Foreign Tourist Arrivals Research Articles

HALAL TOURISM PROMOTION USING E-COMMERCE SOCIAL MEDIA ON TOURIST VISIT: “STUDY IN BENGKULU PROVINCE”

The concept of tourism today is divided into two, namely conventional tourism and halal tourism. Halal Tourism is a form of cultural-based tourism that promotes the values ​​and norms of Islamic Sharia as its basic foundation. In this digital age millennials access all information through cyberspace. So as to be able to spread information and capture market share in tourism we can utilize electronic marketing or e-marketing. E-marketing or electronic marketing refers to the application of marketing principles and techniques through electronic media and more specifically the internet. E-commerce is a sales system that developed after the discovery of the Internet. This marketing system can be felt to reach the entire world simultaneously without the need for representative branches in all countries. Besides marketing like this can be done 24 hours without stopping in marketing the products. Bengkulu Province Tourism Office data recorded the number of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in 2018 of 662,766 visits, 798 visits came from foreign tourists (tourists). In 2019, it is targeted to increase the number of domestic tourist visits to reach 394,265–420,025 and tourists to reach 3,972–4,995 visits. With the target of increasing tourist arrivals in Bengkulu, the local government must be more vigorous in terms of tourism promotion in Bengkulu Province. Bengkulu Province which began to face the challenges of tourism was felt to be able to start introducing Halal Tourism as a new Brand in its tourism activities. The difference of this research with the previous one is the independent variable Halal Tourism (X1) by using dimensions: Halal Destination, Halal Public Facilities, Halal Lifestyle, Halal Food in Bengkulu Province. This study uses intervening variables E-Commerce Social Media (Y) which uses dimensions: Context, Communications, Collaboration, Connection to determine the effect on the dependent variable of tourist visits (Z) in Bengkulu Province. This research uses qualitative analysis.The type of data collected in this paper is primary data carried out by distributing questionnaires in the field to get a clear picture of the potential of Halal Tourism using E-Commerce Social Media to increase tourism visits in Bengkulu Province. . The number of samples taken was 150 respondents who met the criteria set by the researcher. The results of the study stated that Halal Tourism (X1) has a significant influence on the variable E-Commerce Social Media (Y). independent variable Halal Tourism (X1) and intervening E-Commerce Social Media (Y) have a significant and partial significant effect on the tourist visit variable (Z). By using the sobel test, the results are obtained that the intervening coefficient has a significant influence on the variable Halal Tourism (X1) on the variable Tourist Visits. Conclusions obtained by researchers that the Government of Bengkulu Province began to be able to introduce halal products in Bengkulu Province, improve existing facilities to make it more Islamic, introduce the Tabot festival which is a traditional warning greeting containing Islamic elements, build sharia hospitality , multiply information about halal food in Bengkulu Province. Such information can be disseminated on the Bengkulu government's tourism website, tourism agency social media accounts, travel agents in Bengkulu Province and outside Bengkulu Province in order to attract local and foreign tourists.

ENTITAS WISATAWAN ASING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL BANJAR TEGAL GUNDUL, DESA TIBUBENENG, KUTA UTARA, BADUNG, BALI

Abstract Banjar Tegal Gundul as tourist villages in the province of Bali, which visits by foreign and domestic tourists. Every years the number of foreign and domestic tourists to the Banjar Tegal Bald is increases. This situation makes the tourism sector as the main livelihood of local people. That's condition become the background of this research, they are: 1) to understand how to influence tourist entities to the English language skills of local people in Banjal Tegal Gundul and 2) how language attitude of local society towards English. The research uses the method of observation and questionnaire submitted to 24 respondents, who are local people as workers and business owners in the area. This study is found that the language functions used by local people to communicate with foreign tourists is: Greetings, Offering, asking for information, giving information, Saying Like, Giving an opinion, persuading, asking someone to do something, Accepting invitations, apologizing, persuading, and saying / returning thanks. The sentences are used in grammatical rules in English. The language attitudes towards English seen from the cogBanjar Tegal Gundul is one of the tourist villages in the village area of ​​Tibubeneng, North Kuta, Badung, Bali, which receives visits by foreign and domestic tourists. Every year the number of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals to the Banjar Tegal Gundul region has increased. The situation makes the tourism sector as the main livelihood of the local community Banjar Tegal Gundul. The situation is the background of this research, namely: 1) to find out how the influence of foreign tourist entities on the English language ability of local people in Banjar Tegal Gundul and 2) how the attitude of the local people's language towards English. The research uses the method of observation and distributes questionnaires to 24 respondents, who are local people as workers and business owners who are in the area of ​​the area. The step taken in this study is to analyze the language functions used by local people when communicating with foreign tourists. The results obtained in this study indicate that local people are able to communicate with foreign tourists, by using language functions such as: Greeting, Offering, asking for information, giving information, Saying Like, Giving opinion, persuading, asking someone to do something, Accepting invitation, apologizing, persuading, and saying / reply to thank. The sentences are used in accordance with grammatical rules in English. For language attitudes towards English seen from the cognitive, affective and conative components, showing positive language attitudes by local people towards English. That is because the equality of local people's thought orientation will benefit from English, for the livelihoods of local people, both in terms of workers or business owners in the Banjar Tegal Gundul region.

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BUYING INTERESTS OF FOREIGN TOURISTS IN CHOOSING ACCOMMODATIONS IN TEGALLALANG VILLAGE, GIANYAR , BALI

A number of accommodations are available in Tegallalang Village, because of its location that is close to central Ubud. Along with the increase in foreign tourist arrivals, then this study aims to analyze the factors that determine the interest of foreign tourists in the selection of accommodation in the village of Tegallalang, Gianyar Bali. This study used 50 respondents with accidental sampling technique. Data will be analyzed by factor analysis. The results showed characteristics of tourists who stay at accommodation in Tegallalang Village were dominant Australian citizenship 18%, Length of their stay is 3-7 days (72%), based on age in 26-30 years old (36%). Characteristics based on occupation dominant as employed (48%) and purpose of visit for leisure (58%). Tourists choose villa for 68% as a place to stay, this is because the villa is more privacy than others. The factors that influence the buying interest of foreign tourists in choosing accommodation are the first is the factor of room quality, the second is the location factor, the third is the price factor and the fourth is accommodation security factor. The dominant factor that determines it is the room quality factorThe next research that will be conducted in the future is guest satisfaction toward accommodation in Tegallalang Village is highly expected.

UPAYA DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH INDONESIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA PASCA BOM BALI TAHUN 2002

ABSTRACT The tourism sector still remains one of the major mainstay in the country earn foreign countries. Indonesia is an archipelagic country has its own charm to compete in international tourism. The arrival of foreign tourists to Indonesia, can not be separated because of the charm of Bali which has many wonderful panorama. The development of tourist arrivals to Bali to experience fluctuations due by the bombing in 2002 and 2005. From the Bali bombings in 2002 and 2005, the Indonesian government made diplomatic efforts to increase the number of tourists mancaegara in Bali. The government made a series of diplomatic efforts in the form of international communication using diplomatic measures that track diplomacy first and second track diplomacy. Further efforts Indonesian tourism promotion strategies abroad that use inbound and outbound campaign. Imaging effort after the Bali bombings using positive image that includes socialization activities and role of the media. With all three of these efforts, the image of Bali tourism can be recovered and the number of foreign tourists could increase. Keywords : Indonesian Government Diplomacy Efforts, Tourism, Increased Number of Foreign Tourists, Bali

An Analysis of Percentage Share of Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism in Balance of Payments of India

Tourism is a rapidly growing industry of the world and it is gaining universal acceptance as an engine because of its forward and backward linkages which helps in overall development of a country. Like any other countries, India is also recognizing the tourism sector’s ability to push the economy upward. India is now able to attract a huge amount of foreign tourists, which is giving rise to the number of foreign tourist arrivals (FTAS) in India, which in turn giving rise to the foreign exchange earnings. According to Ministry of Tourism (Government of India), during 2018, foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) in India stood at 10.56 million and it is contributing US $ 28585 million as a Foreign Exchange to the economy. This is also providing helping hand to stabilize the Balance of Payments (BoP) of the country. The tourism sector of India is the second largest contributor among the services to the current account balance of the country. India is a net exporter of travel as foreigners visiting India spend more money than Indians visiting foreign countries. As International tourism usually does not require high value imports for every single unit of foreign currency coming into the economies of developing countries, it can be used for the development of the economy of the country. However, this paper is trying to analyze the growth of the tourism sector as well as its percentage share as Foreign Exchange Receipts to the Balance of Payments (BoP) of the country India.

SSA and ARIMA for Forecasting Number of Foreign Visitor Arrivals to Indonesia

Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is the technique of non-parametric analysis of time series used for forecasting. SSA aims to decompose the original time series into a summation of a small number of components that can be interpreted as the trend, oscillatory components, and noise. The purpose of this research is to understand how the SSA model in forecasting the number of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia through four entrances. The result of forecasting obtained by using SSA will be compared with ARIMA method to assess its superiority. The data used in this study are the data of the number of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia through four entrances in the period January 1996 to August 2016. Four entrances used in this study are Ngurah Rai Airport, Kualanamu Airport, Soekarno-Hatta Airport, and Juanda Airport. The level of forecasting accuracy generated by each forecasting method is measured using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) criterion. The results showed that SSA method is the best forecasting method for forecasting the number of foreign tourist arrivals through Ngurah Rai Airport with an average MAPE value of 9.6%. Forecasting the number of foreign tourist arrivals through Kualanamu Airport, ARIMA method is the best forecasting method with an average MAPE value of 22.4%. In forecasting the number of foreign tourist arrivals through Soekarno-Hatta Airport, ARIMA method is the best forecasting method with an average MAPE value of 10.5%. In forecasting the number of foreign tourist arrivals through Juanda Airport, ARIMA method is the best forecasting method with an average MAPE value of 9.9%.

A Regression Approach to Distribution and Trend Analysis of Quarterly Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India

International Tourism has been a very important contributor to a country's economic development. In developing countries like Argentina, Brazil, India etc., the tourism industry plays an important role in the Gross Domestic Product and Foreign Exchange Earnings. Now a days, India has been welcoming a highly impressive number of foreign tourists from all round the globe annually. This study aims at analysing the distribution and trend of foreign tourists visiting India, among the four quarters of a year, given different configurations of Gross Domestic Product and Foreign Exchange Earnings using Machine Learning and Regression Analysis. A 4 headed Machine Learning Model has been constructed and trained independently for the purpose. Finally, the results of the four individually trained sub models are collected together for Trend Anal ysis and Distribution Analysis. This final evaluation is done for the year 2012 post to Model Construction, Training, Tuning and Individual Validations of the 4 sub models. It has been found that the Distribution and Trend Analysis have been almost similar to the Original Distribution and Trends of Foreign Tourists among the four quarters of 2012. This similarity in Distribution Analysis has been shown using visualizations like Pie Chart and that in Trend Analysis has been shown using Line Plots.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN MANCA NEGARA KE INDONESIA

The tourism sector is a sector that can be relied on to earn foreign exchange.Revenue from tourism showed significant progress and continues to grow, so bringa high impact on the Indonesian economy. Number of tourists visiting foreigncountries is an important indicator for the growth of tourism sector in Indonesia isrelated to the increase in foreign exchange. Increase or decrease of tourist arrivals isinfluenced both by internal factors such as the condition of tourist destinations inIndonesia, politics and security in Indonesia or external factors such as the economic conditions of the various countries of origin of foreign tourists. This study uses panel data with the annual number of tourist arrivals from a number of countries to Indonesia for 19 years as the dependent variable. The independent variable of this research is RGDPP (Real GDP Per Capita), RREER (Relative Real Effective Exchange Rate), TCPI (Indicative Ratio of Consumer Price Index), Population, CPITUNIS (Consumer Price Index Tunisia), TO (Trade Openness). The results of this study indicate that tourist arrivals to Indonesia is heavily influenced by the distance from their home country to destinations in Indonesia. This variable is the biggest variable affecting the arrival of foreign tourists to Indonesia. Income per capita is the second largest variable and has a coefficient close to unity, so that the income elasticity of country of origin is an important variable to be considered.

AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF TOURIST ARRIVAL IN THE STATE OF BIHAR, INDIA.

This paper tends to analyze the tourist footprint in Bihar from the year 2001 to 2018. The findings of this paper support that there is a significant and positive increase in domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in the state. Paper also reveals that 71 percent of total tourist arrivals in the state take place in its ten major regions i.e. Patna, Gaya, Bodhgaya, Bihar, Rajgir, Nalanda, Raxaul, Munger, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, and Bhagalpur. Moreover, from Jan 2015 to Dec 2018, Gaya, Bodhgaya, and Rajgir account for the highest number of foreign arrivals whereas Patna, Gaya, and Rajgir account for the highest number of domestic tourist arrivals. The findings of this paper significantly help the state tourism sector and stakeholders to develop and adopt the best strategies for the overall development of Bihar tourism. The study has further research scope, in terms of attempting the same by enlarging the database, organization wise and across different organization.

India’s Public Diplomacy in the Twenty-First Century: Components, Objectives and Challenges

In recent years, several countries have made sustained efforts to project their ‘soft power’ abroad. Public diplomacy has been an important tool for this purpose. Public diplomacy involves activities usually undertaken by a national government to inform and influence foreign public opinion and attitudes in order to advance its foreign policy goals. Such activities include ‘nation-branding’, diaspora outreach, digital engagement, international broadcasting, and international exchange programmes, all of which are designed to promote a positive image and reputation of the country to a global audience. This paper discusses the role of public diplomacy in the service of India’s foreign policy goals during the twenty-first century. The practice of public diplomacy helps the country achieve two significant objectives. First, it helps allay any active or dormant fears within the international community about India as a rising power. Second, it helps India compete with other countries as it seeks to boost foreign tourist arrivals, attract foreign investment and secure new markets for its exports in an era of globalisation. This paper also briefly discusses some of the challenges associated with India’s use of public diplomacy.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING UNTUK PERAMALAN KEDATANGAN WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA PADA PULAU BALI

The purpose of this study is to predict the arrival of foreign tourists on the island of Bali by using the Exponential Smoothing method. This research is a quantitative descriptive. The data used in the study are data on foreign tourist arrivals from the air and sea routes taken from the Central Statistics Agency. Data is managed through the Microsoft Excel application. In determining the RMSE, the Solver Parameters help listed in Microsoft Excel is used to determine the lowest error rate. The data used in this study indicate that there are trend and seasonal patterns so that the most suitable Exponential Smoothing method is the Triple Exponential Smoothing method. The results of this study indicate that foreign tourist arrivals on the island of Bali are predicted to increase in 2020 although not too significant. The results of this study are expected to help the Bali Island government and related agencies in terms of planning and decision making to overcome the crisis on the island of Bali caused by the tourism sector.

PERAMALAN KEDATANGAN WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA INDONESIA: METODE HOLT’S WINTER EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING

This reseacrh aims to predict the arrival of foreign tourists in Indonesia using the Exponential Smoothing method. This research is quantitative descriptive. The data used are data of foreign tourist arrivals according to nationality taken from the Badan Pusat Statistik. Data is managed through the Microsoft Excel application. In determining RMSE, Solver Parameter help is used in Microsoft Excel to determine the lowest error rate. The data used in this research indicate that there are trend and seasonal patterns, so the most suitable Exponential Smoothing method is the Holt's Winter Exponential Smoothing method. The results of this research indicate that foreign tourist arrivals in Indonesia are predicted to increase in 2020. The results of this research are expected to help the government and related agencies in planning and decision making in the tourism industry.

Heterogeneous effects of visa exemption policy on international tourist arrivals: Evidence from Indonesia

We examined the potential heterogeneous impact of implementing a series of visa exemption policies on foreign tourist arrivals in Indonesia by exploiting a rich data set of monthly series of foreign tourist arrivals, by country and by port of entry between January 2014 and December 2018. This is the first study in providing empirical evidence of the heterogeneous impact of a country’s visa exemption policy across tourist’s origins and within-country destinations. Using a panel data approach, our estimates showed that while the policy increased monthly foreign tourist arrivals by 5% on average, the effect was evident for less-traditional destinations only. The policy also potentially provided a diversion effect between destinations, such that it created an adverse effect on the traditional destinations of Indonesia. Our estimates also suggest a heterogeneous impact between origins at the continent level, and an 8% higher impact per year after the policy’s introduction, which was relatively lower than has been found in other studies. The findings imply that the visa exemption policy is not a one-size-fits-all policy in attracting international tourist arrivals.

Role of foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) from Bangladesh in Indian tourism development: A segment-wise analysis

Bangladesh being a neighboring country of India plays a crucial role in bringing millions of tourists every year. Bangladesh is the largest tourist generating market for India in which the India-Bangladesh relation is a key factor for this foreign tourist arrivals(FTAs) and tourism development. The main objective of this paper is to find out the trend of Bangladeshi foreign tourist arrivals in India from 2018 to 2025 with respect to observed values of foreign tourist arrivals during previous years, analysis of segment-wise growth rate of Bangladeshi tourist arrivals according to purpose of travel and to make some policy prescriptions. The research is based on secondary data by applying descriptive statistics considering the published reports of the Indian Government from the Ministry of Tourism. The findings of the present research paper show that the trend and growth rate of FTAs are rising steadily as well as the importance of Bangladeshi tourist arrivals in developing certain tourism segments of India that are lacking behind and have some potential for further expansion. Proper attention to these segments is expected to make a positive contribution towards tourism development in particular and economic development in general of India.

Handicraft Tourism in Pokhara: Connecting the Past Tradition to the Present

Although the importance of handicraft has been widely recognized, the literature regarding the role of handicraft in tourism market is scarce. Based on empirical data, the present article aimed to explore the interplay between handicraft and tourism, the contribution of handicraft in tourism promotion and the challenges faced by handicraft sector in Pokhara, Nepal. This study identifies that there is a significant level of correlation and dependency between handicraft and foreign tourist arrivals, job creation and the increase in income and social status of handicraft shop proprietor. As a harbinger of past tradition, handicraft tourism/souvenir items has created a unique experience for tourist, enriched nation’s pride, belief and identity and connected the past tradition to the present. Lack of effective advertisement/marketing, inequitable price, scarcity of raw materials, intrusion of foreign goods, ineffective government policies are the key challenges of handicraft tourism. Policy improvement, increase in source/supply of raw materials, supply of handicrafts as per demand, creative production and marketing are the ways that can promote handicraft market. Handicraft tourism is not just about displaying and selling products, it is about allowing tourists to truly understand the skill/craft at rear and realize handicrafts unique tradition, linking tourists to artisans to facilitate them understand and appreciate the art. It is necessary recognizing the importance of local handicraft in sustainable tourism development and the importance of tourism as an agent for protection and preservation of traditional crafts, methods of production and cultural milieu.

PT. ANGKASA PURA II (PERSERO) STRATEGY IN INCREASING THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVAL (FTA)

The focus of this Journal is to know PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) strategy in increasing the number of Foreign Tourist Arrival (FTA) with Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Development. The type of research in this study is descriptive research. Techniques of data collection are from interviews, observation, and literature. The result of this research says that in building Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) there is some marketing strategy in offering new routes to airlines, such as roadshow, inviting airlines, and bring in airlines. The process of opening new routes takes a long time, depending on the duration of internal airline coordination. For marketing LCCT to the public, PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) together with the Ministry of Tourism is making a promotion video that will disseminate in and outside the country. Keyword: Foreign Tourist Arrival (FTA), Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT), roadshow, airlines, marketing strategy

Vulnerability and resilience of the tourism sector in India: Effects of natural disasters and internal conflict

Tourism resilience studies often focus on a single shock event. In reality, the same destination may face different kinds of shocks. It is important to compare the relative effect and resilience to different shocks.Using a panel dataset for 22 Indian states, we build random effect models to understand the impact of natural disasters and political conflict on domestic and foreign tourist arrivals. Severe conflict events affect domestic tourist arrivals negatively, while natural disasters do not. In contrast, natural disasters affect international tourist arrivals negatively but conflicts do not.We study resilience by identifying breaks in tourist arrivals and noting corresponding recovery times. Breaks were observed in more states for the international segment compared to domestic segment. Recovery times was also greater for international rather than domestic tourists. Thus domestic tourists seem to be more resilient compared to international tourists. Our study provides useful insights that may have policy implications.

Peran Brand Attractiveness Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Brand Distinctiveness, Brand Prestige, Brand Sosial Benefit, dan Memorable Brand Experience Terhadap Customer Brand Identification

The rapid development in the tourism sector is accompanied by an increase in foreign tourist arrivals, making the Indonesia’s hotel industry which is part of the tourism sector, growing dramatically. Competition between brands is unavoidable, each hotel must develop its own brand strategy. This study aims to add insight into brand management specifically in the hotel industry. This study used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 219 respondents who lived in Jabodetabek and had stayed at five-star hotels located in Java and Bali. From this study it can be concluded that the role of brand attractiveness in giving indirect effects to brand prestige, brand distinctiveness, brand social benefits, and memorable brand experience on customer brand identification. This study also stated the importance of brand prestige, brand distinctiveness, and brand social benefits significantly and positively influences customer brand identification directly.

Tourism-Energy-Environment-Growth Nexus: Evidence from India

This paper examined the dynamic linkages between tourism development, energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in the context of the Indian economy. The short-run findings establish a chain-link between tourism development, economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation. Foreign tourist arrivals positively contribute to economic growth which in turn increases per capita energy use thereby raising CO2 emissions – a major cause of environmental degradation and consequential adverse effects on tourism development. The long-run findings, although inconclusive, are only indicative of short-run observations. Therefore, the policy focus should be on devising promotional strategies for encouraging the extensive use of clean energy for environmental protection. Such a policy base can be instrumental in fostering the development of India tourism and also, be pivotal for achieving sustainable economic growth.

Exchange Rate Volatility and Tourism Demand in India: Unraveling the Asymmetric Relationship

This study explores the asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on tourism demand in India from January 2006 to April 2018. Tourism demand is captured from a twin perspective—quantity and value. While quantity is represented by foreign tourist arrival in India, earnings from foreign tourists are used to represent value. The study is unique from a methodological point of view as it makes the first ever application of the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model of Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014), in the tourism demand literature to capture nonlinearity simultaneously in the short- as well as long-run. Results of our analysis show that tourism demand in India responds asymmetrically to both nominal and real exchange rate volatility. Also, the long-run effects of exchange rate uncertainty are shown to be more damaging than the short-run effects. Our findings are fairly robust to alternative specifications.