Foreign Societies Research Articles

Global University Education: Some Cultural Considerations

Global education is advancing rapidly as a result of recent developments in communications. Yet cyber universities and on-line study are never likely to replace, altogether, the traditional terrestrial locations that also globalize higher education. These places on the ground bring with them human populations, each with its own culture. So culture needs to be taken into account, especially if any given system of education is to venture into foreign societies. Such cultural issues are the focus of this article. More particularly, it considers the cultural tensions provoked by the requirements that American liberal arts education imposes on different constituencies of foreign students with respect to study skills.

Seventieth Birthday of Viktor Ivanovich Trefilov

The 70th birthday of Viktor Ivanovich Trefilov was on August 6, 2000; he is a DSc in physicomathematical sciences, a professor, an Academician of the Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an Academician in the International Engineering Academy and of the Ukrainian Engineering Academy, an Honored Scientific and Engineering Worker of the Ukraine, a member of various foreign academies and scientific societies, a director of the Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, a member of the Presidium of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, and principal editor of this journal. He is one of the most outstanding metal physicists of our time and was the founder of a scientific school famous on an international scale, which operates in the area of solid-state physics and materials science of new materials. The editorial board of Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya greets him on his anniversary and wishes him new successes and good health.

Cross‐cultural adjustment of expatriates: Theory and research findings on American and Japanese expatriates

Theory and research findings of expatriate adjustment were examined to gain a better understanding of the adjustment process. Empirical studies have been focused on the failure rates of expatriates rather than on their adjustment capacity in foreign societies. Few studies have attempted to assess the level of adjustment for both American and Japanese expatriates in the same cultural environment. Future studies need to investigate how one group of expatriates can be better‐adjusted than another in different cultures, the differences in their adjustment to the different facets of cross‐cultural adjustment and the factors that enable one group to outperform the other group.

Shulutko Lazar Ilyich

June 24, 1997 will be 100 years since the birth of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, member of the International Association of Orthopedists and Traumatologists (SI-AT), Honorary Member of several foreign scientific societies, Head of the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Kazan HIDUVE, Professor Lazar Ilyich Shulutko.

Life satisfaction among the Japanese living abroad

The present study was designed to examine differences in life satisfaction between groups of Japanese living in three different countries using the Life Satisfaction Battery (LSB). The LSB was developed by Sorenson (1986) and consists of 12 scales: positive mood, negative mood, physical discomforts, satisfaction, daily routine, competence, accomplishments, resources, stress, motivation, internal obstacles, and external obstacles. This self-report inventory was administered to 747 native Japanese subjects located in three different countries: the United States (325), Egypt (72), and Japan (350). Results demonstrated significant differences between the three groups: Japanese in the United States were generally more satisfied than a comparable group living in their home country, and these two groups were substantially more satisfied with various areas of their lives than were Japanese subjects living in Egypt. This study demonstrates the effects of cultural differences on life satisfaction for people living temporarily in foreign societies, and attempts to explain the differences by interpreting the subjects' expectations and by examining access to help.

Cross‐cultural adjustment of expatriates: Theory & research findings on American and Japanese expatriates

Theory and research findings of expatriate adjustment were examined to gain a better understanding of the adjustment process. Empirical studies have been focused on the failure rates of expatriates rather than on their adjustment capacity in foreign societies. Few studies have attempted to assess the level of adjustment for both American and Japanese expatriates in the same cultural environment. Future studies need to investigate how one group of expatriates can be better‐adjusted than another in different cultures, the differences in their adjustment to the different facets of cross‐cultural adjustment and the factors that enable one group to outperform the other group.

Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Andrey Dmitriyevich Ado

The name of A.D. Ado, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, as the greatest pathophysiologist and allergologist is well known to the medical community not only in our country, but also abroad. He is an honorable member of several foreign academies and scientific societies (GDR, Czechoslovakia, Spain, FRG), member of editorial boards of several European scientific journals and for more than 25 years he has been a WHO expert.

APS Plans International Conference with Foreign Societies

APS Plans International Conference with Foreign Societies

SOME PROBLEMS OF CULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE USA AND THE USSR (THE 1920S THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1930S)

The article discusses some problems of cultural relations between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1920s the first half of the 1930s, the Authors outline the features of cultural relations of the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1920s-1930s, attention was drawn to the order of admission of foreigners through the activities of the Soviet Union («Intourist», All-Russian public organization for cultural relations with foreign countries, Russian Association of proletarian writers) and foreign organizations and agencies («Open Road»). It is noted that the main task of these organizations and agencies has become the establishment, development and strengthening of cultural ties between the two countries, including through «special» admission of foreign nationals. Also, the article identifies the main directions of the activities of Soviet and foreign organizations and agencies: cooperation with foreign societies of friendship with the Soviet Union and national societies, working with foreign scientists to explore with the Soviet system of healthcare and the development of scientific relations, partnership with tourist agencies for the exchange of professionals. Based on the analysis of foreign sources shows the negative and positive results in the indoctrination of American intellectuals with the aim of creating a positive image of the Soviet state. In conclusion, the work concludes unequal interest of the two States against each other, theSoviet Unionin the establishment of cultural relations differed selectivity.

The State Department at Home

The Department of State is entering a critical period at home. The public is growing less convinced of the wisdom of current foreign policies. Young people especially are alienated. Doubt about international purpose is exacerbated by uncertainty over national priorities as between domestic and foreign affairs. Problems of instability, violence, and poverty, once myopically regarded as endemic to foreign societies, now are recognized as serious domestic problems. In this troubled setting, the Department of State must make critical decisions on new policies and priorities. These major decisions will affect the lives of all Americans; all Americans should feel that they are somehow involved in the deliberations leading to them. To impart this sense of involvement and at the same time assist the Department of State to chart the wisest future course, the private foreign affairs community should be engaged in the dual roles of interlocutor between the government and the general public and of adviser to the Department of State. For the foreign affairs community to play these roles effectively, it will have to be strengthened, and the Department will have to treat that community as its natural and amicable constituency.

The Millerite Adventists in Great Britain, 1840–1850

Millenarianism was an important element in early nineteenth-century Evangelical Christianity. The majority of British and American Evangelicals favoured a post-millennial Advent, and looked forward to a thousand years of heaven on earth which were to precede Christ's Second Coming. The great religious and benevolent societies—tract and Bible societies, foreign and domestic missionary societies and the like, whose progress in Britain and America was closely linked—were sustained by the hope that their work and even their very existence were signs of the approaching Millennium. Within the major Evangelical denominations as well as the smaller sects, there were also ‘students of prophecy’, who took a closer interest in the allegorical and prophetic books of the Bible than the majority of their contemporaries, but this interest was by no means limited to the fanatical or eccentric. These ‘students’ read their Bibles with the extreme literalism common to Evangelicals at this time, and in their exegeses disputed the time and circumstances of the Second Advent. Many supported the idea of a post-millennial Advent, while others argued that Christ's return had already taken place at the destruction of Jerusalem. Some favoured a pre-millennial Advent; that is, that Christ would return before the thousand years of heaven on earth.

Radiology in World War II

HomeRadiologyVol. 74, No. 3 PreviousNext Announcements and Book ReviewsRadiology in World War IIPublished Online:Mar 1 1960https://doi.org/10.1148/74.3.492aMoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In AbstractDr. Kenneth D. A. Allen, who is editing the History of Radiology in World War II for the U. S. Army Medical Service, is appealing to radiologists to assist in obtaining material for this work. He and his fellow editors are especially anxious to have as complete a list as possible of American radiologists who received citations or decorations from either the American Services or foreign countries (including honorary membership in foreign societies), in recognition of their services. He asks any such to lay aside personal modesty and report their honors. Any radiologists who know of enlisted personnel in their departments who received decorations or commendations are requested to report these also. Address Kenneth D. A. Allen, M.D., Editor, History of Radiology in World War II, 800 Washington St., Denver 3, Colo.Article HistoryPublished in print: Mar 1960 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 74, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Myth and Reality in Approaching American Regionalism

have commanded concerted attention from observers and historians. John C. Calhoun's philosophizing, as well as the Civil War itself, involved the political and social rights of minority subcultures. When Frederick Jackson Turner wrote The Significance of Sections in American. History, he re-emphasized what was an orthodox approach to the national past. Regional differences had seemed the most compelling historical fact about the nineteenth century just concluding. Increasingly during the twentieth century, Americans have turned outward in awareness of foreign societies. Involvement in two world wars, followed by the perennial threat of a third, has made the nation conscious of European, Asian and African cultures as had not been the case between Ghent and Sarajevo. In this connection, it is hardly surprising that certain historians have reacted by placing stress upon the uniqueness of America as a whole. Several recent writers, continually placing the United States alongside the rediscovered Europe and dwelling upon the contrasts between them, thereby have been led to a corollary emphasis upon characteristics common to America as a unit, upon the so-called seamlessness of our culture.' Here, surely, is the antithesis of that earlier accent upon regions and contrasts within America itself. Here, also, is the temptation, sometimes surmounted, to depict the nation as one great classless, liberal, Lockeian pulp,2 in which the Civil

East Asia in General Education: Philosophy and Practice

being developed in colleges and univer sities all over the country on a variety of different bases-focusing the student's at tention on the Far East, India, or the Far East and India in one course, or all of Asia in one course. My personal belief is that a course of lectures dealing with foreign societies or cultures had best deal with one culture area at a time, in order to save the student from hopeless confusion and superficiality. The present article describes the prac tice and the philosophy of a course at Harvard University on the History of Far Eastern Civilization, given since 1936 by Edwin O. Reischauer and myself. As will soon appear, the philosophy of this effort is idealistic, the practice realistic. Thus we aim ideally to give the citizen-to-be a view of East Asian history, culture, soci ety, and current problems. (The course is at the sophomore level under the program of general education but is also taken or audited by upperclassmen and graduate

International Labor Problems

THIS group of publications covers a wide range of subjects: two of them deal with French labor problems, one with the international organizations of labor, another with the role of American trade unions in these international organizations. The voluminous study edited by Kornhauser, Dubin, and Ross is a symposium consisting of some fortyodd contributions by almost as many authors dealing with strikes and -to a considerably lesser extent-other forms of industrial conflict, primarily in the United States. Four of the essays, however, and a number of references in some of the others are devoted to foreign societies. The two works by Lewis Lorwin and John Windmuller supplement each other in some respects, at least for the period covered in the Windmuller study, I940 to I953. Lorwin's book, however, has a far wider time span and wider horizons. After a few brief introductory chapters dealing with the origins of the international labor movement, it covers in some detail the years from i9i8 to i929, and then with great care the developments between I930 and roughly I953. While the history of the movement up to I929 was the subject of Lewis Lorwin's wellknown and excellent previous book, Labor and Internationalism (New York, I929), this volume represents new research into the events of more than two decades. As a source of information, The International Labor Movement is unique and invaluable. Nowhere else, except by going back to original source material, can the American student obtain the wealth of in-

Understanding a Foreign Society: A Sociologist's View

The scheduling of a joint section meeting of the American Political Science Association and the American Sociological Society on “The Understanding of a Foreign Culture” may be taken as evidence that American social scientists feel the study of foreign societies to be a problem of increasing concern. It may perhaps also indicate that they are not fully satisfied with the progress made to date. Since this is a period given to radical innovations in social science, however, it seems appropriate to offer the caution that our problem cannot properly be defined as one of developing a new science of foreign societies. There cannot be one social science for the study of one's own country and a different one for the study of other nations. The primary task is not that of making our research methods more adequate for the study of foreign societies, but of improving our conceptual tools and methodological equipment to make us more effective in the study of any society.

BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS

Balanitis xerotica obliterans (post-operationem) is the term which Stühmer¹used in 1928 to describe an atrophic, shrinking process involving the glans and prepuce and frequently leading to urethral stenosis. On the basis of his first 5 cases Stühmer concluded that, although there was a close relation among various sclerosing processes of the male genitals described in the literature under the titles of leukoplakia and kraurosis, the condition in his cases was singular in that it developed in men in the second and third decades and followed circumcision for phimosis. In a second article he²described 4 more similar cases and expressed the opinion that balanitis xerotica obliterans was not identical with either kraurosis or leukoplakia of the male genitals. Stiihmer's euphonious title became a popular one; and several cases of sclerotic, atrophic dermatoses of the glans and prepuce have been reported before various foreign societies under the same

Sir Archibald Geikie (1835–1924)

THE centenary of the birth of Sir Archibald Geikie falls on December 28 this year; it is a fitting occasion to remind older geologists of what many of them owed to him during their earlier years for his teaching and writings, and to direct the attention of younger geologists to the changes that have come over the science since Geikie began his labours. It was his good fortune to take up geology when major principles still required documentation and exposition; he devoted much attention to the significance of denudation in the shaping of existing forms of land surface and to the results of volcanic activity, and in pursuit of field evidence travelled extensively in Europe and North America. Possessed of a logical mind, great industry and a lucid and dignified prose style—which gave him pleasure to employ—he early assumed and continued during his life to occupy a leading position as an exponent of physical geology. During his tenure of office as director-general of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom he secured opportunities for a considerable literary output, including the compilation of his great textbook, first published in 1882, which after several revisions is still in use, but how different from its successors with their lavish employment of photographic reproductions. Sir Archibald corresponded freely with his geological contemporaries abroad, worthily maintaining the status of British geology, and he received generous recognition from many foreign societies. He took an active part in the administration of scientific institutions, and held the presidency of the Royal Society in 1904 and of the British Association in 1892; but it was as a writer of readable geological literature that he earned the appreciation both of the serious student and the general reader, and made thereby an indelible mark on his epoch.

Foreign Societies and Journals

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The Twelfth German Geographical Congress

THE German “Geographentag,” which takes place every second year, was held from April 21 to 23, in Jena. The meeting was attended by over five hundred persons from all parts of Germany, including Prof. Brackebusch; Colonel Frobenius, Prof. Karl Futterer of Karlsruhe, Prof. Gerland of Strassburg, Prof. Hahn of Königsberg, Dr. Hassenstein. Dr. K. Hassert, Herr von Hesse Wartegg, Prof. Kirchhoff of Halle, Captain Kollm (Secretary of the Berlin Geographical Society), Dr. Kretschmer, Count von Linden, Dr. Lindeman, Dr. Hans Mayer, Prof. Neumann of Freiburg, Prof. Neumayer of Hamburg, Dr. Schenck, Prof. Supan of Gotha, Prof. Sievers of Giessen, Prof. Wagner of Göttingen, Prof. Walther of Jena, Prof. Wahnschaffe of Berlin, and Count von Zeppelin. Twelve German Geographical Societies were officially represented, and two foreign Societies—the Royal Geographical Society and the Hungarian Geographical Society—sent delegates.