchain gain for the foreign trade process would be cost savings. In addition, it has been observed that the general trade process differs compared to the logistics and payment processes. Finally, open blockchain was the most suitable blockchain type for foreign trade processes.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the positive gains of blockchain technology are considered. In future studies, it is recommended to consider the existing negative factors to be able to use blockchain technology in foreign trade processes. In addition, it is suggested to conduct a study by dividing foreign trade into two, import and export.Practical implicationsAll stakeholders who want to integrate blockchain technology into their foreign trade processes, including foreign trade companies, software developers, policymakers and international institutions, can benefit from the results of this study. A blockchain technology software created for foreign trade management can be shaped according to the results of this study.Originality/valueAlthough the gains that blockchain technology provides to foreign trade processes are frequently emphasized in the literature, which gain would be greater has not been examined. The lack of an answer to the issue of how blockchain technology should be designed for foreign trade processes has been the missing part of the relevant literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first experimental study in the literature that prioritizes blockchain gains and selects the appropriate blockchain type for foreign trade processes.

Organize Sanayi Bölgelerindeki Dış Ticaret Sorunlarının Tespiti ve Çözüm Önerileri: Şanlıurfa (OSB) Örneği

Recently, the importance of international trade activities is at a considerable level. Especially the economic competition between the countries brought by globalization has made this even more important. Organized Industrial Zones established by countries to accelerate commercial activities are also an important part of this process. Moreover, most of the companies located in Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ) are engaged in international trade activities intensively. In particular, states have begun to understand much better that they need to develop their foreign trade potential in order to achieve their growth targets in the current global century. For this reason, both companies and governments attach importance to the spread of international trade transactions of all companies, especially throughout the country. They sometimes use local government resources to support international trade companies by supporting them with incentives. However, knowing all this importance, it is inevitable for companies to encounter some problems due to the nature of trade while doing foreign trade. In this study, in order to determine the problems faced by the companies in the field of foreign trade, a questionnaire consisting of questions was applied to 44 companies among the foreign trade companies located in the Şanlıurfa organized industrial zone. By analyzing the data obtained as a result of the survey, the problems experienced by the companies in Şanlıurfa OIZ in foreign trade were tried to be determined. In addition, it was tried to learn what the biggest problem might be with the only question asked to the companies verbally. In this question, the answers given to the other questions were analyzed together and the identified problems were included in the study. According to the data obtained as a result of the analysis, the most important problems faced by the relevant companies are; It is expressed as the inability to find qualified personnel, instability in the economy, high exchange rates, and the constant increase in costs. At least, the importance of market research and the problems related to fairs were expressed.

FOREIGN TRADE COMPANIES' CURRENCY MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE OF THE TRC3 REGION'S

The purpose of this research is to examine how foreign trade companies in the provinces of Mardin, Sirnak, Siirt, and Batman (TRC3 region) are protecting themselves from foreign exchange risk.A survey of 275 foreign trade companies operating in the TRC3 area was carried out in order to analyze the strategies employed by businesses to protect themselves against exchange rate risk. Multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation analyses were performed on the survey items.The findings lead to the conclusion that 14.1% of the companies operating in the TRC3 region are unable to take any action to protect themselves against exchange rate risk, while 39% can be protected by internal business measures, 33.9% receive assistance from banks or other financial institutions, and 5.7% gain from consulting firms.According to the findings of the study, enterprises do not take adequate measures to hedge against exchange rate risk. Additionally, it is discovered that companies employ derivatives less to protect themselves against currency rate risk. In addition to that enterprises should be more cautious about future currency rate shocks and engage in more derivative trades.

Leveraging Overseas Crowd-sourcing Resources in the Foreign Trade Industry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Supply Chain Management Considerations

This study examines the use of overseas crowdsourcing resources in the foreign trade sector to boost efficiency and reduce costs in the post-pandemic era. We evaluate potential opportunities and challenges in sales order management, logistics, and online dispute settlement, all while considering the effects of crowdsourcing partnerships on the management of the supply chain. Foreign trade companies can improve their operations and utilize the potential of a globally applicable crowdsourcing resource application system to meet the needs of the post-epidemic period.

EXAMINATION THE EFFECTS OF LOGISTICS CAPABILITIES AND LEARNING ORIENTATION ON FINANCIAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN EXPORT-ORIENTED COMPANIES

The research was conducted to examine the effect of logistics skills and learning orientation on performance outcomes in exporting foreign trade companies operating in Istanbul. The reason for choosing these companies is that logistics capabilities become more important in exporting companies in terms of logistics performance and financial and growth performance. A sample of 983 participants was taken to establish and test the model, and a scale consisting of a total of 43 statements was presented to them. Analyzes were performed using SmartPLS 3.3.5. For a good organizational performance, export-oriented companies should attach importance to learning orientation and have logistics capabilities in order to constantly improve themselves. In the research, it is supported by hypotheses that the logistics capabilities and learning orientation of export-oriented companies positively affect both their logistics performance and their financial and growth performances. The research is innovative in that it collects data from export-oriented companies and examines both their logistics capabilities and learning orientations. The sample group consists of export-oriented companies operating in Istanbul. For this reason, it would be correct to evaluate the results obtained in the research only in terms of export-oriented companies and not to generalize.

Organizational innovations in the management of foreign trade companies in the context of sales markets transformation

The article reveals the problems of implementing organizational changes in the management of foreign trade companies in the context of changing sales markets. The article focuses on the fact that today’s realities orient foreign trade companies to implement new methods of distributing responsibility and authority among employees within the framework of certain activities that have undergone changes. The authors of the study propose a comprehensive approach to the introduction of innovations in business processes through an assessment of all levels of organization management. The article presents organizational pathologies that can occur at different levels of implementation of changes in companies engaged in foreign trade activities, and also suggests an algorithm for working with them when the sales market changes. The authors note that Russian companies will have the highest level of adaptation to non-standard environmental conditions, only with careful study of all levels of change management through certain criteria and setting management tasks when adjusting to the selected sales market. It is determined that when transforming business processes in modern conditions, the company must have a certain strategic maturity to enter a new market on the basis of the presented management principles of the company’s activities.

Основные направления и принципы применения технологий 4.0 внешнеторговыми компаниями юрисдикций ЕАЭС и БРИКС

Introduction: the paper reveals a scientific and methodological approach to determining the main (priority) directions of development and the principles of application of digital technologies of Industry 4.0, which increase efficiency and should be applied by economic entities of the EAEU and BRICS jurisdictions in the implementation of foreign trade activities. The purpose of the study is to reveal the main directions and principles of the application of 4.0 technologies by foreign trade companies of the EAEU and BRICS jurisdictions. Methods: the research is carried out based on the materialistic worldview of the authors and the universal scientific method of historical materialism. The general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition are applied. Results: two priority main directions of development are substantiated; five fundamental principles of the application of the digital technologies of Industry 4.0 are identified, contributing to the proper implementation of cross-border export-import transactions between residents of the member states of integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation, as well as the prevention of potential conflicts and economic disputes. Conclusions: the authors substantiate the proposal to digitize the space-application of neo-industrial digital technologies 4.0 by foreign trade companies of the EAEU and BRICS member states in the form of an online portal “Foreign Economic Activity of the Greater Eurasian Partnership online”, on which each participant in foreign economic activity will be able to open and operate his own legally significant personal account. At the same time, it is proposed to fix the priorities and principles of the development of the space for the use of neo-industrial digital technologies 4.0 by foreign trade companies of the member countries of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (EAEU + BRICS) in an interstate conventional agreement.

The impact of COVID-19 on China’s foreign trade in 2020-2021

The article provides an overview of the key trends and dynamics of the development of China's foreign trade in 2020-2021. The PRC is one of the largest manufacturers, exporters, investors and consumer markets in the world, but in recent years, under the influence of various internal and external factors, trade wars with the United States, there has been a slowdown in its economic growth. At the end of 2019, China faced the spread of the COVID-19. China was the first to begin to fight an unknown disease and, in the context of the introduction of strict quarantine measures, experienced a double-digit drop in production, retail sales, and foreign trade. All this happened against the backdrop of the spread of the pandemic and the deterioration of the situation around the world. In 2020-2021 China has managed to overcome the economic downturn, exceed the dock-like indicators of socio-economic development, and strengthen its position as the largest participant in the world economic complex. The quantitative growth of exports and imports was accompanied by an improvement in the commodity structure, an increase in the number of foreign trade companies, the active inclusion of China's internal regions in the world economy, and a change in the vector of expanding cooperation with Asian neighbors. In the article, the author mentions the existing problems and restrictions that have a significant impact on the development of the country's foreign trade and the competitiveness of Chinese products. But even in the face of a global lockdown and recession, China has managed to set new economic records.

Common Problems and Analysis of Export Tax Rebate of Foreign Trade Enterprises

After the financial crisis in 2008, China's foreign trade continued to develop and gradually matured in a complicated international situation. In 2020, China's foreign trade was severely impacted by the uncontrollable factor of the Covid-19 epidemic, thus presenting a "different" picture. The export situation of many foreign trade enterprises is not optimistic. China attaches great importance to the export tax rebate demands of foreign trade enterprises, and has issued many targeted measures to ease the pressure on enterprises to a certain extent. However, there are still some problems which affect the economic development of foreign trade companies and the tax burden.

The Moderating Effect of Core Self-Evaluation on The Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership and Psychological Empowerment: A Research in Foreign Trade Companies

Uluslararası iş çevresinde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin değişimlere hızlı tepki vermesi ve rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamasında personel güçlendirme önemli bir değişkendir. Çalışanların kendilerini güçlendirilmiş hissetmesinde etkili olan öncül değişkenleri ortaya koymak işletmelerin uygulamalarını yönlendirecektir. Bu çalışmada, paternalist liderlik ile psikolojik güçlendirme arasındaki ilişki ve bu ilişkide temel benlik değerlendirmesinin düzenleyici etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Kayseri’ de üç farklı sanayi bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren dış ticaret firmalarından tabakalı örneklemle seçilen 274 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, korelasyon, doğrusal ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda paternalist liderlik ile psikolojik güçlendirme arasında anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki bulunmuş, bu ilişkide temel benlik değerlendirmesinin düzenleyici rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Research on Reducing Foreign Exchange Risks by Foreign Exchange Derivatives -- Taking China Foreign Trade Companies as an Example

<p>With the deepening of international trade, the foreign exchange risk exposure of foreign trade companies is gradually being valued in the international market, and foreign exchange risks are also the main risks that Chinese foreign trade companies need to avoid. This article analyzes the reduction of foreign exchange risks from both the internal and external aspects of the company, focusing on the value-preserving role of foreign exchange derivatives in transactions, and making suggestions for the steady operation of foreign trade companies.</p><p> </p>

A Needs-Analysis-Based Survey of the Curriculum Design for Undergraduate Translation Majors: Exemplified by Qinghai Normal University

In recent years, the bachelor of Translation and Interpreting (BTI) programs are flourishing in China. Needs Analysis has emerged as a powerful tool in studying the curriculum design. As the first university in Qinghai province that started BTI program, Qinghai Normal University undertakes the important task of cultivating local translators and a scientific curriculum design has a pivotal role in the process. This study sets out to determine whether the current curriculum can effectively meet the students’ needs and the social needs and provide suggestions on curriculum design. An online survey provided quantitative data from 102 participants, involving students, translators and administrators from government sectors, foreign trade companies and translation companies. Evidence is presented which shows that students’ learning needs are satisfied to a large extent but there is still potential for improvement of the current curriculum.

Semantic Matching Efficiency of Supply and Demand Text on Cross‐Border E‐Commerce Online Technology Trading Platforms

With the innovation of global trade business models, more and more foreign trade companies are transforming and developing in the direction of cross‐border e‐commerce. However, due to the limitation of platform language processing and analysis technology, foreign trade companies encounter many bottlenecks in the process of transformation and upgrading. From the perspective of the semantic matching efficiency of e‐commerce platforms, this paper improves the logical and technical problems of cross‐border e‐commerce in the operation process and uses semantic matching efficiency as the research object to conduct experiments on the QQP dataset. We propose a graph network text semantic analysis model TextSGN based on semantic dependency analysis for the problem that the existing text semantic matching method does not consider the semantic dependency information between words in the text and requires a large amount of training data. The model first analyzes the semantic dependence of the text and performs word embedding and one‐hot encoding on the nodes (single words) and edges (dependencies) in the semantic dependence graph. On this basis, in order to quickly mine semantic dependencies, an SGN network block is proposed. The network block defines the way of information transmission from the structural level to update the nodes and edges in the graph, thereby quickly mining semantics dependent information allows the network to converge faster, train classification models on multiple public datasets, and perform classification tests. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of TextSGN model in short text classification reaches 95.2%, which is 3.6% higher than the suboptimal classification method; the accuracy rate is 86.16%, the F1 value is 88.77%, and the result is better than other methods.

Торговая деятельность Н. Н. Коншина в Персии во второй половине 1880-х гг.

The article assesses trading activities of the Russian entrepreneur Nikolay Konshin in the late 19th century Persia, which was an important economic partner of the Russian Empire, as the contemporary Islamic Republic of Iran remains for the Russian Federation. Geopolitical turn of Russia from the West to the East makes studying Russia’s trading relations with Eastern states, and Iran in particular, more significant. The novelty of this work is in its addressing not a story of success, but the negative experience of Nikolay Konshin’s foreign trade company founded in 1884 in the capital of Persia, Tehran. The author identifies reasons that led to company’s closure in 1890 and forced Nikolay Konshin to ultimately quit the Persian market. In 1889 he organized an exhibition of Russian industrial products as a measure designed to support the company's trading activities. It was supposed to familiarize the Persian population with the range of Russian light industry products, previously unknown at the Persian market, and to secure orders from local merchants for Nikolay Konshin's firm. However, the expectations failed to materialize and the company did not receive the necessary impetus for its development. The author identifies causes of the exhibition’s failure, assesses Nikolay Konshin’s efforts in exploring opportunities of the Tehran market development, and clarifies their significance for the development of the Russian trade in Persia. The study is based on the documents stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire; namely, Nikolay Konshin’s petition to the Minister of Finance Ivan Vyshnegradsky and a number of consular reports addressed to the head of the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ivan Zinoviev. They offer explanations for failure of both Nikolay Konshin’s company and his exhibition. The analysis of entrepreneurial activities of a particular Russian company has made it possible to identify general features and characteristic peculiarities of the Persian market. The factors that hindered the advance of Russian trade in Tehran under tough European competition are also identified. Despite the failure of Nikolay Konshin's trade business, Russian entrepreneurs highly appreciated his activities in establishment of the Russian economic presence in Persia. The author concurs with such appraisal; Nikolay Konshin was instrumental in laying the groundwork for future penetration of the Russian trade capital onto the Tehran market, which had hitherto remained terra incognita for the Russian business community.

The Dilemma Faced by Dongguan Foreign Trade Companies in the Post-epidemic Era and Transformation Development Research

The gradual increase in China’s economic strength has driven the economic development of the foreign trade industry. However, due to the impact of the new coronavirus in 2020, many countries and cities have suffered economic recession, companies have closed down, and flights have been suspended. Therefore, the development of Dongguan’s foreign trade enterprises has also been hit to a certain extent, and many problems have appeared. During the post-epidemic period, Dongguan foreign trade companies faced problems such as lack of human resources, difficulties in resuming work and production, obstacles in logistics and transportation, and substantial increase in costs. This article analyzes the difficulties faced by Dongguan’s foreign trade enterprises, and puts forward countermeasures to seek the transformation and development of foreign trade enterprises.

Research on Supply Chain Management Information System of Foreign Trade Enterprises Based on Artificial Intelligence

Supply chain management plays an important role in the economic benefit growth and market competitiveness of foreign trade enterprises. At present, it is found from various information statistics that most foreign trade companies are still in exploratory for their understanding of supply chain management without establishing a complete system. Under the background of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, enterprises should actively introduce various high-end technical means, build scientific and technological systems and then enhance their core competitiveness. Companies can independently research and develop expert systems to collect various information and data, perform scientific reasoning, solve some economic problems, and expand the scope of trade.

Development of the regulatory function of VAT in Russia: prospects for borrowing the Chinese tax refund practices

This article discusses the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of the value-added tax (VAT) in Russia. The relevance of the study lies in the need to expand the set of tools to support the Russian exports. The aim of this work is to identify the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of VAT. The authors consider the functions of taxes and prove their thesis about the multifunctionality of VAT. They have distinguished four tax functions: fiscal, regulatory, control, and distribution — and provided the characteristics of each of them. The features of the implementation of the regulatory function of VAT in China are considered. A key feature of the Chinese model is the application of differentiated rates to VAT refund amounts for exporting companies. This practice was introduced a year after the introduction of VAT and today is used as a tool to stimulate (or discourage) foreign trade companies. In addition, the authors have identified three possible ways to use the Chinese experience in Russian conditions. The first direction involves differentiating the amounts of VAT deductions within the framework of the operation of the automated VAT control system (version 2): the most reliable companies receive the most deductions and vice versa. The second area involves the differentiation of VAT deduction amounts within the framework of industry charters: the most trustworthy organizations in the industry receive the largest deductions and vice versa. The third area involves the differentiation of VAT deductions in the framework of national projects: the largest deductions are provided for priority categories of goods. To work in each of these directions, the authors propose a system of export coefficients. An assessment is given of possible distortion of the principle of VAT neutrality, which will inevitably occur when the role of the regulatory function is enhanced.

Research on English Talents Education in Local Universities Based on Practical Application Needs

With the development of global economic integration, international activities became more and more mature, foreign trade enterprises and companies constantly arise, so that the demand for English talents greatly increased. However, many traditional English talents are unable to adapt to the trend of the rapid development of business, so how to cultivate the English talents has become a topic worthy of discussion. Through analyzing the current situation of English teaching this paper puts forward some strategies and suggestions to improve the training mode of English talents. In order to improve the employment rate of English talents and meet the needs of enterprises, the school should construct the teaching mode of CBE (Competency Based Education) and explore the business driven by the project, college-enterprise cooperation and improve professionalism of English teacher. The findings and suggestions make by this paper will contribute to cultivating English talents with applied abilities and the improvement of English teaching method. It also provides reference for other field talents training.

DEVELOPMENT OF PAPERLESS FOREIGN TRADE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SCALE: THE MULTITRAIT-MULTIMETHOD MODEL PROPOSAL

The purpose of this paper is to propose a scale development method to measure the performance of foreign trade companies in paperless trade operations. First, a qualitative interview method was used to determine the dimensions of the scale. As a result of this study, it was found that paperless trade performance has primary and secondary dimensions. This two level dimensionality lead to multitrait multimethod model (MTMM) in order to determine the construct validity. This paper consists of scale proposal to measure paperless trade performance under the primary dimension (payment, customs, insurance, transport, archiving) from the secondary dimensions perspective (speed, errors, costs, security, predictability, tracking & tracing, reporting). Findings show that a complex nested model is needed to verify the validity of the scale. The theoretical contribution of this research is the development of a method for a scale in paperless trade. The managerial contribution of this research is to provide an instrument for assessing the paperless trade performance of foreign trade companies.