ABSTRACT Concern has been growing that, in light of the major U.S. policy decision to withdraw from Afghanistan in 2014, U.S. interests and foreign policy in Central Asia and the Caspian Sea Basin Region are in danger of falling between the stools through a combination of shifting priorities, diminishing resources, and Central Asia “fatigue.” As a result, the NCAFP conducted a Roundtable to address the following three questions: Why is the region important to U.S. strategic interests, why is it necessary for the United States to maintain a presence in the region, and what would be the consequences if the United States walks away? The report explains the importance of U.S. strategic interests in the region and sets forth specific policy recommendations.