Foreign Soldiers Research Articles

Military Marauders in Nineteenth-Century French Popular Culture

Marauding first emerged as a suitable topic for the popular imagery manufacturers located in France’s eastern garrison cities in the wake of the Allied invasions of 1814-15. During the nineteenth century, however, domestic marauders replaced foreign soldiers as a central theme in military imagery. While foreign soldiers were condemned for such actions, French soldiers were lauded for their marauding talent. Marauding was depicted as part of a martial re-education programme, in which rural recruits were taught to despise their peasant origins and to prey on their countrymen. Thus the soldier acquired a new military morality and developed the skills of quick-wittedness and individual bravura so necessary for his new occupation. Because such fl air was conceived of as inherently Gallic, marauding was also a process of becoming more French. For the state authorities, who censored the production of popular imagery and were even major customers (through the schools), such prints were a means of preparing young men for the transformation from peasants into Frenchmen.

Consequences of the Disarmament Process for the Labour Market in Germany

AbstractIn Germany the international peace process has important consequences for the economy, especially for the labour market. The German armed forces will be reduced from 520,000 to 370,000. Nearly three quarters of the approximately 830,000 foreign soldiers stationed in Germany are in the process of leaving the country. Parallel to this there will be a reduction of about 100,000 jobs for civil employees.There are strong indicators showing that the market of civil employees is an “internal market” (of the type often described by labour market segmentation theory) and there are high barriers against the mobility of workers.Measures of active labour market policy (especially of the German Federal Office of Labour) supports the transition of civil workers into new jobs. These provisions are assisted by measures of regional policy in regions with relatively high unemployment rates, where the dissolution and reduction of garrisons affect the prosperity of entire regions. In conglomerates with high growth rates, however, positive consequences of the disarmament process can be expected.

The Great Adventure: Mercenaries in The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1915

Scholarly studies of the Mexican revolutionary period seldom have approached the subject from the standpoint of how this momentous struggle was actually waged by its combatants. While considerable investigation has rendered valuable insights into leading personalities and movements of the time, no comparable effort has been made to unravel the myriad military complexities and paradoxes of one of the major wars waged on the North American continent.A case in point concerns the foreign soldiers who fought side by side with Mexican troops in the rebel armies. Such military personnel are commonly referred to in modern-day parlance as mercenaries, a term indicating “paid soldiers in the service of a foreign country.” However, not all foreigners who served in the Revolution were professional soldiers for hire, nor did all have previous military experience. Such words and phrases as soldiers of fortune or adventurers, in vogue during the period, more clearly define the status of these combatants as “men fighting for pay or love of adventure under the flag of any country.” Be that as it may, all of the terms given above are basically synonymous and can be used interchangeably to refer to the foreign volunteers who joined the various armed factions contending for supremacy in Mexico.

6. Plea of Superior Orders invoked by Foreign Soldiers Landgerecht (Country Court) Manokwari (then Netherlands New Guinea) November 24, 1961, N.J. 1962, no. 467 Case of Indonesian Intruders

6. Plea of Superior Orders invoked by Foreign Soldiers Landgerecht (Country Court) Manokwari (then Netherlands New Guinea) November 24, 1961, N.J. 1962, no. 467 Case of Indonesian Intruders

Plea of superior orders invoked by foreign soldiers

Plea of superior orders invoked by foreign soldiers

SANITARY CONDITIONS OF PEKING.

The Chinese army has been driven from Peking, the Empress and her co-conspirators have fled, the order is cut for the punishment of the most guilty and the sacred city, we are told, is well patrolled by the foreign soldiers. All true, but those who have lived in Peking know that within a year, unless certain measures are taken, officers and men will discover a deadlier foe than the Empress Dowager's imperial troops, and the death-roll will be longer than it was after the taking of Fort Taku and Tien-Tsin. <h3>Population.</h3> —The population of Peking is unknown, perhaps not being so great now as before the recent uprising, but still close to the one million mark. Some writers have greatly overestimated the number of inhabitants in this famous old city. Peking lies near the fortieth degree north latitude, ninety miles from the sea and one hundred and twenty feet above